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kula

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "kula"

English

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Etymology 1

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From aSouth Slavic language, fromTurkishkule, fromPersianقله(qolle), fromArabicقُلَّة(qulla,“pinnacle, zenith”).

Noun

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kula (pluralkulas)

  1. Atower,turret orsteeple inSoutheast Europe erected during the period ofOttoman domination on the area.
    • 1867, Georgina Mary Muir Mackenzie, Lady Georgina Mary Muir Sebright, Mackenzie Sebright, Adeline Paulina Irby,Travels in the Slavonic Provinces of Turkey-in-Europe,pages107–108:
      Instead of the haïdooks, their next of kin, the zaptiés now hold akula on the highest point of the pass; here one pauses to rest after scrambling up the vile Turkish road on one side of the ravine, and before scrambling down the vile Turkish road on the other.
    • 1998, Adil Zulfikarpašić, Milovan Djilas, Nadežda Gaće,The Bosniak,page 5:
      The most importantkulas of the Čengić-begs are those in Zagorje, in Rataji and the River Odžak near Ustikolina.
    • 1998, Miranda Vickers,Between Serb and Albanian,page111:
      Thekulas were indeed like fortresses, with as many as twenty 'guns', i.e. adult men ready to fight.

Etymology 2

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From aMelanesian language.[1]

Noun

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kula (uncountable)

  1. Aceremonialexchangesystem conducted in the Milne Bay Province ofPapua New Guinea, involving the exchange ofbracelets andnecklaces, and linked topoliticalauthority.

References

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  1. ^“kula,n.”, inOED OnlinePaid subscription required⁠, Oxford:Oxford University Press, launched 2000.

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Balinese

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Romanization

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kula

  1. Romanization ofᬓᬸᬮ

Cebuano

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Noun

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kula

  1. glue; or any sticky adhesive substance

Verb

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kula

  1. toglue; tojoin orattach something using glue

Czech

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Pronunciation

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Participle

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kula

  1. inflection ofkout:
    1. femininesingularpastactiveparticiple
    2. neuterpluralpastactiveparticiple

Hawaiian

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Noun

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kula

  1. field, open area
    kulamauʻu
    meadow, field of grass
  2. school

Hungarian

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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kula (pluralkulák)

  1. (slang)shit

Declension

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Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
singularplural
nominativekulakulák
accusativekulátkulákat
dativekulánakkuláknak
instrumentalkulávalkulákkal
causal-finalkuláértkulákért
translativekulávákulákká
terminativekuláigkulákig
essive-formalkulakéntkulákként
essive-modal——
inessivekulábankulákban
superessivekulánkulákon
adessivekulánálkuláknál
illativekulábakulákba
sublativekulárakulákra
allativekuláhozkulákhoz
elativekulábólkulákból
delativekulárólkulákról
ablativekulátólkuláktól
non-attributive
possessive – singular		kuláékuláké
non-attributive
possessive – plural		kuláéikulákéi
Possessive forms ofkula
possessorsingle possessionmultiple possessions
1st person sing.kulámkuláim
2nd person sing.kuládkuláid
3rd person sing.kulájakulái
1st person pluralkulánkkuláink
2nd person pluralkulátokkuláitok
3rd person pluralkulájukkuláik

Javanese

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Romanization

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kula

  1. Romanization ofꦏꦸꦭ.

Khalaj

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Perso-Arabicکُله

Etymology

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Ultimately fromPersianکل(kol).

Pronunciation

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  • (Mansûrâbâdî)IPA(key): [qulɒ]
  • (Xarrâbî)IPA(key): [kʊla(ː)],[ku̞laː]

Adjective

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kula (comparativekulatar)

  1. short,small

References

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Lindu

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Noun

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kula

  1. ginger

Malay

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Etymology

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FromJavaneseꦏꦸꦭ(kula).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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kula (Jawi spellingکولا,pluralkula-kula)

  1. (Javanese)slave

Pronoun

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kula (Jawi spellingکولا)

  1. (Javanese, possibly obsolete)I (me,my)

Synonyms

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Further reading

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Mudburra

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Particle

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kula

  1. not (negative particle)

Ngarrindjeri

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Noun

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kula

  1. maleshe oaktree.

Norwegian Bokmål

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Alternative forms

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Noun

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kula f

  1. definitefemininesingular ofkule

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Noun

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kula f

  1. definitesingular ofkule

Old Javanese

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromSanskritकुल(kula,“family; clan; lineage; herd; flock”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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kula

  1. family
  2. descent,origin

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Noun

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kula

  1. wife of lower rank, second wife to the queen

Derived terms

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References

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  • "kula" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson,Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Pali

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Alternative forms

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Alternative scripts

Etymology

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Inherited fromSanskritकुल(kula).

Noun

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kula n

  1. clan,caste,family

Declension

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Declension table of "kula" (neuter)
Case \ NumberSingularPlural
Nominative (first)kulaṃkulāniorkulā
Accusative (second)kulaṃkulāniorkule
Instrumental (third)kulenakulehiorkulebhi
Dative (fourth)kulassaorkulāyaorkulatthaṃkulānaṃ
Ablative (fifth)kulasmāorkulamhāorkulākulehiorkulebhi
Genitive (sixth)kulassakulānaṃ
Locative (seventh)kulasmiṃorkulamhiorkulekulesu
Vocative (calling)kulakulāniorkulā

Descendants

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References

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Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “kula”, inPali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead

Polish

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PolishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediapl

Etymology

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Apparentlyborrowed fromMiddle High Germankūle. In most senses cognate withGermanKugel,[1] in the sense “crutch” cognate withGermanKeule.[2]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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kula f (diminutivekulka)

  1. ball(spherical object)
    kula śnieżna ―snowball
  2. (mathematics, geometry, topology)ball
  3. bullet
  4. crutch
    chodzić okulach ―to walk oncrutches
  5. (sports)shot(the heavy iron ball)
    pchnięciekulą ―shot put
  6. (Central Greater Poland, humorous or Western Greater Poland, Chełmno, figuratively)Synonym ofgłowa
  7. (Kociewie)crookedstick with which avillageheadconvenes avillage

Declension

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Declension ofkula
singularplural
nominativekulakule
genitivekulikul/kuli
dativekulikulom
accusativekulękule
instrumentalkuląkulami
locativekulikulach
vocativekulokule

Descendants

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See also

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References

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  1. ^Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “kula I”, inSłownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa:PWN
  2. ^Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “kula II”, inSłownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa:PWN

Further reading

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  • kula inWielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • kula in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • Oskar Kolberg (1877) “kula”, in “Rzecz o mowie ludu wielkopolskiego”, inZbiór wiadomości do antropologii krajowéj (in Polish), volume 1, III (Materyjały etnologiczne), page19
  • Oskar Kolberg (1877) “kula”, in “Rzecz o mowie ludu wielkopolskiego”, inZbiór wiadomości do antropologii krajowéj (in Polish), volume 1, III (Materyjały etnologiczne), page27
  • Gustaw Pobłocki (1887) “kula”, inSłownik kaszubski z dodatkiem idyotyzmów chełmińskich i kociewskich (in Polish), 2 edition, Chełmno, page134
  • Gustaw Pobłocki (1887) “kula”, inSłownik kaszubski z dodatkiem idyotyzmów chełmińskich i kociewskich (in Polish), 2 edition, Chełmno, page153

Anagrams

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Serbo-Croatian

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromOttoman Turkishقله(kulle) (Turkishkule), fromPersianقله(qolle), fromArabicقُلَّة(qulla,“pinnacle, zenith”).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /kǔːla/
  • Hyphenation:ku‧la

Noun

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kúla f (Cyrillic spellingку́ла)

  1. tower
    Synonym:toranj
  2. turret
    Synonym:kupola,toranj
  3. belfry,steeple
    Synonym:zvonik
  4. (chess)rook

Declension

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Declension ofkula
singularplural
nominativekúlakule
genitivekulekula
dativekulikulama
accusativekulukule
vocativekulokule
locativekulikulama
instrumentalkulomkulama

See also

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Chess pieces in Serbo-Croatian ·šahovskefigure /шаховскефигуре(layout ·text)
♚♛♜♝♞♟
kralj
краљ		dama,kraljica
дама,краљица		top,kula
топ,кула		lovac,trkač,laufer
ловац,тркач,лауфер		skakač,konj
скакач,коњ		pješak,pešak,pion,pijun
пјешак,пешак,пион,пијун

Sidamo

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈkula/
  • Hyphenation:ku‧la

Verb

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kula

  1. (transitive) totell

References

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  • Kazuhiro Kawachi (2007)A grammar of Sidaama (Sidamo), a Cushitic language of Ethiopia, page30
  • Gizaw Shimelis, editor (2007), “kula”, inSidaama-Amharic-English dictionary, Addis Ababa: Sidama Information and Culture department

Sotho

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Etymology

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Cognate withSwahili-ugua.

Thisetymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Verb

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kula

  1. to besick/ill

Swahili

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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kula (verbal noun of theku class)

  1. infinitive of-la

Swedish

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Etymology

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FromOld Norsekúla(“lump, swelling”), with the meaning of "sphere" influenced byMiddle Low Germankule(“depression, bulge”) andGermanKugel(“ball, sphere, bullet”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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kula c

  1. a smallball made of earthenware, glass (marble) or a similar hard material;marble:spela kula; of steel in a ball bearing;sphere;testicle, often in the compoundpungkula
  2. abullet
    Enkula träffade honom rakt i tinningen.
    Abullet hit him right in the temple.
  3. aden (inhabited cavern or hollow)
    lejonkula
    lion'sden
    rövarkula
    den of robbers
  4. (slang, chiefly in theplural)money
    Jag har tjänat massakulor med den här bilen.
    I've made tons ofcash with this car.
  5. (heraldry)roundel
  6. (athletics)shot put (athletics event)
    Synonym:kulstötning
  7. (of icecream)scoop

Declension

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Declension ofkula
nominativegenitive
singularindefinitekulakulas
definitekulankulans
pluralindefinitekulorkulors
definitekulornakulornas

Derived terms

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Descendants

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See also

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References

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Tabaru

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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kula

  1. (ditransitive) togive

References

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  • Edward A. Kotynski (1988) “Tabaru phonology and morphology”, inWork Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session, volume32, Summer Institute of Linguistics

Tagalog

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Etymology 1

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Possibly fromSpanishcolar(“to sift; to strain”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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kulá (Baybayin spellingᜃᜓᜎ)

  1. bleaching ofclothes under thesun(usually with blueing)
    Synonym:pagkukula
  2. clothes beingbleached under thesun
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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kula (Baybayin spellingᜃᜓᜎ)(botany)

  1. Geodorum densiflorum(terrestrial orchid)

Further reading

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  • “kula”, inPambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila,2018

Anagrams

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Turkish

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /kʊˈla/
  • Hyphenation:ku‧la

Noun

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kula

  1. accusativesingular ofkul

Zacatepec Chatino

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Etymology 1

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(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Adjective

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kula

  1. old

Etymology 2

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FromProto-Chatino*kwela, fromProto-Zapotecan*kw-ella.

Noun

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kula

  1. fish

Etymology 3

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(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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kula

  1. star
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