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lead

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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Chemical element
Pb
Previous:thallium (Tl)
Next:bismuth (Bi)

Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishled,leed, fromOld Englishlēad(lead), fromProto-West Germanic*laud(lead), possibly borrowed fromProto-Celtic*ɸloudom, fromProto-Indo-European*plewd-(to flow).

Cognate withScotsleid,lede(lead),North Frisianlud,luad(lead),West Frisianlead(lead),Dutchlood(lead),Low GermanLod(solder, plummet),GermanLot(solder, plummet, sounding line),Swedishlod(solder, plummet),Icelandiclóð(a plumb, weight),Irishluaidhe(lead)Latinplumbum(lead),Finnishluoti(bullet).Doublet ofloth. More atflow.

  • (graphite in a pencil): Graphite was once believed to be a form of lead; seeblack lead andplumbago.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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lead (countable anduncountable,pluralleads)

Electrolytically refined pure lead
  1. (uncountable) A heavy,pliable,inelastic metalelement, having a bright, bluish color, but easilytarnished; bothmalleable andductile, though with littletenacity. It is easilyfusible, formsalloys with other metals, and is an ingredient ofsolder andtype metal.Atomic number 82, symbolPb (from Latinplumbum).
    Synonym:plumbum
  2. (countable, nautical) Aplummet or mass of lead attached to a line, used insoundingdepth at sea or(dated) to estimatevelocity inknots.
  3. A thinstrip oftype metal, used toseparate lines of type in printing.
  4. (uncountable, typography) Vertical space in advance of a row or between rows of text. Also known asleading.
    This copy has too muchlead; I prefer less space between the lines.
  5. Sheets orplates of leadused as acovering forroofs.
  6. (countable) Aroof covered with leadsheets orterneplates.
  7. (countable) A thincylinder ofgraphite used inpencils.
    Synonym:pencil lead
  8. (slang)Bullets;ammunition.
    Theypumped him full oflead.
  9. (medicine, in theplural)X-rayprotectiveclothing lined with lead.
    You must remember to wear yourleads.
Derived terms
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terms derived from the noun "lead"


Translations
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Seelead/translations § Etymology 1.

Verb

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lead (third-person singular simple presentleads,present participleleading,simple past and past participleleaded)

  1. (transitive) To cover, fill, or affect with lead.
    continuous firingleads the grooves of a rifle.
  2. (transitive, printing, historical) To place leads between the lines of.
    tolead a page
    leaded matter
Translations
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Seelead/translations § Etymology 1.

See also

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terms related to the element lead

Further reading

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  • David Barthelmy (1997–2025) “Lead”, inWebmineral Mineralogy Database.
  • lead”, inMindat.org[1], Hudson Institute of Mineralogy,2000–2025.
  • lead on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Etymology 2

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

FromMiddle Englishleden, fromOld Englishlǣdan(to lead), fromProto-West Germanic*laidijan, fromProto-Germanic*laidijaną(to cause one to go, lead), causative ofProto-Germanic*līþaną(to go), fromProto-Indo-European*leyt-(to leave, die).

Cognate withWest Frisianliede(to lead),Dutchleiden(to lead),Germanleiten(to lead),Danish andNorwegian Bokmållede(to lead),Norwegian Nynorskleia(to lead),Swedishleda(to lead). Related toOld Englishlīþan(to go, travel).

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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lead (third-person singular simple presentleads,present participleleading,simple past and past participleled)

  1. (heading, transitive)Toguide orconduct.
    1. Toguide orconduct with the hand, or by means of some physical contact connection.
      a fatherleads a child    a jockeyleads a horse with a halter    a dogleads a blind man
    2. Toguide or conduct in a certaincourse, or to a certain place or end, by making the way known; to show the way, especially by going with or going in advance of, to lead a pupil; toguide somebody somewhere or tobring somebody somewhere by means ofinstructions.
      The guide was able tolead the tourists through the jungle safely.
    3. (figuratively): Todirect; tocounsel; toinstruct
      A good teacher shouldlead their students to the right answer.
    4. To conduct ordirect withauthority; to have direction or charge of; tocommand, especially amilitary orbusiness unit.
      tolead a political party
      tolead the search team
      • 1664,Robert South, “(please specify the sermon number)A Sermon Preached Before the University at Christ-Church, Oxon”, inSermons Preached upon Several Occasions. [], new edition, volume(please specify |volume=I to IV), London: [] Thomas Tegg, [], published1843,→OCLC:
        Christ took not upon him flesh and blood that he might conquer and rule nations,lead armies, or possess places.
        The spelling has been modernized.
    5. To guide or conduct oneself in, through, or along (a certain course); hence, to proceed in the way of; tofollow thepath orcourse of; to pass; to spend. Also, to cause (one) to proceed or follow in (a certain course).
      The evidenceleads me to believe he is guilty.
  2. (intransitive) To guide or conduct, as by accompanying, going before, showing, influencing,directing with authority, etc.; to haveprecedence or preeminence; to be first orchief; — used in most of the senses of the transitive verb.
  3. (heading)To begin, to be ahead.
    1. (transitive) To go or to bein advance of; toprecede; hence, to be foremost or chief among.
      the big sloopled the fleet of yachts;  the Guardsled the attack;  Demosthenesleads the orators of all ages
    2. (intransitive) Toproceedin front of others; to go first.
      The standard-bearersled and the rest of the marchers followed.
    3. (intransitive) To be more advanced intechnology orbusiness than others.
      Itleads in the information technology sector.
    4. (heading, sports)
      1. (transitive, card games, dominoes) Tobegin a game, round, or trick, with
        tolead trumps
        Heled the ace of spades.
      2. (intransitive) To beahead of others, e.g., in arace.
      3. (intransitive) To have the highest interimscore in agame.
      4. (baseball) To step offbase and move towards the next base.
        The batter alwaysleads off base.
      5. (shooting) To aim in front of a movingtarget, in order that theshot may hit the target as it passes.
      6. (transitive, climbing)Lead climb.
  4. (transitive) To draw or direct byinfluence, whether good or bad; to prevail on; toinduce; to entice; to allure
    tolead someone to a righteous cause
  5. (intransitive) To tend or reach in a certaindirection, or to a certain place.
    the pathleads to the mill;  gamblingleads to other vices
    • c.1590–1591 (date written),William Shakespeare, “The Two Gentlemen of Verona”, inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies [] (First Folio), London: [] Isaac Iaggard, andEd[ward] Blount, published1623,→OCLC,[Act V, scene ii]:
      The mountain-foot thatleads towards Mantua.
    • 2013 August 10, “Can China clean up fast enough?”, inThe Economist, volume408, number8848:
      All this hasled to an explosion of protest across China, including among a middle class that has discovered nimbyism. That worries the government, which fears that environmental activism could become the foundation for more general political opposition. It is therefore dealing with pollution in two ways—suppression and mitigation.
  6. Toproduce. [withto]
    The shockled to a change in his behaviour.
    • 2013 August 3, “Yesterday’s fuel”, inThe Economist, volume408, number8847:
      The dawn of the oil age was fairly recent. Although the stuff was used to waterproof boats in the Middle East 6,000 years ago, extracting it in earnest began only in 1859 after an oil strike in Pennsylvania.[]It was used to make kerosene, the main fuel for artificial lighting after overfishingled to a shortage of whale blubber. Other liquids produced in the refining process, too unstable or smoky for lamplight, were burned or dumped.
  7. Misspelling ofled.
  8. (transitive, usually with "life") To live or experience (a particular way of life).
    • 1969, “N.I.B.”, in John Osbourne (lyrics),Black Sabbath, performed by Black Sabbath:
      Follow me now and you will not regret / Leaving the life youled before we met. / You are the first to have this love of mine, / Forever with me till the end of time.
Derived terms
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Related terms
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Translations
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Seelead/translations § Etymology 2.

Noun

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

lead (countable anduncountable,pluralleads)

  1. (countable) The act of leading or conducting; guidance; direction,course
    to take thelead
    to be under thelead of another
    • 1796,Edmund Burke,A Letter from the Right Honourable Edmund Burke to a Noble Lord, on the Attacks Made upon Him and His Pension, [], London: [] J. Owen, [], andF[rancis] and C[harles] Rivington, [],→OCLC:
      At the time I speak of, and having a momentarylead,[] I am sure I did my country important service.
  2. (countable) Precedence; advance position; also, the measure of precedence; the state of being ahead in a race; the highest score in an incomplete game.
    the white horse had thelead.
    to be in thelead
    She lost thelead.
    Smith managed to extend herlead over the second place to half a second.
    • 2010 December 28, Kevin Darlin, “West Brom 1 – 3Blackburn”, inBBC Sport[2]:
      Blackburn then regained thelead with a simplest of set-piece goals
  3. (UK, countable) An insulated metallic wire for electrical devices and equipment.
  4. (baseball) The situation where a runner steps away from a base while waiting for the pitch to be thrown.
    The runner took hislead from first.
  5. (uncountable, card games, dominoes) The act or right of playing first in a game or round; the card suit, or piece, so played
    your partner has thelead
  6. (acting, theater) The main role in a play or film; the lead role.
    • 1932,Delos W. Lovelace,King Kong, published1965, page43:
      "You make moving pictures. In jungles and places." "That's me. And I've picked you for thelead in my next picture."
  7. (acting) The actor who plays the main role; lead actor.
  8. (business) The person in charge of aproject or a work shift etc.
    John is the developmentlead on this software product.
  9. (countable) Achannel ofopenwater in anicefield.
  10. (countable, mining) Alode.
  11. (nautical) The course of a rope from end to end.
  12. A rope, leather strap, or similar device with which to lead an animal; aleash
  13. In a steam engine, the width of port opening which is uncovered by the valve, for the admission or release of steam, at the instant when the piston is at end of its stroke.
    • Usage note: When used alone it meansoutside lead, or lead for the admission of steam.Inside lead refers to the release or exhaust.
  14. (civil engineering) The distance of haul, as from a cutting to an embankment.
  15. (horology) The action of a tooth, such as a tooth of a wheel, in impelling another tooth or a pallet.
  16. Hypothesis that has not been pursued
    The investigation stalled when allleads turned out to be dead ends.
  17. Information obtained by a detective or police officer that allows him or her to discover further details about a crime or incident.
    The police have a couple ofleads they will follow to solve the case.
  18. (marketing) Potential opportunity for a sale or transaction, a potential customer.
    Joe is a great addition to our sales team, he has numerousleads in the paper industry.
  19. Information obtained by a news reporter about an issue or subject that allows him or her to discover more details.
  20. (curling) The player who throws the first two rocks for a team.
  21. (US, journalism) Theintroductoryparagraph or paragraphs of anewspaper, or a news or other type of article. (Sometimes spelled aslede for this usage to avoid ambiguity.)
    Synonym:lead paragraph
  22. An important news story that appears on the front page of a newspaper or at the beginning of a news broadcast
  23. (engineering) The axial distance a screw thread travels in one revolution. It is equal to thepitch times the number ofstarts.
  24. (music) In abarbershop quartet, the person who sings themelody, usually the secondtenor.
  25. (music) The announcement by one voice part of a theme to be repeated by the other parts.
  26. (music) A mark or a short passage in one voice part, as of a canon, serving as a cue for the entrance of others.
  27. (music) A primarysynth, often composed ofsquare,sawtooth,triangle orsinewaveforms.
  28. (engineering) Theexcess above aright angle in theangle between twoconsecutivecranks, as of acompoundengine, on the sameshaft.
  29. (electrical) The angle between the line joining thebrushes of a continuous-currentdynamo and thediametersymmetrical between thepoles.
  30. (electrical) Theadvance of the currentphase in an alternatingcircuit beyond that of theelectromotive force producing it.
Derived terms
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terms derived from the nounlead
Translations
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Seelead/translations § Etymology 2.

Adjective

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lead (notcomparable)

  1. (not comparable)Foremost.
    The contestants are all tied; no one has thelead position.
    • 2006, Ronald Mak,The Martian Principles for Successful Enterprise Systems:
      For the first time ever, the senior architect andlead developer for a key enterprise system on NASA's ongoing Mars Exploration Rover mission shares the secrets to one of the most difficult technology tasks[]
    Synonyms:first,front,head,leader,leading
  2. Main,principal,primary,first,chief,foremost.
    thelead guitarist in band
    thelead developer on a software project
    • 2017 August 25, "Arrest threat as Yingluck Shinawatra misses verdict", in aljazeera.com,Al Jazeera:
      Yingluck Shinawatra, Thailand's ex-prime minister, has missed a verdict in a negligence trial that could have seen her jailed, prompting the Supreme Court to say it will issue an arrest warrant fearing she is a flight risk, according to thelead judge in the case.
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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Verb

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lead

  1. Misspelling ofled.

References

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Anagrams

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Hungarian

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Etymology

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le- +‎ad

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈlɛɒd]
  • Hyphenation:le‧ad
  • Rhymes:-ɒd

Verb

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lead

  1. (transitive) topass down,hand down,turn in,drop off
  2. (transitive) to lose weight, usually as a result of some kind of training or exercise

Conjugation

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Conjugation oflead
Click for archaic forms1st person sg2nd person sg
informal
3rd person sg,
2nd p. 
sg formal
1st person pl2nd person pl
informal
3rd person pl,
2nd p. 
pl formal
indica­tiveindica­tivepre­sentindef.leadokleadszleadleadunkleadtokleadnak
def.leadomleadodleadjaleadjukleadjátokleadják
2nd objleadlak
pastindef.leadtamleadtálleadottleadtunkleadtatokleadtak
def.leadtamleadtadleadtaleadtukleadtátokleadták
2nd objleadtalak
future
Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verbfog, e.g.le fog adni.
archaic
preterite
indef.leadékleadálleadaleadánkleadátokleadának
def.leadámleadádleadáleadánkleadátokleadák
2nd objleadálak
archaic pastTwo additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed byvala (volt), e.g.lead vala,leadott vala/volt.
archaic futureindef.leadandokleadandaszleadandleadandunkleadandotokleadandanak
def.leadandomleadandodleadandjaleadandjukleadandjátokleadandják
2nd objleadandalak
condi­tionalpre­sentindef.leadnékleadnálleadnaleadnánkleadnátokleadnának
def.leadnámleadnádleadnáleadnánk
(or leadnók)
leadnátokleadnák
2nd objleadnálak
pastIndicative past forms followed byvolna, e.g.leadott volna
sub­junc­tivesub­junc­tivepre­sentindef.leadjakleadj or
leadjál
leadjonleadjunkleadjatokleadjanak
def.leadjamleadd or
leadjad
leadjaleadjukleadjátokleadják
2nd objleadjalak
(archaic) pastIndicative past forms followed bylégyen, e.g.leadott légyen
infinitiveleadnileadnomleadnodleadnialeadnunkleadnotokleadniuk
other
forms
verbal nounpresent part.past part.future part.adverbial participlecausative
leadásleadóleadottleadandóleadva (leadván)leadat
The archaic passive conjugation had the same-(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by-ik in the 3rd-person singular
(and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional-ik verbs).
The prefix can split from the verb stem, e.g.nem ad le or le is ad.
Potential conjugation oflead
Click for archaic forms1st person sg2nd person sg
informal
3rd person sg,
2nd p. 
sg formal
1st person pl2nd person pl
informal
3rd person pl,
2nd p. 
pl formal
indica­tiveindica­tivepre­sentindef.leadhatokleadhatszleadhatleadhatunkleadhattokleadhatnak
def.leadhatomleadhatodleadhatjaleadhatjukleadhatjátokleadhatják
2nd objleadhatlak
pastindef.leadhattamleadhattálleadhatottleadhattunkleadhattatokleadhattak
def.leadhattamleadhattadleadhattaleadhattukleadhattátokleadhatták
2nd objleadhattalak
archaic
preterite
indef.leadhatékleadhatálleadhataleadhatánkleadhatátokleadhatának
def.leadhatámleadhatádleadhatáleadhatánkleadhatátokleadhaták
2nd objleadhatálak
archaic pastTwo additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed byvala (volt), e.g.leadhat vala,leadhatott vala/volt.
archaic futureindef.leadhatandok
or leadandhatok
leadhatandasz
or leadandhatsz
leadhatand
or leadandhat
leadhatandunk
or leadandhatunk
leadhatandotok
or leadandhattok
leadhatandanak
or leadandhatnak
def.leadhatandom
or leadandhatom
leadhatandod
or leadandhatod
leadhatandja
or leadandhatja
leadhatandjuk
or leadandhatjuk
leadhatandjátok
or leadandhatjátok
leadhatandják
or leadandhatják
2nd objleadhatandalak
or leadandhatlak
condi­tionalpre­sentindef.leadhatnékleadhatnálleadhatnaleadhatnánkleadhatnátokleadhatnának
def.leadhatnámleadhatnádleadhatnáleadhatnánk
(or leadhatnók)
leadhatnátokleadhatnák
2nd objleadhatnálak
pastIndicative past forms followed byvolna, e.g.leadhatott volna
sub­junc­tivesub­junc­tivepre­sentindef.leadhassakleadhass or
leadhassál
leadhassonleadhassunkleadhassatokleadhassanak
def.leadhassamleadhasd or
leadhassad
leadhassaleadhassukleadhassátokleadhassák
2nd objleadhassalak
(archaic) pastIndicative past forms followed bylégyen, e.g.leadhatott légyen
infinitive(leadhatni)(leadhatnom)(leadhatnod)(leadhatnia)(leadhatnunk)(leadhatnotok)(leadhatniuk)
other
forms
positive adjectivenegative adjectiveadverbial participle
leadhatóleadhatatlan(leadhatva /leadhatván)
The prefix can split from the verb stem, e.g.nem adhat le or le is adhat.

Derived terms

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Expressions

Further reading

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  • lead in Géza Bárczi,László Országh,et al., editors,A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.Fifth ed., 1992:→ISBN.

Middle English

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Noun

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lead

  1. Alternative form ofled(lead)

Old English

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Etymology

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FromProto-West Germanic*laud.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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lēad n

  1. lead

Declension

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Stronga-stem:

singularplural
nominativelēad
accusativelēad
genitivelēades
dativelēade

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Polish

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PolishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediapl

Etymology

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Unadapted borrowing fromEnglishlead.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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lead inan

  1. (newspapers, journalism)leadparagraph,teaser,lead-in(start of a newspaper column, telling who, what, when, where, why and how)

Declension

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Declension oflead
singularplural
nominativeleadleady
genitiveleaduleadów
dativeleadowileadom
accusativeleadleady
instrumentalleademleadami
locativeleadzieleadach
vocativeleadzieleady

Further reading

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  • lead in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=lead&oldid=84217894"
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