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lake

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Lake,Lãke,lakë,lakę,andłąkę

English

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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A mountain lake.

Arose from a conflation of

The first element is related toDutchlaak(stream, drainage ditch, pond),German Low GermanLake,Laak(drainage, marshland),GermanLache(puddle, pool),Norwegianløk(a deep, slow-moving stream; a widening in a stream or river),Faroeseløkur(small brook) andlækja(water hole, well, watershoot in a brook),Icelandiclækur(stream).[1]

Despite their similarity in form and meaning, Old Englishlacu is not related toEnglishlay(lake),Latinlacus(hollow, lake, pond),Scottish Gaelicloch(lake),Ancient Greekλάκκος(lákkos,waterhole, tank, pond, pit), all fromProto-Indo-European*lókus, *l̥kwés(lake, pool).[2]

Noun

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lake (plurallakes)

  1. A large, landlocked stretch ofwater or similar liquid.
    • 1897 December (indicated as1898),Winston Churchill, chapter IV, inThe Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.:The Macmillan Company; London:Macmillan & Co., Ltd.,→OCLC:
      Judge Short had gone to town, and Farrar was off for a three days' cruise up thelake. I was bitterly regretting I had not gone with him when the distant notes of a coach horn reached my ear, and I descried a four-in-hand winding its way up the inn road from the direction of Mohair.
    • 2015 July 31, “Morphologically Cryptic Amphipod Species Are “Ecological Clones” at Regional but Not at Local Scale: A Case Study of Four Niphargus Species”, inPLOS ONE[6],→DOI:
      These included otherNiphargus species from deep cavelakes and coastal anchihaline caves [23 ] andGammarus andEchinogammarus amphipods that live only in permanently watered streams [21 ,24 ].
  2. A large amount ofliquid.
    Synonym:mountain
    alake of wine
    • 1991,Robert DeNiro (actor),Backdraft:
      So you punched out a window for ventilation. Was thatbefore orafter you noticed you were standing in alake of gasoline?
  3. (now chiefly dialectal) A smallstream of runningwater; achannel for water; adrain.
  4. (obsolete) Apit, orditch.
Usage notes
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  • As with the names ofrivers,mounts andmountains, the names of lakes are typically formed by adding the word before or after the unique term:Lake Titicaca orGreat Slave Lake. Generally speaking, names formed using adjectives or attributives seelake added to the end, as withReindeer Lake;lake is usually added before proper names, as withLake Michigan. This derives from the earlier but now uncommon formlake of ~: for instance, the 19th-centuryLake of Annecy is now usually simplyLake Annecy. There are exceptions to this generalization, however, including notably the names of the individualFinger Lakes (e.g.Oneida Lake,Seneca Lake,Cayuga Lake). It frequently occurs, however, that foreign placenames are misunderstood as proper nouns, as with the ChineseTaihu(Great Lake) andQinghai(Blue Sea) being frequently rendered asLake Tai andQinghai Lake.
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Related terms
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Translations
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Seelake/translations § Noun.

See also

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Further reading

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  • lake on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
  • Astell, Ann W. (1999),Political Allegory in Late Medieval England, Cornell University Press,→ISBN, page192.
  • Cameron, Kenneth (1961),English Place Names, B. T. Batsford Limited,→ISBN, page164.
  • Ferguson, Robert (1858),English Surnames: And their Place in the Teutonic Family, G. Routledge & Co., page368.
  • Maetzner, Eduard Adolf Ferdinand (2009),An English Grammar; Methodical, Analytical, and Historical, BiblioBazaar, LLC,→ISBN, page200.
  • Rissanen, Matti (1992),History of Englishes: New Methods and Interpretations in Historical Linguistics, Walter de Gruyter,→ISBN, pages513–514.
  • Sisam, Kenneth (2009),Fourteenth Century Verse and Prose, BiblioBazaar,→ISBN.

Etymology 2

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    FromNorthern Middle Englishlake,lak,lac (alsolaik,layke; Southernloke), fromOld Englishlāc(play, sport, strife, battle, sacrifice, offering, gift, present, booty, message), fromProto-West Germanic*laik, fromProto-Germanic*laikaz(game, dance, hymn, sport), fromProto-Indo-European*leyg-(to bounce, shake, tremble). Cognate withOld High Germanleih(song, melody, music),Old Norseleikr (whenceDanishleg(game),Swedishleka(to play)), andGothic𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌺𐍃(laiks,dance).Doublet oflek.

    Verb form partly fromMiddle Englishlaken, fromOld Englishlacan, fromProto-Germanic*laikaną, fromProto-Indo-European*leyg-. More atlay,-lock.

    Alternative forms

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    Noun

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    EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia

    lake (plurallakes)

    1. (obsolete) Anoffering,sacrifice,gift.
    2. (dialectal)Play;sport;game;fun;glee.
    Related terms
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    Verb

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    lake (third-person singular simple presentlakes,present participlelaking,simple past and past participlelaked)

    1. (obsolete) Topresent anoffering.
    2. (dialectal, Northern, UK) Toleap,jump,exert oneself,play.
    3. Subjectbiologicalcells to repeated cycles offreezing andthawing untillysis.

    Etymology 3

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    FromMiddle Englishlake, fromOld English*lacen orMiddle Dutchlaken; both fromProto-Germanic*lakaną(linen; cloth; sheet). Cognate withDutchlake(linen),Dutchlaken(linen; bedsheet),GermanLaken,Danishlagan,Swedishlakan,Icelandiclak,lakan.

    Noun

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    lake (plurallakes)

    1. (obsolete) A kind of fine, whitelinen.

    Etymology 4

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    FromFrenchlaque(lacquer), fromPersianلاک(lâk), fromHindiलाख(lākh), fromSanskritलाक्षा(lākṣā).Doublet oflac andlacquer.

    Noun

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    lake (countable anduncountable,plurallakes)

    1. In dyeing and painting, an oftenfugitivecrimson orvermilion pigment derived from an organic colorant (cochineal ormadder, for example) and an inorganic, generally metallicmordant.
      Synonym:lac
      • 1954 August, Basil M. Bazley, “Three Scottish Railways”, inRailway Magazine, page534:
        The colour scheme of the North British Railway—dark gamboge for the engines andlake for the coaches—looked very smart when new and clean, but these shades did not possess good wearing qualities.
      • 1997,Thomas Pynchon, chapter 24, inMason & Dixon, 1st US edition, New York:Henry Holt and Company,→ISBN, part One: Latitudes and Departures,page242:
        Jeremiah found himself indoors, perfecting his Draftsmanship, bending all day over the work-table, grinding and mixing his own Inks,— siftings and splashes ev'rywhere of King's Yellow, Azure, red Orpiment, Indianlake, Verdigris, Indigo, and Umber.
    2. In the composition of colors for use in products intended for human consumption, made by extending on a substratum of alumina, a salt prepared from one of the certified water-soluble straight colors.
      The name of alake prepared by extending the aluminum salt prepared from FD&C Blue No. 1 upon the substratum would be FD&C Blue No. 1--AluminumLake.
    Derived terms
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    Translations
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    a kind of coloring agent

    Verb

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    lake (third-person singular simple presentlakes,present participlelaking,simple past and past participlelaked)

    1. To make lake-red.

    References

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    1. ^lake,n.3.”, inOED OnlinePaid subscription required, Oxford:Oxford University Press, September 2021.
    2. ^Kroonen, Guus (2013), “Lagu-”, inEtymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series;11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston:Brill,→ISBN

    Anagrams

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    Albanian

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    Verb

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    lake

    1. second-personsingularpresent admirative oflaj

    Baltic Romani

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    Pronoun

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    lake

    1. (Litovska)dative ofjoj

    Declension

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    Litovska/Lithuanian Romani personal pronouns
    singularpluralreflexive
    1st person2nd person3rd person1st person2nd person3rd person
    mf
    Nominativetujoujojamētumējonē-
    Accusative/
    Independent Oblique
    mantutlēslaamēntumēnlēnpes
    Dativemangetukelēskelakeamēngetumēngelēngepēske
    Ablative[1]mandyrtutyrlēstyrlatyramēndyrtumēndyrlēndyrpēstyr
    Genitivemmirotyrolēskirolakiroamarotumarolēngiropēskiro
    fmirityrilēskirilakiriamaritumarilēngiripēskiri
    plmirētyrēlēskirēlakirēamarētumarēlēngirēpēskirē
    Locativemandētutēlēstēlatēamēndētumēndēlēndēpēstē
    Instrumentalmansatusalēsalasaamēncatumēncalēnsapēsa
    Enclitic Reflexivemanpeamēnpe-
    1. ^The ablative is in decline in Lithuanian Romani

    Dutch

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    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    lake

    1. (dated or formal)singularpresentsubjunctive oflaken

    Anagrams

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    Mauritian Creole

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    Etymology

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    FromFrenchqueue.

    Noun

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    lake

    1. tail
    2. queue

    References

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    • Baker, Philip & Hookoomsing, Vinesh Y. 1987.Dictionnaire de créole mauricien. Morisyen – English – Français

    Norwegian Bokmål

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    NorwegianWikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipediano

    Etymology 1

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    FromLow Germanlake.

    Noun

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    lake m (definite singularlaken,indefinite plurallaker,definite plurallakene)

    1. (preservative)pickle,brine

    Etymology 2

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    NorwegianWikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipediano

    FromOld Norselaki.

    Noun

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    lake m (definite singularlaken,indefinite plurallaker,definite plurallakene)

    1. (fish)burbot,eelpout(speciesLota lota)

    Etymology 3

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    As for Etymology 1.

    Verb

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    lake

    1. topickle, put inbrine

    References

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    Norwegian Nynorsk

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    Norwegian NynorskWikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipediann

    Etymology 1

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    FromLow Germanlake. CompareDanishlage andSwedishlake.

    Alternative forms

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    Noun

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    lake m (definite singularlaken,indefinite plurallakar,definite plurallakane)

    1. (preservative)pickle,brine

    Etymology 2

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    Norwegian NynorskWikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipediann

    FromOld Norselaki.

    Noun

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    lake m (definite singularlaken,indefinite plurallakar,definite plurallakane)

    1. (fish)burbot,eelpout(speciesLota lota)

    Etymology 3

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    As for Etymology 1.

    Verb

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    lake

    1. topickle, put inbrine

    References

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    Serbo-Croatian

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    Adjective

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    lake (Cyrillic spellingлаке)

    1. inflection oflak:
      1. masculineaccusativeplural
      2. femininegenitivesingular
      3. femininenominative/accusative/vocativeplural

    Seychellois Creole

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    Etymology

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    FromFrenchqueue.

    Noun

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    lake

    1. tail
    2. queue

    References

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    • Danielle D’Offay et Guy Lionnet,Diksyonner Kreol - Franse / Dictionnaire Créole Seychellois - Français

    Swahili

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    Adjective

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    lake

    1. ji class(V) inflected form of-ake

    Swedish

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    Etymology 1

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    Borrowed fromMiddle Low Germanlâke(brine; standing water), fromOld Saxon*laca, fromProto-West Germanic*laku(steam, pool).[1][2]

    Noun

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    lake c

    1. brine
    Declension
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    Declension oflake
    nominativegenitive
    singularindefinitelakelakes
    definitelakenlakens
    pluralindefinitelakarlakars
    definitelakarnalakarnas

    References

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    1. ^Hellquist, Elof (1922), “1. lake”, inSvensk etymologisk ordbok [Swedish etymological dictionary]‎[2] (in Swedish), Lund: C. W. K. Gleerups förlag,page394
    2. ^lake”, inSvenska Akademiens ordbok[Dictionary of the Swedish Academy][3] (in Swedish),1937

    Etymology 2

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    SwedishWikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipediasv

    FromOld Norselaki.[1][2]

    Noun

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    lake c

    1. burbot (Lota lota spp.)
      Synonym:(colloquial)slemhelge
    Declension
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    Declension oflake
    nominativegenitive
    singularindefinitelakelakes
    definitelakenlakens
    pluralindefinitelakarlakars
    definitelakarnalakarnas

    References

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    1. ^Hellquist, Elof (1922), “2. lake”, inSvensk etymologisk ordbok [Swedish etymological dictionary]‎[4] (in Swedish), Lund: C. W. K. Gleerups förlag,pages394-395
    2. ^lake”, inSvenska Akademiens ordbok[Dictionary of the Swedish Academy][5] (in Swedish),1937

    Anagrams

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    Turkish

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    Etymology

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    FromFrenchlaqué.[1]

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /ˈla.ce/
    • Hyphenation:la‧ke

    Adjective

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    lake

    1. Polished withlacquer.

    Declension

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    Predicative forms oflake
    present tense
    positive declarativepositive interrogative
    ben(I am)lakeyimlake miyim?
    sen(you are)lakesinlake misin?
    o(he/she/it is)lake / lakedirlake mi?
    biz(we are)lakeyizlake miyiz?
    siz(you are)lakesinizlake misiniz?
    onlar(they are)lake(ler)lake(ler) mi?
    past tense
    positive declarativepositive interrogative
    ben(I was)lakeydimlake miydim?
    sen(you were)lakeydinlake miydin?
    o(he/she/it was)lakeydilake miydi?
    biz(we were)lakeydiklake miydik?
    siz(you were)lakeydinizlake miydiniz?
    onlar(they were)lakeydilerlake miydiler?
    indirect past
    positive declarativepositive interrogative
    ben(I was)lakeymişimlake miymişim?
    sen(you were)lakeymişsinlake miymişsin?
    o(he/she/it was)lakeymişlake miymiş?
    biz(we were)lakeymişizlake miymişiz?
    siz(you were)lakeymişsinizlake miymişsiniz?
    onlar(they were)lakeymişlerlake miymişler?
    conditional
    positive declarativepositive interrogative
    ben(if I)lakeysemlake miysem?
    sen(if you)lakeysenlake miysen?
    o(if he/she/it)lakeyselake miyse?
    biz(if we)lakeyseklake miysek?
    siz(if you)lakeysenizlake miyseniz?
    onlar(if they)lakeyselerlake miyseler?

    For negative forms, use the appropriate form ofdeğil.

    Related terms

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    References

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    1. ^Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “lake”, inNişanyan Sözlük

    Further reading

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    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=lake&oldid=88286835"
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