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kun

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "kun"
Languages (30)
Translingual • English
Bikol Central • Czech • Danish • Dutch • Esperanto • Finnish • Hokkien • Hungarian • Ido • Japanese • Kavalan • Linngithigh • Maltese • Mandarin • Middle English • Norwegian Bokmål • Nupe • Polish • Somali • Southeastern Tepehuan • Sumerian • Tagalog • Unami • Uzbek • Volapük • Wik-Mungkan • Yámana • Yola
Page categories

Translingual

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Symbol

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kun

  1. (international standards)ISO 639-3language code forKunama.

See also

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English

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Etymology

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FromJapanese訓読み(kun'yomi), literally "meaning reading" (i.e. pronunciation based on meaning).

Noun

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kun (uncountable)

  1. In the Japanese language, the pronunciation, or reading, of akanji character as a native Japanese word that means what the character represents, contrasted withon.
    Most kanji have two kinds of reading, called "on" and "kun".

Related terms

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Anagrams

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Bikol Central

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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kun (Basahan spellingᜃᜓᜈ᜔)

  1. if,unless
    Synonym:komo
    Kun may dudumanon ka, maiba lugod ako saimo.
    If you're going somewhere, I'll come with you then.

Preposition

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kun (Basahan spellingᜃᜓᜈ᜔)

  1. when;at (oras soon as) that time that;if
    Synonym:pag
    Kun mabanggi na, nagluluwas man an mga bituon.
    When the night comes, the stars come out also.

Czech

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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kun

  1. genitiveplural ofkuna

Danish

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Etymology

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Olderikkun, a contraction ofOld Danishækkeuten(nothing but), fromOld Norseekki(not) andútan(without, except).

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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kun

  1. only

Synonyms

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Dutch

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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kun

  1. (in case ofinversion)second-personsingularpresentindicative ofkunnen
    Kun jij iets doen voor mij?
    Can you do something for me?

Usage notes

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  • As is usual in Dutch, the-t is dropped when the pronounjij / je follows the verb:je kunt > kun je. The verbskunnen andzullen are unusual, however, insofar as the resulting form is not identical to the first-person singular. The formkan je is in fact a common alternative, but it is more informal and may even be considered substandard by some.

Esperanto

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Etymology

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FromItaliancon,Latincum.

Pronunciation

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Preposition

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kun

  1. in the company of,with
  2. in addition to
  3. characteristic considered separately from the whole
    • 1961, L. L. Zamenhof,Proverbaro esperanta:
      Vorto dirita en ĝusta tempo estas kiel oraj pomojkun arĝentaj ŝeloj.
      A word said at the right time is like golden appleswith silver skins.

Derived terms

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prefix
adverb
verbs

Finnish

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Etymology

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The singular instructive case ofkuka. Originally a lesser used variant ofkuin; modern differences between the two were introduced when the language was standardized.

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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kun

  1. when,as,while(temporal: at the same time or instant that)
    Sain viestisi,kun olin jo matkalla lentokentälle.
    I got your messagewhen I was already on my way to the airport.
    Hän ilmestyi antamaan ohjeita,kun olin jo saanut työn valmiiksi.
    He showed up to give instructionswhen I had already finished the job.
  2. as soon as,once;expresses that the event of the main clause takes place immediately after that of the subclause, often used with the clitic-han
    Tulen tapaamaan sinua,kun(han) saan tämän valmiiksi.
    I will come to see youas soon as I finish this job.
  3. as,because,since(considering that)
    Hän menetti työpaikkansa,kun tuli aina myöhässä.
    She lost her jobbecause she was always late.
    En voi tulla huomenna, minullakun on aamuvuoro.
    I cannot come tomorrowas I have the morning shift.
  4. Synonym ofkunpa

Derived terms

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Related terms

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Pronoun

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kun(dialectal or colloquial, not inflected)

  1. (relative)that,who,which,where
    Synonyms:joka,ken
    Täällä on eräs mies,kun haluaisi tavata johtajaa. [standard: Täällä on eräs mies,joka haluaisi tavata johtajaa.]
    There's a certain man herewho'd like to see the leader.
    Kuka se on,kun huutaa? [standard: Kuka se on,ken huutaa?]
    Who is thatwho is shouting?

Further reading

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Hokkien

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For pronunciation and definitions ofkun – see (“sovereign;monarch;ruler;chief;prince;lord;lord; etc.”).
(This term is thepe̍h-ōe-jī form of).
For pronunciation and definitions ofkun – see (“armed forces;army;troops;corps;army; etc.”).
(This term is thepe̍h-ōe-jī form of).
For pronunciation and definitions ofkun – see (“equal;uniform;fair;all; etc.”).
(This term is thepe̍h-ōe-jī form of).
For pronunciation and definitions ofkun – see (“asquareitem ofcloth;towel;kerchief;piece ofclothingworn on thehead inChina”).
(This term is thepe̍h-ōe-jī form of).
For pronunciation and definitions ofkun – see (“catty, a unit ofweight;axe;hatchet; etc.”).
(This term is thepe̍h-ōe-jī form of).
For pronunciation and definitions ofkun – see (“root;base;basis;foundation; etc.”).
(This term is thepe̍h-ōe-jī form of).
For pronunciation and definitions ofkun – see (“tendon;sinew;muscle; etc.”).
(This term is thepe̍h-ōe-jī form of).
For pronunciation and definitions ofkun – see (“heel; tofollow; etc.”).
(This term is thepe̍h-ōe-jī form of).
For pronunciation and definitions ofkun – see (“ancientunit ofmeasureequivalent to 30catties or 15kilograms; etc.”).
(This term is thepe̍h-ōe-jī form of).

Hungarian

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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kun (pluralkunok)

  1. Cuman(member of a nomadic Turkic people of central Asia)

Declension

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Inflection (stem in-o-, back harmony)
singularplural
nominativekunkunok
accusativekuntkunokat
dativekunnakkunoknak
instrumentalkunnalkunokkal
causal-finalkunértkunokért
translativekunnákunokká
terminativekunigkunokig
essive-formalkunkéntkunokként
essive-modal
inessivekunbankunokban
superessivekunonkunokon
adessivekunnálkunoknál
illativekunbakunokba
sublativekunrakunokra
allativekunhozkunokhoz
elativekunbólkunokból
delativekunrólkunokról
ablativekuntólkunoktól
non-attributive
possessive – singular
kunékunoké
non-attributive
possessive – plural
kunéikunokéi
Possessive forms ofkun
possessorsingle possessionmultiple possessions
1st person sing.kunomkunjaim
2nd person sing.kunodkunjaid
3rd person sing.kunjakunjai
1st person pluralkununkkunjaink
2nd person pluralkunotokkunjaitok
3rd person pluralkunjukkunjaik

Further reading

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  • kun inBárczi, Géza andLászló Országh.A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.:ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992:→ISBN

Ido

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Preposition

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kun

  1. with
    Ilu iriskun elu a la parko.
    He wentwith her to the park.

Japanese

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Romanization

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kun

  1. Rōmaji transcription ofくん

Kavalan

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromHokkien(kûn,skirt).

Noun

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kun

  1. pants;trousers
  2. skirt;sarong

Linngithigh

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Adverb

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kun

  1. now

Maltese

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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kun

  1. second-personsingularimperative ofkien

Mandarin

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Romanization

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kun

  1. Nonstandard spelling ofkūn.
  2. Nonstandard spelling ofkǔn.
  3. Nonstandard spelling ofkùn.

Usage notes

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  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the criticaltonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Middle English

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Noun

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kun

  1. Alternative form ofkyn

Norwegian Bokmål

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Etymology

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FromDanishkun.

Adverb

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kun

  1. only,merely

Synonyms

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Nupe

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Etymology

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Cognate withGbariknu.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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kun

  1. to beenough; to besufficient

Polish

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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kun f

  1. genitiveplural ofkuna

Somali

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Etymology

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FromProto-Cushitic*kum-.

Numeral

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kun

  1. thousand

References

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  • “kun” In: Abdullah Umar Mansur (1985)Qaamuska Afsoomaliga.

Southeastern Tepehuan

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Etymology

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FromProto-Uto-Aztecan*kuna.

Noun

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kun (third person singular possessionkunaaꞌn)

  1. husband

Derived terms

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References

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  • R. de Willett, Elizabeth, et al. (2016)Diccionario tepehuano de Santa María Ocotán, Durango (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”;48)‎[2] (in Spanish), electronic edition,Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page115

Sumerian

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Romanization

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kun

  1. Romanization of𒆲(kun)

Tagalog

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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kun (Baybayin spellingᜃᜓᜈ᜔)

  1. Obsolete form ofkung.

Preposition

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kun (Baybayin spellingᜃᜓᜈ᜔)

  1. Obsolete form ofkung.

Unami

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Noun

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kun anim

  1. ice,snow (on the ground)

Derived terms

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References

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  • Rementer, Jim with Pearson, Bruce L. (2005) “kun”, in Leneaux, Grant, Whritenour, Raymond, editors,The Lenape Talking Dictionary, The Lenape Language Preservation Project

Uzbek

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Other scripts
Yangi Imloكۇن
Cyrillicкун
Latinkun
Perso-Arabic
(Afghanistan)
کون

Etymology

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Inherited fromChagataiکون(kūn/⁠kün⁠/,sun; day), fromProto-Turkic*kün(sun; day). Cognate withUyghurكۈن /kün /күн;Turkmengün,Azerbaijaniگون /ҝүн /gün,Turkishgün; etc.

Pronunciation

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  • (Uzbekistani standard)IPA(key): /kʊn/,[k̟ʰʏn]
  • (Khorazm)IPA(key): /ɡʊn/
  • Hyphenation:kun

Noun

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kun (pluralkunlar)

  1. day
  2. sun

Declension

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Declension ofkun
singularplural
nominativekunkunlar
genitivekunningkunlarning
dativekungakunlarga
definite accusativekunnikunlarni
locativekundakunlarda
ablativekundankunlardan
similativekundekkunlardek
Possessive forms ofkun
1st person singular
singularplural
nominativekunimkunlarim
genitivekunimningkunlarimning
dativekunimgakunlarimga
definite accusativekunimnikunlarimni
locativekunimdakunlarimda
ablativekunimdankunlarimdan
similativekunimdekkunlarimdek
2nd person singular
singularplural
nominativekuningkunlaring
genitivekuningningkunlaringning
dativekuninggakunlaringga
definite accusativekuningnikunlaringni
locativekuningdakunlaringda
ablativekuningdankunlaringdan
similativekuningdekkunlaringdek
3rd person singular
singularplural
nominativekunikunlari
genitivekuniningkunlarining
dativekunigakunlariga
definite accusativekuninikunlarini
locativekunidakunlarida
ablativekunidankunlaridan
similativekunidekkunlaridek
1st person plural
singularplural
nominativekunimizkunlarimiz
genitivekunimizningkunlarimizning
dativekunimizgakunlarimizga
definite accusativekunimiznikunlarimizni
locativekunimizdakunlarimizda
ablativekunimizdankunlarimizdan
similativekunimizdekkunlarimizdek
2nd person plural
singularplural
nominativekuningizkunlaringiz
genitivekuningizningkunlaringizning
dativekuningizgakunlaringizga
definite accusativekuningiznikunlaringizni
locativekuningizdakunlaringizda
ablativekuningizdankunlaringizdan
similativekuningizdekkunlaringizdek
3rd person plural
singularplural
nominativekunikunlari
genitivekuniningkunlarining
dativekunigakunlariga
definite accusativekuninikunlarini
locativekunidakunlarida
ablativekunidankunlaridan
similativekunidekkunlaridek

Volapük

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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kun (nominative pluralkuns)

  1. cow
    • 1932, Arie de Jong,Leerboek der Wereldtaal, page19:
      Hifeilan at dalabom jevodis tel ekunis deg.
      This farmer owns two horses and tencows.

Declension

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Declension ofkun
singularplural
nominativekunkuns
genitivekunakunas
dativekunekunes
accusativekunikunis
vocative1okun!okuns!
predicative2kunukunus

1 status as a case is disputed
2 in later, non-classical Volapük only

Synonyms

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Antonyms

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Derived terms

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  • kunül(cow calf, female calf)

Related terms

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Wik-Mungkan

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Noun

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kun

  1. excrement,faeces,shit

Synonyms

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Yámana

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Noun

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kun

  1. oil

Yola

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromIrishcun(stoutness, thickness).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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kun

  1. Amasculine,forward woman, abrazen face.

References

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  • Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor,A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published1867,page51
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