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lemma

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:Lemma

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:

lemma

Wikipedia

Pronunciation

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(UK, General American)enPR:lĕm'ə,IPA^(key): /ˈlɛmə/
(pin–pen merger)IPA^(key): /ˈlɪmə/
- Audio(Southern England): (file)
Rhymes:-ɛmə
Hyphenation:lem‧ma

Etymology 1

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FromAncient Greekλῆμμα(lêmma,“premise, assumption”), from the same root asλαμβάνω(lambánō,“I take”).

Noun

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lemma (plurallemmasorlemmata)

(mathematics) Apropositionproved oraccepted for immediate use in theproof of some other proposition.
- 1988 August 30, Malcolm W. Browne, “Intellectual Duel: Brash Challenge, Swift Response”, inThe New York Times‎^[1]:
  "We finally did it, but we found the proof very, very hard," [Dr. Conway] said. "I remember my wife and I spending one entire afternoon just working on some tiny littlelemmas involved in the proof."
1. (in phrases, by extension) A proposition originally used for such a purpose, but having later acquired a greater, independent, importance; afundamental (oftenpithy) and widely-usedresult.
(linguistics, lexicography) Thecanonical form of aninflected word; i.e., the form usually found as theheadword in adictionary, such as thenominative singular of a noun, thebare infinitive of a verb, etc.
Synonym:lexeme(synonymous sense)
Holonym:lexeme(holonymous sense)
- 2024,Geoffrey K. Pullum,The Truth About English Grammar, Polity Press,→ISBN, page17:
  For the second sense, where "word" means "item that should have its own dictionary entry," lexicographers sometimes use the term "lemma," but that has other meanings too, so among linguists the termlexeme is now standard, and I'll use it. For the different forms or shapes that belong to a lexeme we can use the termword-form.
- For quotations using this term, seeCitations:lemma.
(psycholinguistics) The theoretical abstractconceptual form of a word, representing a specific meaning, before the creation of a specificphonological form as the sounds of alexeme, which may find representation in a specific written form as adictionary orlexicographic word.
Coordinate term:lexeme

Synonyms

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(linguistics, lexicography: canonical form of a word):citation form

Antonyms

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(antonym(s) of“linguistics, lexicography: canonical form of a word”):non-lemma

mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition

Arabic:تَمْهِيدِيَّة f(tamhīdiyya)
Armenian:լեմմա (hy)(lemma)
Bengali:লেমা(lema)
Bulgarian:ле́ма f(léma)
Catalan:lema (ca) m
Chinese:
Mandarin:引理 (zh)(yǐnlǐ)
Czech:lemma (cs) n
Danish:lemma (da) n,hjælpesætning c
Dutch:lemma (nl) n
Esperanto:lemo
Faroese:hjálparsetningur m
Finnish:apulause,lemma (fi)
French:lemme (fr) m
German:Lemma (de) n,Hilfssatz m
Greek:λήμμα (el) n(límma)
Hebrew:למה (he) f(léma),טענת עזר f(te'anát ézer)
Hindi:प्रमेयिका f(prameyikā)
Hungarian:lemma (hu),segédtétel (hu),kiegészítő tétel
Icelandic:hjálparsetning f
Italian:lemma (it) m
Japanese:補題 (ja)(hodai)
Korean:보조정리(bojojeongni)
Macedonian:лема f(lema)
Norwegian:
Bokmål:lemma (no) n
Nynorsk:lemma n
Polish:lemat (pl) m
Portuguese:lema (pt) m
Romanian:lemă (ro) f
Russian:ле́мма (ru) f(lémma)
Slovak:lema f
Spanish:lema (es) m
Swedish:lemma (sv) n

linguistics: canonical form of a term

Afrikaans:lemma (af)
Arabic:سُدَّة f(sudda),لِيمَّا (ar)(līmmā)
Bengali:লেমা(lema)
Bulgarian:ле́ма f(léma)
Catalan:lema (ca) m
Chinese:
Mandarin:詞目 /词目 (zh)(címù),字詞 /字词 (zh)(zìcí),詞條 /词条 (zh)(cítiáo),詞元 /词元(cíyuán)
Czech:lemma (cs) n
Danish:lemma (da) n,opslagsord (da) n,stikord n,opslagsform c
Dutch:lemma (nl) n
Esperanto:lemo
Faroese:leitorð n
Finnish:perusmuoto (fi),lemma (fi)
French:lemme (fr) m,entrée (fr) f,terme vedette m,mot vedette (fr) m
German:Lemma (de) n,Stichwort (de) n
Greek:λήμμα (el) f(límma)
Hungarian:lemma (hu),szótári szó,lexéma (hu),címszó (hu),lexikai egység
Icelandic:fletta,flettiorð,uppflettimynd f
Ido:lemo (io)
Indonesian:lema (id)
Italian:lemma (it) n
Japanese:レンマ(renma)
Korean:올림말 (ko)(ollimmal),표제어(pyojeeo)
Latin:lēmma n
Macedonian:лема f(lema)
Norwegian:
Bokmål:lemma (no) n,oppslagsord n,stikkord n
Nynorsk:lemma n,oppslagsord n,stikkord n
Persian:مدخل (fa)(madxal),بن‌واژه (fa)(bon-vâže)
Polish:lemma (pl) f
Portuguese:lema (pt) m
Romanian:lemă (ro)
Russian:ле́мма (ru) f(lémma)
Slovak:lema f
Spanish:lema (es) m
Swedish:lemma (sv) n,uppslagsord (sv) n,grundform (sv) c
Uzbek:lemma (uz)
Vietnamese:mục từ (vi)

linguistics: lexeme—seelexeme

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Lithuanian:^{(pleaseverify)}pagrindinė forma (lt) f

Etymology 2

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From theAncient Greekλέμμα(lémma), fromλέπω(lépō,“I peel”).

Noun

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lemma (plurallemmasorlemmata)

(botany) The outershell of afruit or similar body.
(botany) One of the specializedbracts around thefloret ingrasses.

Derived terms

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Translations

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botany: one of the specialized bracts around the floret in grasses

Faroese:niðara blómuøgn f
Finnish:ulkohelve
Korean:겉겨(geotgyeo)
Latin:lēmma n
Persian:پوشه (fa)(puše),گلوم(gelum),سبوسه (fa)(sabuse)

Anagrams

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melam,ammel

Czech

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Etymology

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Ultimately fromAncient Greekλῆμμα(lêmma,“premise, assumption”), fromλαμβάνω(lambánō,“I take”).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): [ˈlɛma]
Hyphenation:le‧m‧ma

Noun

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lemma n

(mathematics)lemma
(linguistics)lemma(the canonical form of an inflected word)

Declension

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Declension oflemma (ma-stem neuter reducible)

	singular	plural
nominative	lemma	lemmata
genitive	lemmatu	lemmat
dative	lemmatu	lemmatům
accusative	lemma	lemmata
vocative	lemma	lemmata
locative	lemmatu	lemmatech
instrumental	lemmatem	lemmaty

Related terms

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Dutch

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Etymology

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FromLatinlemma, fromAncient Greekλῆμμα(lêmma,“premise, assumption”), fromλαμβάνω(lambánō,“I take”).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈlɛ.maː/
Audio: (file)
Hyphenation:lem‧ma
Rhymes:-ɛmaː

Noun

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lemma n (plurallemma'sorlemmata,diminutivelemmaatje n)

(mathematics)lemma(proved or accepted proposition used in a proof)
(linguistics) lemma(the canonical form of an inflected word,dictionary form)

Derived terms

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Finnish

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Etymology

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FromAncient Greekλῆμμα(lêmma,“premise, assumption”), fromλαμβάνω(lambánō,“I take”).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈlemːɑ/,[ˈle̞mːɑ̝]
Rhymes:-emːɑ
Syllabification^(key):lem‧ma
Hyphenation^(key):lem‧ma

Noun

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lemma

(mathematics)lemma
Synonym:apulause
(linguistics)lemma
Synonym:perusmuoto

Declension

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Inflection oflemma (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative		lemma	lemmat
genitive		lemman	lemmojen
partitive		lemmaa	lemmoja
illative		lemmaan	lemmoihin
		singular	plural
nominative		lemma	lemmat
accusative	nom.	lemma	lemmat
accusative	gen.	lemman	lemmat
genitive		lemman	lemmojen lemmain^rare
partitive		lemmaa	lemmoja
inessive		lemmassa	lemmoissa
elative		lemmasta	lemmoista
illative		lemmaan	lemmoihin
adessive		lemmalla	lemmoilla
ablative		lemmalta	lemmoilta
allative		lemmalle	lemmoille
essive		lemmana	lemmoina
translative		lemmaksi	lemmoiksi
abessive		lemmatta	lemmoitta
instructive		—	lemmoin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms oflemma(Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		lemmani	lemmani
accusative	nom.	lemmani	lemmani
accusative	gen.	lemmani	lemmani
genitive		lemmani	lemmojeni lemmaini^rare
partitive		lemmaani	lemmojani
inessive		lemmassani	lemmoissani
elative		lemmastani	lemmoistani
illative		lemmaani	lemmoihini
adessive		lemmallani	lemmoillani
ablative		lemmaltani	lemmoiltani
allative		lemmalleni	lemmoilleni
essive		lemmanani	lemmoinani
translative		lemmakseni	lemmoikseni
abessive		lemmattani	lemmoittani
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	lemmoineni

second-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		lemmasi	lemmasi
accusative	nom.	lemmasi	lemmasi
accusative	gen.	lemmasi	lemmasi
genitive		lemmasi	lemmojesi lemmaisi^rare
partitive		lemmaasi	lemmojasi
inessive		lemmassasi	lemmoissasi
elative		lemmastasi	lemmoistasi
illative		lemmaasi	lemmoihisi
adessive		lemmallasi	lemmoillasi
ablative		lemmaltasi	lemmoiltasi
allative		lemmallesi	lemmoillesi
essive		lemmanasi	lemmoinasi
translative		lemmaksesi	lemmoiksesi
abessive		lemmattasi	lemmoittasi
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	lemmoinesi

first-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		lemmamme	lemmamme
accusative	nom.	lemmamme	lemmamme
accusative	gen.	lemmamme	lemmamme
genitive		lemmamme	lemmojemme lemmaimme^rare
partitive		lemmaamme	lemmojamme
inessive		lemmassamme	lemmoissamme
elative		lemmastamme	lemmoistamme
illative		lemmaamme	lemmoihimme
adessive		lemmallamme	lemmoillamme
ablative		lemmaltamme	lemmoiltamme
allative		lemmallemme	lemmoillemme
essive		lemmanamme	lemmoinamme
translative		lemmaksemme	lemmoiksemme
abessive		lemmattamme	lemmoittamme
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	lemmoinemme

second-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		lemmanne	lemmanne
accusative	nom.	lemmanne	lemmanne
accusative	gen.	lemmanne	lemmanne
genitive		lemmanne	lemmojenne lemmainne^rare
partitive		lemmaanne	lemmojanne
inessive		lemmassanne	lemmoissanne
elative		lemmastanne	lemmoistanne
illative		lemmaanne	lemmoihinne
adessive		lemmallanne	lemmoillanne
ablative		lemmaltanne	lemmoiltanne
allative		lemmallenne	lemmoillenne
essive		lemmananne	lemmoinanne
translative		lemmaksenne	lemmoiksenne
abessive		lemmattanne	lemmoittanne
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	lemmoinenne

third-person possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		lemmansa	lemmansa
accusative	nom.	lemmansa	lemmansa
accusative	gen.	lemmansa	lemmansa
genitive		lemmansa	lemmojensa lemmainsa^rare
partitive		lemmaansa	lemmojaan lemmojansa
inessive		lemmassaan lemmassansa	lemmoissaan lemmoissansa
elative		lemmastaan lemmastansa	lemmoistaan lemmoistansa
illative		lemmaansa	lemmoihinsa
adessive		lemmallaan lemmallansa	lemmoillaan lemmoillansa
ablative		lemmaltaan lemmaltansa	lemmoiltaan lemmoiltansa
allative		lemmalleen lemmallensa	lemmoilleen lemmoillensa
essive		lemmanaan lemmanansa	lemmoinaan lemmoinansa
translative		lemmakseen lemmaksensa	lemmoikseen lemmoiksensa
abessive		lemmattaan lemmattansa	lemmoittaan lemmoittansa
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	lemmoineen lemmoinensa

Hungarian

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lemma on Hungarian Wikipedia

Etymology

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FromEnglishlemma andGermanLemma, fromAncient Greekλῆμμα(lêmma,“premise, assumption”), fromλαμβάνω(lambánō,“I take”).^[1]

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): [ˈlɛmːɒ]
Hyphenation:lem‧ma
Rhymes:-mɒ

Noun

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lemma (plurallemmák)

(mathematics, linguistics, lexicography)lemma

Declension

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Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	lemma	lemmák
accusative	lemmát	lemmákat
dative	lemmának	lemmáknak
instrumental	lemmával	lemmákkal
causal-final	lemmáért	lemmákért
translative	lemmává	lemmákká
terminative	lemmáig	lemmákig
essive-formal	lemmaként	lemmákként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	lemmában	lemmákban
superessive	lemmán	lemmákon
adessive	lemmánál	lemmáknál
illative	lemmába	lemmákba
sublative	lemmára	lemmákra
allative	lemmához	lemmákhoz
elative	lemmából	lemmákból
delative	lemmáról	lemmákról
ablative	lemmától	lemmáktól
non-attributive possessive – singular	lemmáé	lemmáké
non-attributive possessive – plural	lemmáéi	lemmákéi

Possessive forms oflemma
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	lemmám	lemmáim
2nd person sing.	lemmád	lemmáid
3rd person sing.	lemmája	lemmái
1st person plural	lemmánk	lemmáink
2nd person plural	lemmátok	lemmáitok
3rd person plural	lemmájuk	lemmáik

References

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^Tótfalusi, István.Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005.→ISBN

Italian

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Etymology

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FromLatinlemma, fromAncient Greekλῆμμα(lêmma,“premise, assumption”), fromλαμβάνω(lambánō,“I take”).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈlɛm.ma/
Rhymes:-ɛmma
Hyphenation:lèm‧ma

Noun

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lemma m (plurallemmi)

(mathematics, linguistics, lexicography)lemma
- For quotations using this term, seeCitations:lemma.
entry (in a dictionary)

Related terms

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lemmatico

Anagrams

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melma

Latin

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Etymology 1

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FromAncient Greekλῆμμα(lêmma,“premise, assumption”), fromλαμβάνω(lambánō,“I take”).

Pronunciation

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(Classical Latin)IPA^(key): [ˈɫeːm.ma]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)IPA^(key): [ˈlɛm.ma]

Noun

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lēmma n (genitivelēmmatis);third declension

(literally) A subject for considerationor explanation, a theme, matter, subject, contents.
(Can wefind and add a quotation of Pliny the Younger to this entry?)
(transferred senses):
1. the titleof an epigram (because it indicates the subject)
2. the epigramitself
3. story, tale
4. the assumptionor lemmaof a syllogism
  (Can wefind and add a quotation of Aulus Gellius to this entry?)

Declension

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Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

	singular	plural
nominative	lēmma	lēmmata
genitive	lēmmatis	lēmmatum
dative	lēmmatī	lēmmatibus
accusative	lēmma	lēmmata
ablative	lēmmate	lēmmatibus
vocative	lēmma	lēmmata

Derived terms

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nūtrīcis lēmmata

Descendants

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Catalan:lema
Dutch:lemma
English:lemma
French:lemme
German:Lemma
Italian:lemma
Spanish:lema

References

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“lemma”, inCharlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879),A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“lemma”, inGaffiot, Félix (1934),Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page898/2.
“lemma” on page 1,015/1 of theOxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)

Etymology 2

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Probably a scribal error:ni →m.

Noun

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lemma f (genitivelemmae);first declension

medieval spelling oflemnia[8th C.]

Declension

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First-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	lemma	lemmae
genitive	lemmae	lemmārum
dative	lemmae	lemmīs
accusative	lemmam	lemmās
ablative	lemmā	lemmīs
vocative	lemma	lemmae

References

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“lemma”, inCharlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879),A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
"lemma", in Charles du Fresne du Cange,Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)