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kula

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "kula"
Languages (30)
English
Balinese • Bangi • Cebuano • Czech • Hawaiian • Hungarian • Javanese • Khalaj • Lindu • Lingala • Malay • Mudburra • Ngarrindjeri • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Old Javanese • Pagu • Pali • Polish • Serbo-Croatian • Sidamo • Sotho • Sranan Tongo • Swahili • Swedish • Tabaru • Tagalog • Turkish • Zacatepec Chatino
Page categories

English

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Etymology 1

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From aSouth Slavic language, fromTurkishkule, fromPersianقله(qolle), fromArabicقُلَّة(qulla,“pinnacle, zenith”).

Noun

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kula (pluralkulas)

  1. Atower,turret orsteeple inSoutheast Europe erected during the period ofOttoman domination on the area.
    • 1867, Georgina Mary Muir Mackenzie, Lady Georgina Mary Muir Sebright, Mackenzie Sebright, Adeline Paulina Irby,Travels in the Slavonic Provinces of Turkey-in-Europe,pages107–108:
      Instead of the haïdooks, their next of kin, the zaptiés now hold akula on the highest point of the pass; here one pauses to rest after scrambling up the vile Turkish road on one side of the ravine, and before scrambling down the vile Turkish road on the other.
    • 1998, Adil Zulfikarpašić, Milovan Djilas, Nadežda Gaće,The Bosniak,page 5:
      The most importantkulas of the Čengić-begs are those in Zagorje, in Rataji and the River Odžak near Ustikolina.
    • 1998, Miranda Vickers,Between Serb and Albanian,page111:
      Thekulas were indeed like fortresses, with as many as twenty 'guns', i.e. adult men ready to fight.

Etymology 2

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From aMelanesian language.[1]

Noun

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kula (uncountable)

  1. Aceremonialexchangesystem conducted in the Milne Bay Province ofPapua New Guinea, involving the exchange ofbracelets andnecklaces, and linked topoliticalauthority.

References

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  1. ^“kula,n.”, inOED OnlinePaid subscription required⁠, Oxford:Oxford University Press, launched 2000.

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Balinese

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromOld Javanesekula(“family; descent, origin”), fromSanskritकुल(kula,“family; clan; lineage; herd; flock”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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kula (Balinese scriptᬓᬸᬮ)

  1. family

Derived terms

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References

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  • “kula”, inBalinese–Indonesian Dictionary[Kamus Bahasa Bali–Indonesia] (in Balinese), Denpasar, Indonesia: The Linguistic Center of Bali Province[Balai Bahasa Provinsi Bali].

Bangi

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Verb

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kula

  1. toobtain

Cebuano

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Noun

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kula

  1. glue; or any sticky adhesive substance

Verb

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kula

  1. toglue; tojoin orattach something using glue

Czech

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Pronunciation

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Participle

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kula

  1. inflection ofkout:
    1. femininesingularpastactiveparticiple
    2. neuterpluralpastactiveparticiple

Hawaiian

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈku.la/,[ˈku.lə]

Etymology 1

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FromProto-Polynesian*tula(“bald, bare”). Cognate withTongantula(“bald”).

Noun

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kula

  1. (dry)field,pasture
    kulamauʻu
    meadow, field of grass
  2. plain,opencountry
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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From Proto-Central-Eastern Polynesian *tura "container".

Noun

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kula

  1. (rare)basket-like fishtrap
  2. container
  3. source
    kula waiwai ―source of income

Etymology 3

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Borrowed fromEnglishschool.

Noun

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kula

  1. school
Derived terms
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Etymology 4

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Borrowed fromEnglishgold. Displacedʻulaʻula

Noun

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kula

  1. gold
    Synonym:ʻulaʻula

Verb

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kula

  1. (stative)golden

Further reading

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Hungarian

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromRomanikhul(“shit”).[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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kula (pluralkulák)

  1. (slang)shit
    Synonym:szar

Declension

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Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
singularplural
nominativekulakulák
accusativekulátkulákat
dativekulánakkuláknak
instrumentalkulávalkulákkal
causal-finalkuláértkulákért
translativekulávákulákká
terminativekuláigkulákig
essive-formalkulakéntkulákként
essive-modal——
inessivekulábankulákban
superessivekulánkulákon
adessivekulánálkuláknál
illativekulábakulákba
sublativekulárakulákra
allativekuláhozkulákhoz
elativekulábólkulákból
delativekulárólkulákról
ablativekulátólkuláktól
non-attributive
possessive – singular		kuláékuláké
non-attributive
possessive – plural		kuláéikulákéi
Possessive forms ofkula
possessorsingle possessionmultiple possessions
1st person sing.kulámkuláim
2nd person sing.kuládkuláid
3rd person sing.kulájakulái
1st person pluralkulánkkuláink
2nd person pluralkulátokkuláitok
3rd person pluralkulájukkuláik

References

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  1. ^“kula”, in Edina Szabó,A magyar börtönszleng szótára [A Dictionary of Hungarian Prison Slang] (Szlengkutatás; 5)‎[1], Debrecen: Kossuth Egyetemi Kiadó,→ISBN, page140, 2008.

Javanese

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Romanization

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kula

  1. romanization ofꦏꦸꦭ

Khalaj

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Perso-Arabicکُله

Etymology

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Ultimately fromPersianکل(kol).

Pronunciation

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  • (Mansûrâbâdî)IPA(key): [qulɒ]
  • (Xarrâbî)IPA(key): [kʊla(ː)],[ku̞laː]

Adjective

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kula (comparativekulatar)

  1. short,small

References

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Lindu

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Noun

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kula

  1. ginger

Lingala

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Verb

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-kula (infinitivekokula)

  1. toobtain

Malay

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Etymology

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FromJavaneseꦏꦸꦭ(kula).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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kula (Jawi spellingکولا,pluralkula-kulaorkula2)

  1. (Javanese)slave

Pronoun

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kula (Jawi spellingکولا)

  1. (Javanese, possibly obsolete)I (me,my)

Synonyms

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Further reading

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Mudburra

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Particle

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kula

  1. not (negative particle)

Ngarrindjeri

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Noun

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kula

  1. maleshe oaktree.

Norwegian Bokmål

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Alternative forms

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Noun

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kula f

  1. definitefemininesingular ofkule

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Noun

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kula f

  1. definitesingular ofkule

Old Javanese

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromSanskritकुल(kula,“family; clan; lineage; herd; flock”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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kula

  1. family
  2. descent,origin

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Noun

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kula

  1. wife of lower rank, second wife to the queen

Derived terms

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References

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  • "kula" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson,Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Pagu

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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kula

  1. togive
    O ngeweka gena moikula o pipi.
    That womangave me money.

References

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  • Perangin Angin, Dalan Mehuli (2023),Kamus Pagu-Indonesia-Inggris, Jakarta: Penerbit BRIN

Pali

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Alternative forms

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Alternative scripts

Etymology

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Inherited fromSanskritकुल(kula).

Noun

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kula n

  1. clan,caste,family

Declension

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Declension table of "kula" (neuter)
Case \ NumberSingularPlural
Nominative (first)kulaṃkulāniorkulā
Accusative (second)kulaṃkulāniorkule
Instrumental (third)kulenakulehiorkulebhi
Dative (fourth)kulassaorkulāyaorkulatthaṃkulānaṃ
Ablative (fifth)kulasmāorkulamhāorkulākulehiorkulebhi
Genitive (sixth)kulassakulānaṃ
Locative (seventh)kulasmiṃorkulamhiorkulekulesu
Vocative (calling)kulakulāniorkulā

Descendants

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References

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Pali Text Society (1921–1925), “kula”, inPali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead

Polish

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PolishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediapl

Etymology

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Apparentlyborrowed fromMiddle High Germankūle. In most senses cognate withGermanKugel,[1] in the sense “crutch” cognate withGermanKeule.[2]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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kula f (diminutivekulka)

  1. ball(spherical object)
    kula śnieżna ―snowball
  2. (mathematics, geometry, topology)ball
  3. bullet
  4. crutch
    chodzić okulach ―to walk oncrutches
  5. (sports)shot(the heavy iron ball)
    pchnięciekulą ―shot put
  6. (Central Greater Poland, humorous or Western Greater Poland, Chełmno, figuratively)synonym ofgłowa
  7. (Kociewie)crookedstick with which avillageheadconvenes avillage
  8. (Eastern Kraków, Gmina Stopnica)synonym ofkłonica(“stanchion of awagon”)

Declension

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Declension ofkula
singularplural
nominativekulakule
genitivekulikul/kuli
dativekulikulom
accusativekulękule
instrumentalkuląkulami
locativekulikulach
vocativekulokule

Derived terms

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proverb

Descendants

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See also

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References

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  1. ^Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “kula I”, inSłownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa:PWN
  2. ^Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “kula II”, inSłownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa:PWN

Further reading

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  • kula inWielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • kula in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • Oskar Kolberg (1877), “kula”, in “Rzecz o mowie ludu wielkopolskiego”, inZbiór wiadomości do antropologii krajowéj (in Polish), volume 1, III (Materyjały etnologiczne), page19
  • Oskar Kolberg (1877), “kula”, in “Rzecz o mowie ludu wielkopolskiego”, inZbiór wiadomości do antropologii krajowéj (in Polish), volume 1, III (Materyjały etnologiczne), page27
  • Gustaw Pobłocki (1887), “kula”, inSłownik kaszubski z dodatkiem idyotyzmów chełmińskich i kociewskich (in Polish), 2 edition, Chełmno, page134
  • Gustaw Pobłocki (1887), “kula”, inSłownik kaszubski z dodatkiem idyotyzmów chełmińskich i kociewskich (in Polish), 2 edition, Chełmno, page153
  • Hieronim Łopaciński (1892), “kula”, in “Przyczynki do nowego słownika języka polskiego (słownik wyrazów ludowych z Lubelskiego i innych okolic Królestwa Polskiego)”, inPrace Filologiczne (in Polish), volume 4, Warsaw: skł. gł. w Księgarni E. Wende i Ska, page211

Anagrams

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Serbo-Croatian

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Etymology

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Etymology tree
Arabicقُلَّة(qulla)bor.
Ottoman Turkishقله(kulle)bor.
Serbo-Croatiankula

    Borrowed fromOttoman Turkishقله(kulle).

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /kǔːla/
    • Hyphenation:ku‧la

    Noun

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    kúla f (Cyrillic spellingку́ла)

    1. tower
      Synonym:tóranj
      Mominakula ―Maiden'sTower (also known asLeander's Tower)
    2. turret
      Synonyms:kùpola,tóranj
    3. belfry,steeple
      Synonym:zvònīk
    4. (chess)rook
      Synonym:tȍp

    Declension

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    Declension ofkula
    singularplural
    nominativekúlakȗle
    genitivekúlēkúlā
    dativekúlikùlama
    accusativekúlukȗle
    vocativekȗlokȗle
    locativekúlikùlama
    instrumentalkúlōmkùlama

    See also

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    Chess pieces in Serbo-Croatian ·šahovskefigure /шаховскефигуре(layout ·text)
    ♚♛♜♝♞♟
    kralj
    краљ    		dama,kraljica
    дама,краљица    		top,kula
    топ,кула    		lovac,trkač,laufer
    ловац,тркач,лауфер    		skakač,konj
    скакач,коњ    		pješak,pešak,pion,pijun
    пјешак,пешак,пион,пијун

    Sidamo

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    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /ˈkula/
    • Hyphenation:ku‧la

    Verb

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    kula

    1. (transitive) totell

    References

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    • Kazuhiro Kawachi (2007),A grammar of Sidaama (Sidamo), a Cushitic language of Ethiopia, page30
    • Gizaw Shimelis, editor (2007), “kula”, inSidaama-Amharic-English dictionary, Addis Ababa: Sidama Information and Culture department

    Sotho

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    Etymology

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    Cognate withSwahili-ugua.

    Thisetymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

    Verb

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    kula

    1. to besick/ill

    Sranan Tongo

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    Etymology

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    Probably fromKongokula(“to cast off, to drive off”), fromProto-Bantu*-kUd-a(“pull”).[1]

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /kula/,[kula̠],[kulɑ̟]

    Noun

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    kula

    1. boatpole

    Verb

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    kula

    1. topole a boat

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    References

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    1. ^Norval Smith (2015), “A preliminary list of probable Kikongo (KiKoongo) lexical items in the Surinam Creoles”, inP. Muysken, N. Smith, editors,Surviving the Middle Passage: The West Africa-Surinam Sprachbund, Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton,→ISBN, page436

    Swahili

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    Etymology

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    Inherited fromProto-Bantu*kʊ̀dɪ́a.

    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    kula (verbal noun of theku class)

    1. infinitive of-la.

    Swedish

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    SwedishWikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipediasv

    Etymology

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    FromOld Norsekúla(“lump, swelling”), with the meaning of "sphere" influenced byMiddle Low Germankule(“depression, bulge”) andGermanKugel(“ball, sphere, bullet”).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    kula c

    1. a smallball made of earthenware, glass (marble) or a similar hard material; of steel in a ball bearing;sphere
    2. atesticle
      Synonym:pungkula
    3. abullet
      Enkula träffade honom rakt i tinningen.
      Abullet hit him right in the temple.
    4. aden (inhabited cavern or hollow)
      lejonkula
      lion'sden
      rövarkula
      den of robbers
    5. (slang, chiefly in theplural)money
      Jag har tjänat massakulor med den här bilen.
      I've made tons ofcash with this car.
    6. (heraldry)roundel
    7. (athletics)shot put (athletics event)
      Synonym:kulstötning
    8. (of icecream)scoop

    Declension

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    Declension ofkula
    nominativegenitive
    singularindefinitekulakulas
    definitekulankulans
    pluralindefinitekulorkulors
    definitekulornakulornas

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    See also

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    References

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    Tabaru

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    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    kula

    1. (ditransitive) togive

    References

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    • Edward A. Kotynski (1988), “Tabaru phonology and morphology”, inWork Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session, volume32, Summer Institute of Linguistics

    Tagalog

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    Etymology 1

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    Possibly fromSpanishcolar(“to sift; to strain”).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    kulá (Baybayin spellingᜃᜓᜎ)

    1. bleaching ofclothes under thesun(usually with blueing)
      Synonym:pagkukula
    2. clothes beingbleached under thesun
    Derived terms
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    Etymology 2

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    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    kula (Baybayin spellingᜃᜓᜎ)(botany)

    1. Geodorum densiflorum(terrestrial orchid)

    Further reading

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    • “kula”, inPambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph,2018

    Anagrams

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    Turkish

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    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /kʊˈla/
    • Hyphenation:ku‧la

    Noun

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    kula

    1. accusativesingular ofkul

    Zacatepec Chatino

    [edit]

    Etymology 1

    [edit]

    (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

    Adjective

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    kula

    1. old

    Etymology 2

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    FromProto-Chatino*kwela, fromProto-Zapotecan*kw-ella.

    Noun

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    kula

    1. fish

    Etymology 3

    [edit]

    (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

    Noun

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    kula

    1. star
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