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kavuta

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Finnish

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Etymology

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FromProto-Finnic*kabut'ak (compareKareliankavuta andVepskabuta).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈkɑʋutɑˣ/,[ˈkɑ̝ʋut̪ɑ̝(ʔ)]
  • Rhymes:-ɑʋutɑ
  • Syllabification(key):ka‧vu‧ta
  • Hyphenation(key):ka‧vu‧ta

Verb

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kavuta

  1. toclimb
  2. toclamber(climb something with some difficulty, or in a haphazard fashion)
  3. toshin up(climb a mast, tree, rope, or the like, by embracing it alternately with the arms and legs, without help of steps, spurs, or the like)

Conjugation

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Inflection ofkavuta (Kotus type 74*E/katketa,p-v gradation)
indicative mood
present tenseperfect
personpositivenegativepersonpositivenegative
1st sing.kapuanenkapua1st sing.olenkavunnuten olekavunnut
2nd sing.kapuatetkapua2nd sing.oletkavunnutet olekavunnut
3rd sing.kapuaaeikapua3rd sing.onkavunnutei olekavunnut
1st plur.kapuammeemmekapua1st plur.olemmekavunneetemme olekavunneet
2nd plur.kapuatteettekapua2nd plur.olettekavunneetette olekavunneet
3rd plur.kapuavateivätkapua3rd plur.ovatkavunneeteivät olekavunneet
passivekavutaaneikavutapassiveonkavuttuei olekavuttu
past tensepluperfect
personpositivenegativepersonpositivenegative
1st sing.kapusinenkavunnut1st sing.olinkavunnuten ollutkavunnut
2nd sing.kapusitetkavunnut2nd sing.olitkavunnutet ollutkavunnut
3rd sing.kapusieikavunnut3rd sing.olikavunnutei ollutkavunnut
1st plur.kapusimmeemmekavunneet1st plur.olimmekavunneetemme olleetkavunneet
2nd plur.kapusitteettekavunneet2nd plur.olittekavunneetette olleetkavunneet
3rd plur.kapusivateivätkavunneet3rd plur.olivatkavunneeteivät olleetkavunneet
passivekavuttiineikavuttupassiveolikavuttuei ollutkavuttu
conditional mood
presentperfect
personpositivenegativepersonpositivenegative
1st sing.kapuaisin
kapuisin		enkapuaisi
enkapuisi		1st sing.olisinkavunnuten olisikavunnut
2nd sing.kapuaisit
kapuisit		etkapuaisi
etkapuisi		2nd sing.olisitkavunnutet olisikavunnut
3rd sing.kapuaisi
kapuisi		eikapuaisi
eikapuisi		3rd sing.olisikavunnutei olisikavunnut
1st plur.kapuaisimme
kapuisimme		emmekapuaisi
emmekapuisi		1st plur.olisimmekavunneetemme olisikavunneet
2nd plur.kapuaisitte
kapuisitte		ettekapuaisi
ettekapuisi		2nd plur.olisittekavunneetette olisikavunneet
3rd plur.kapuaisivat
kapuisivat		eivätkapuaisi
eivätkapuisi		3rd plur.olisivatkavunneeteivät olisikavunneet
passivekavuttaisiineikavuttaisipassiveolisikavuttuei olisikavuttu
imperative mood
presentperfect
personpositivenegativepersonpositivenegative
1st sing.——1st sing.——
2nd sing.kapuaäläkapua2nd sing.——
3rd sing.kavutkoonälköönkavutko3rd sing.olkoonkavunnutälköön olkokavunnut
1st plur.kavutkaammeälkäämmekavutko1st plur.——
2nd plur.kavutkaaälkääkavutko2nd plur.——
3rd plur.kavutkootälköötkavutko3rd plur.olkootkavunneetälkööt olkokavunneet
passivekavuttakoonälköönkavuttakopassiveolkoonkavuttuälköön olkokavuttu
potential mood
presentperfect
personpositivenegativepersonpositivenegative
1st sing.kavunnenenkavunne1st sing.lienenkavunnuten lienekavunnut
2nd sing.kavunnetetkavunne2nd sing.lienetkavunnutet lienekavunnut
3rd sing.kavunneeeikavunne3rd sing.lieneekavunnutei lienekavunnut
1st plur.kavunnemmeemmekavunne1st plur.lienemmekavunneetemme lienekavunneet
2nd plur.kavunnetteettekavunne2nd plur.lienettekavunneetette lienekavunneet
3rd plur.kavunnevateivätkavunne3rd plur.lienevätkavunneeteivät lienekavunneet
passivekavuttaneeneikavuttanepassivelieneekavuttuei lienekavuttu
Nominal forms
infinitivesparticiples
activepassiveactivepassive
1stkavutapresentkapuavakavuttava
long 1st1
Possessive forms
Personsing.plur.
1stkavutaksenikavutaksemme
2ndkavutaksesikavutaksenne
3rdkavutakseen
kavutaksensa
pastkavunnutkavuttu
2ndinessive2kavutessakavuttaessaagent4kapuama
Possessive forms
Personsing.plur.
1stkavutessanikavutessamme
2ndkavutessasikavutessanne
3rdkavutessaan
kavutessansa
negativekapuamaton
instructivekavuten—
1) Used only with a possessive suffix.

2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
3) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).

4) Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the-ma suffix and third infinitive forms.
3rdinessivekapuamassa—
elativekapuamasta—
illativekapuamaan—
adessivekapuamalla—
abessivekapuamatta—
instructivekapuamankavuttaman
4th3verbal nounkapuaminen
5th1
Possessive forms
Personsing.plur.
1stkapuamaisillanikapuamaisillamme
2ndkapuamaisillasikapuamaisillanne
3rdkapuamaisillaan
kapuamaisillansa

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Further reading

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Anagrams

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Ingrian

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Etymology

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FromProto-Finnic*kabut'ak. Cognates includeFinnishkavuta andVepskabuta.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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kavuta

  1. (intransitive) toclimb

Conjugation

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Conjugation ofkavuta (type 16/maata, p-v gradation, gemination)
Indikativa
PreesensPerfekta
positivenegativepositivenegative
1st singularkappuunenkappuu1st singularoonkavunt,oonkavunnuten ookavunt,en ookavunnut
2nd singularkappuutetkappuu2nd singularootkavunt,ootkavunnutet ookavunt,et ookavunnut
3rd singularkapujaaeikappuu3rd singularonokavunt,onokavunnutei ookavunt,ei ookavunnut
1st pluralkappuummaemmäkappuu1st pluraloommakavunneetemmä ookavunneet
2nd pluralkappuuttaettäkappuu2nd pluraloottakavunneetettä ookavunneet
3rd pluralkapujaat1),kappuuvat2),kavutaaevätkappuu,eikavuta3rd pluralovatkavunneetevät ookavunneet,ei ookavuttu
impersonalkavutaaeikavutaimpersonalonokavuttuei ookavuttu
ImperfektaPluskvamperfekta
positivenegativepositivenegative
1st singularkapuisinenkavunt,enkavunnut1st singularolinkavunt,olinkavunnuten oltkavunt,en oltkavunnut
2nd singularkapuisit,kappuist1)etkavunt,etkavunnut2nd singularolitkavunt,olitkavunnutet oltkavunt,et oltkavunnut
3rd singularkapuiseikavunt,eikavunnut3rd singularolikavunt,olikavunnutei oltkavunt,ei oltkavunnut
1st pluralkapuisimmaemmäkavunneet1st pluralolimmakavunneetemmä olleetkavunneet
2nd pluralkapuisittaettäkavunneet2nd pluralolittakavunneetettä olleetkavunneet
3rd pluralkapuisiit1),kapuisivat2),kavuttiievätkavunneet,eikavuttu3rd pluralolivatkavunneetevät olleetkavunneet,ei oltkavuttu
impersonalkavuttiieikavuttuimpersonalolikavuttuei oltkavuttu
Konditsionala
PreesensPerfekta
positivenegativepositivenegative
1st singularkapujaisinenkapujais1st singularolisinkavunt,olisinkavunnuten oliskavunt,en oliskavunnut
2nd singularkapujaisit,kapujaist1)etkapujais2nd singularolisitkavunt,olisitkavunnutet oliskavunt,et oliskavunnut
3rd singularkapujaiseikapujais3rd singularoliskavunt,oliskavunnutei oliskavunt,ei oliskavunnut
1st pluralkapujaisimmaemmäkapujais1st pluralolisimmakavunneetemmä oliskavunneet
2nd pluralkapujaisittaettäkapujais2nd pluralolisittakavunneetettä oliskavunneet
3rd pluralkapujaisiit1),kapujaisivat2),kavuttaisevätkapujais,eikavuttais3rd pluralolisivatkavunneetevät oliskavunneet,ei oliskavuttu
impersonalkavuttaiseikavuttaisimpersonaloliskavuttuei oliskavuttu
Imperativa
PreesensPerfekta
positivenegativepositivenegative
1st singular——1st singular——
2nd singularkappuueläkappuu2nd singularookavunt,ookavunnutelä ookavunt,elä ookavunnut
3rd singularkavutkooelköökavutko3rd singularolkookavunt,olkookavunnutelköö olkokavunt,elköö olkokavunnut
1st plural——1st plural——
2nd pluralkavutkaaelkääkavutko2nd pluralolkaakavunneetelkää olkokavunneet
3rd pluralkavutkootelköötkavutko,elköökavuttako3rd pluralolkootkavunneetelkööt olkokavunneet,elköö olkokavuttu
impersonalkavuttakkooelköökavuttakoimpersonalolkookavuttuelköö olkokavuttu
Potentsiala
Preesens
positivenegative
1st singularkavunnenenkavunne
2nd singularkavunnetetkavunne
3rd singularkavunnooeikavunne
1st pluralkavunnemmaemmäkavunne
2nd pluralkavunnettaettäkavunne
3rd pluralkavunnootevätkavunne,eikavuttane
impersonalkavuttannooeikavuttane
Nominal forms
InfinitivatPartisipat
activepassive
1stkavutapresentkappuuvakavuttava
2ndinessivekavuteespastkavunt,kavunnutkavuttu
instructivekavuten1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect.
2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect.
*) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (kavutkaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well.
**) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix-k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative
***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix-k (-ka?/-kä?) or-kse to either the indicative or the potential
****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix-kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition.
3rdillativekappuumaa
inessivekappuumaas
elativekappuumast
abessivekappuumata
4thnominativekappuumiin
partitivekappuumista,kappuumist

Synonyms

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References

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  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971),Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page147
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