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kala

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "kala"
Languages (39)
Albanian • Atong (India) • Balinese • Chamicuro • Cornish • Estonian • Finnish • Fula • Gullah • Gurindji • Hawaiian • Iban • Icelandic • Indonesian • Ingrian • Javanese • Karelian • Latvian • Lingala • Livvi • Ludian • Malay • Ngadjunmaya • Northern Sotho • Old Javanese • Old Norse • Polish • Sakizaya • Salar • Serbo-Croatian • Sumerian • Swedish • Tok Pisin • Veps • Võro • Votic • Zacatepec Chatino • Zigula • Zulu
Page categories

Albanian

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AlbanianWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediasq
Kalaja në Krujë - Krujë Castle

Etymology

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Borrowed fromOttoman Turkishقلعه(kale), fromClassical Persianقلعه(qal'a), fromArabicقَلْعَة(qalʕa).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

kalá f (pluralkala,definitekalaja,definite pluralkalatë)

  1. castle,fortress
    Synonym:kështjellë
  2. fortification
    Synonym:fortifikatë
  3. (figurative)ardentdefender
  4. (figurative)hurdle,obstacle: something difficult to be overcome only by great effort
    u bëkalait becamedifficult
  5. (chess)rook
    Synonym:torrë

Declension

[edit]
Declension ofkala
singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativekalakalajakalakalatë
accusativekalanë
dativekalajekalasëkalavekalave
ablativekalash

Further reading

[edit]
  • kala”, inFGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian),2006
  • FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎[2],1980
  • Mann,S. E. (1948), “kalá”, inAn Historical Albanian–English Dictionary, London: Longmans, Green & Co., page175

Atong (India)

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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kala (Bengali scriptকালা)

  1. deafperson

References

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Balinese

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /kalə/
  • Hyphenation:ka‧la

Etymology 1

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Borrowed fromOld Javanesekāla(time), fromSanskritकाल(kāla)

Noun

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kala (Balinese scriptᬓᬮ)(medya)

  1. time
  2. solar eclipse
  3. seventhday of the eight-dayweek

Etymology 2

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FromSanskritकाल(kāla).

Noun

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kala (Balinese scriptᬓᬵᬮ)

  1. (Hinduism)demonKala

Etymology 3

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Borrowed fromOld Javanesekala,kalā(snare).

Noun

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kala (Balinese scriptᬓᬮᬵ)

  1. snare

Further reading

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  • kala”, inBalinese–Indonesian Dictionary[Kamus Bahasa Bali–Indonesia] (in Balinese), Denpasar, Indonesia: The Linguistic Center of Bali Province[Balai Bahasa Provinsi Bali].

Chamicuro

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Noun

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kala

  1. nothing

Adverb

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kala

  1. no,not

Cornish

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From eitherProto-Celtic*kolmēnā orLatinculmus, both ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*ḱolh₂mos. Cognate withBretonkolo.

Noun

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kala (collective,singulativekalaven f)

  1. straw
    Synonym:gwel kala

Derived terms

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Mutation

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Mutation ofkala
radicalsoftaspiratehardmixed
kalagalahalaunchangedunchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Cornish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Estonian

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Kala

Etymology

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FromProto-Finnic*kala, fromProto-Uralic*kala.

Noun

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kala (genitivekala,partitivekala)

  1. fish

Declension

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Declension ofkala (ÕS type17u/sõna, no gradation)
singularplural
nominativekalakalad
accusativenom.
gen.kala
genitivekalade
partitivekalakalu
kalasid
illativekalla
kalasse
kaladesse
kalusse
inessivekalaskalades
kalus
elativekalastkaladest
kalust
allativekalalekaladele
kalule
adessivekalalkaladel
kalul
ablativekalaltkaladelt
kalult
translativekalakskaladeks
kaluks
terminativekalanikaladeni
essivekalanakaladena
abessivekalatakaladeta
comitativekalagakaladega

Derived terms

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Finnish

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FinnishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediafi
silakka((Baltic) herring)
ahven((European) perch)
lohi((Atlantic) salmon)
särki((common) roach)
erilaisia kaloja(different kinds of fish)

Etymology

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    FromProto-Finnic*kala (compareEstoniankala), fromProto-Uralic*kala (compareNorthern Samiguolli,Erzyaкал(kal),Eastern Mariкол(kol),Hungarianhal,Tundra Nenetsхаля(xalya)).[1]

    Pronunciation

    [edit]
    • IPA(key): /ˈkɑlɑ/,[ˈkɑ̝lɑ̝]
    • Rhymes:-ɑlɑ
    • Syllabification(key):ka‧la
    • Hyphenation(key):ka‧la

    Noun

    [edit]

    kala

    1. fish(aquatic animal)
      Hauki onkala.
      A pike is afish.
      Tässä järvessä on paljonkalaa.
      There's lots offish in this lake.
    2. fish(meat of the aforementioned aquatic animals)
      Syön useinkalaa.
      I often eatfish.
    3. (idiomatic, in locational cases and expressions)fishing(as a personal activity, used with the verbsolla(to be) andmennä(to go),lähteä(to leave), andkäydä(to go and come back))
      ollakalassato befishing
      käydäkalassato gofishing (and come back)
      mennäkalaanto gofishing
      lähteäkalaanto (leave and) gofishing
      lähteäkalalleto (leave and) gofishing
      Käytkö useinkalassa?
      Do you often gofishing?
    4. (in compounds)seafood
      Mennäänkalaravintolaan.
      Let's go to aseafood restaurant.

    Usage notes

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    • (fish, aquatic animals): Quite often used in the singular in a collective sense, as can be seen in one of the usage examples.

    Declension

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    Inflection ofkala (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
    nominativekalakalat
    genitivekalankalojen
    partitivekalaakaloja
    illativekalaankaloihin
    singularplural
    nominativekalakalat
    accusativenom.kalakalat
    gen.kalan
    genitivekalankalojen
    kalainrare
    partitivekalaakaloja
    inessivekalassakaloissa
    elativekalastakaloista
    illativekalaankaloihin
    adessivekalallakaloilla
    ablativekalaltakaloilta
    allativekalallekaloille
    essivekalanakaloina
    translativekalaksikaloiksi
    abessivekalattakaloitta
    instructivekaloin
    comitativeSee the possessive forms below.
    Possessive forms ofkala(Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
    first-person singular possessor
    singularplural
    nominativekalanikalani
    accusativenom.kalanikalani
    gen.kalani
    genitivekalanikalojeni
    kalainirare
    partitivekalaanikalojani
    inessivekalassanikaloissani
    elativekalastanikaloistani
    illativekalaanikaloihini
    adessivekalallanikaloillani
    ablativekalaltanikaloiltani
    allativekalallenikaloilleni
    essivekalananikaloinani
    translativekalaksenikaloikseni
    abessivekalattanikaloittani
    instructive
    comitativekaloineni
    second-person singular possessor
    singularplural
    nominativekalasikalasi
    accusativenom.kalasikalasi
    gen.kalasi
    genitivekalasikalojesi
    kalaisirare
    partitivekalaasikalojasi
    inessivekalassasikaloissasi
    elativekalastasikaloistasi
    illativekalaasikaloihisi
    adessivekalallasikaloillasi
    ablativekalaltasikaloiltasi
    allativekalallesikaloillesi
    essivekalanasikaloinasi
    translativekalaksesikaloiksesi
    abessivekalattasikaloittasi
    instructive
    comitativekaloinesi
    first-person plural possessor
    singularplural
    nominativekalammekalamme
    accusativenom.kalammekalamme
    gen.kalamme
    genitivekalammekalojemme
    kalaimmerare
    partitivekalaammekalojamme
    inessivekalassammekaloissamme
    elativekalastammekaloistamme
    illativekalaammekaloihimme
    adessivekalallammekaloillamme
    ablativekalaltammekaloiltamme
    allativekalallemmekaloillemme
    essivekalanammekaloinamme
    translativekalaksemmekaloiksemme
    abessivekalattammekaloittamme
    instructive
    comitativekaloinemme
    second-person plural possessor
    singularplural
    nominativekalannekalanne
    accusativenom.kalannekalanne
    gen.kalanne
    genitivekalannekalojenne
    kalainnerare
    partitivekalaannekalojanne
    inessivekalassannekaloissanne
    elativekalastannekaloistanne
    illativekalaannekaloihinne
    adessivekalallannekaloillanne
    ablativekalaltannekaloiltanne
    allativekalallennekaloillenne
    essivekalanannekaloinanne
    translativekalaksennekaloiksenne
    abessivekalattannekaloittanne
    instructive
    comitativekaloinenne

    Derived terms

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    compounds

    References

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    1. ^Santeri Junttila, Petri Kallio, Sampsa Holopainen, Juha Kuokkala, Juho Pystynen, editors (2020–), “kala”, inSuomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja[1] (in Finnish), retrieved1 January 2024

    Further reading

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    Fula

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    Etymology

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    FromArabicكُلَّ(kulla).

    Pronoun

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    kala

    1. each,every,all

    See also

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    References

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    Gullah

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    FromVaikala.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    kala

    1. (cooking)rice
      also see:kafa

    References

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    • Lorenzo Dow Turner,Africanisms in the Gullah Dialect (1969)

    Gurindji

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    Noun

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    kala

    1. thigh

    References

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    Hawaiian

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    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /ˈka.la/,[ˈkɐ.lə]

    Etymology 1

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    FromProto-Polynesian*tala(spine, prong) – compare withMāoritara(thorn, spike, tine, tooth),Tahitiantara(horn, spur, sting),Tongantala andSamoantala.[1][2](Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

    Noun

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    kala

    1. (obsolete)horn,spike,thorn
      Synonyms:kākala,hao,kiwi
    2. sharkskin
    3. surgeonfish
    Derived terms
    [edit]

    Etymology 2

    [edit]

    FromProto-Polynesian*tala(narrate). Cognate withMāoritara(gossip),Samoantala(tell).

    Verb

    [edit]

    kala

    1. (transitive) toproclaim, toannounce

    Noun

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    kala

    1. announcement,proclamation
    2. town crier

    Etymology 3

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    FromProto-Polynesian*tala(untie, undo). Cognate withMāoritara(loosen),Samoantala(unfold, undo).

    Verb

    [edit]

    kala(transitive)

    1. tountie, toundo, toloosen
    2. tofree, tolet go, torelease
    3. toabsolve, toforgive
    Derived terms
    [edit]

    References

    [edit]
    1. ^Pukui, Mary Kawena; Elbert, Samuel H. (1986), “kala”, inHawaiian Dictionary, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press,→ISBN, page120
    2. ^Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “tala.1”, in “POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online”, inOceanic Linguistics, volume50, number 2, pages551-559

    Iban

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    Pronunciation

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    Adverb

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    kala

    1. Semelfactive or non-iterative aspect i. e. the action or situation has happened once or more but did not repeat itself

    Icelandic

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    Etymology

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    FromOld Norsekala.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Verb

    [edit]

    kala (strong verb,third-person singular past indicativekól,third-person plural past indicativekólu,supinekalið)

    1. (impersonal) to becomefrostbitten
      Migkól á tám.
      My toesbecame frostbitten.

    Conjugation

    [edit]
    kala – active voice(germynd)
    infinitivenafnhátturkala
    supinesagnbótkalið
    present participle
    kalandi
    indicative
    subjunctive
    present
    past
    present
    past
    singularégkelkólkalikæli
    þúkelurkólstkalirkælir
    hann, hún, þaðkelurkólkalikæli
    pluralviðkölumkólumkölumkælum
    þiðkaliðkóluðkaliðkæluð
    þeir, þær, þaukalakólukalikælu
    imperativeboðháttur
    singularþúkal (þú),kaldu
    pluralþiðkalið (þið),kaliði1
    1 Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
    kalinn — past participle(lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
    strong declension
    (sterkbeyging)
    singular(eintala)plural(fleirtala)
    masculine
    (karlkyn)
    feminine
    (kvenkyn)
    neuter
    (hvorugkyn)
    masculine
    (karlkyn)
    feminine
    (kvenkyn)
    neuter
    (hvorugkyn)
    nominative
    (nefnifall)
    kalinnkalinkaliðkalnirkalnarkalin
    accusative
    (þolfall)
    kalinnkalnakaliðkalnakalnarkalin
    dative
    (þágufall)
    kölnumkalinnikölnukölnumkölnumkölnum
    genitive
    (eignarfall)
    kalinskalinnarkalinskalinnakalinnakalinna
    weak declension
    (veikbeyging)
    singular(eintala)plural(fleirtala)
    masculine
    (karlkyn)
    feminine
    (kvenkyn)
    neuter
    (hvorugkyn)
    masculine
    (karlkyn)
    feminine
    (kvenkyn)
    neuter
    (hvorugkyn)
    nominative
    (nefnifall)
    kalnikalnakalnakölnukölnukölnu
    accusative
    (þolfall)
    kalnakölnukalnakölnukölnukölnu
    dative
    (þágufall)
    kalnakölnukalnakölnukölnukölnu
    genitive
    (eignarfall)
    kalnakölnukalnakölnukölnukölnu

    Related terms

    [edit]

    Indonesian

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    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Etymology 1

    [edit]

    FromMalaykala, fromClassical Malaykala, fromSanskritकाल(kāla,time) orSanskritकला(kalā,a division of time).Doublet ofkali.Semantic loan fromDutchtijd(tense, literallytime).

    Noun

    [edit]

    kala (pluralkala-kala)

    1. time
      Synonyms:masa,waktu
    2. when: during the time that
      Synonyms:ketika,saat
    3. (geology)epoch: a geochronologic unit of hundreds of thousands to millions of years; a subdivision of a period, and subdivided into ages (or sometimes subepochs)
      Synonym:epok(Malay)
    4. tense;
      1. (grammar) any of the forms of averb whichdistinguish when anaction or state of beingoccurs orexists
      2. (linguistics, grammar, countable) aninflected form of a verb that indicates tense
    Derived terms
    [edit]

    Etymology 2

    [edit]

    FromMalaykala, fromJavaneseꦏꦭ(kala,stinging animal, scorpion), fromSanskritकालक(kālaka,scorpion).

    Noun

    [edit]

    kala (pluralkala-kala)

    1. (Can weverify(+) this sense?) any member ofscorpiones order
    2. (obsolete)scorpion
      Synonym:kalajengking
    Derived terms
    [edit]

    Etymology 3

    [edit]

    FromMalaykala, fromClassical Malaykala, fromPersianکالا(kâlâ,silk clothes).

    Noun

    [edit]

    kala (pluralkala-kala)

    1. (obsolete)silk
      Synonym:sutra

    Etymology 4

    [edit]

    FromMalaykala, fromClassical Malaykala, fromJavaneseꦏꦭ(kala,bird noose, snare), fromOld Javanesekalā.

    Noun

    [edit]

    kala (pluralkala-kala)

    1. (obsolete)snare
      Synonym:jerat

    Etymology 5

    [edit]

    FromMalaykala, fromArabicقَضَاء(qaḍāʔ).Doublet ofqada.

    Noun

    [edit]

    kala (pluralkala-kala)

    1. (obsolete)synonym ofqada
    Derived terms
    [edit]

    Etymology 6

    [edit]

    From Rote

    Verb

    [edit]

    kala

    1. to hit something with the shoulder

    Etymology 7

    [edit]

    Borrowed fromJavanesekala(giant; evil, demon), fromOld Javanesekala, possibly borrowed fromSanskritखल(khala,mischievous man).

    Noun

    [edit]

    kala (pluralkala-kala)

    1. (architecture, archaeology) giant relief with bulging eyes and long fangs in the form of a scary-looking head, usually placed above the door of a house and believed to contain magical powers to protect the building, usually used above temple doors or in front of ancient buildings, believed to ward off evil influences
      Synonym:simhamuka

    Etymology 8

    [edit]

    Borrowed fromBerau Malay[Term?].

    Verb

    [edit]

    kala

    1. to be under the hot sun without protection

    Further reading

    [edit]

    Ingrian

    [edit]
    Kala.

    Etymology

    [edit]

    FromProto-Finnic*kala, fromProto-Uralic*kala. Cognates includeFinnishkala andEstoniankala.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    kala

    1. fish
      • 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus,Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page11:
        Kapa,kala,kala, kana.
        Dried fish,fish,fish, hen.
      • 1936, V. I. Junus, P. L. Maksimov,Inkeroisin keelen oppikirja alkuşkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page37:
        Hää ono voimakaskala ja kasvaa suureks.
        It's a strongfish and grows big.
      • 1937, D. I. Efimov,Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (toin osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 7:
        Kala,kala — ohto tiukkaa! Ota matokkaine suuhu.
        Fish,fish — quit playing! Put a mollusk in your mouth.

    Declension

    [edit]
    Declension ofkala (type 3/kana, no gradation, gemination)
    singularplural
    nominativekalakalat
    genitivekalankalloin
    partitivekallaakaloja
    illativekallaakalloi
    inessivekalaskalois
    elativekalastkaloist
    allativekalallekaloille
    adessivekalalkaloil
    ablativekalaltkaloilt
    translativekalakskaloiks
    essivekalanna,kallaankaloinna,kalloin
    exessive1)kalantkaloint
    1) obsolete
    *) theaccusative corresponds with either thegenitive (sg) ornominative (pl)
    **) thecomitative is formed by adding the suffix
    -ka? or-kä? to thegenitive.

    Hypernyms

    [edit]

    Coordinate terms

    [edit]

    Derived terms

    [edit]

    References

    [edit]
    • Fedor Tumansky (1790), “кала”, inОпытъ повѣствованїя о дѣянїях, положенїи, состоянїи и раздѣленїи Санкт-Петербургской губернїи [An experiment of an account of the acts, location, condition and division of the Saint Petersburg gubernia],Краткїй словарь ижерскаго, финскаго, эстонскаго, чюдскаго, и ямскаго нарѣчїя съ россїйскимъ переводомъ [A short dictionary of the Ingrian, Finnish, Estonian, Chud and Yamtian dialects with a Russian translation], page683
    • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971),Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page126
    • Olga I. Konkova; Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014),Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку[4],→ISBN, page82

    Javanese

    [edit]

    Romanization

    [edit]

    kala

    1. romanization ofꦏꦭ

    Karelian

    [edit]
    Regional variants ofkala
    North Karelian
    (Viena)
    kala
    South Karelian
    (Tver)
    kala
    Kala

    Etymology

    [edit]

    FromProto-Finnic*kala. Cognates includeFinnishkala andEstoniankala.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]
    • IPA(key): /ˈkɑlɑ/
    • Hyphenation:ka‧la

    Noun

    [edit]

    kala (genitivekalan,partitivekalua)

    1. fish

    Declension

    [edit]
    Viena Karelian declension of kala (type 4/kala, no gradation)
    singularplural
    nominativekalakalat
    genitivekalankalojen
    partitivekaluakaloja
    illativekalahkaloih
    inessivekalaššakaloissa
    elativekalaštakaloista
    adessivekalallakaloilla
    ablativekalaltakaloilta
    translativekalakšikaloiksi
    essivekalanakaloina
    comitativekaloineh
    abessivekalattakaloitta
    prolative
    instructivekaloin
    Tver Karelian declension of kala (type 4/kala no gradation)
    singularplural
    nominativekalakalat
    genitivekalankaloin
    partitivekaluakaloida
    illativekalahkaloih
    inessivekalaššakaloissa
    elativekalaštakaloista
    adessivekalallakaloilla
    ablativekalaldakaloilda
    translativekalakšikaloiksi
    essivekalanakaloina
    comitativekalankekaloinke
    abessivekalattakaloitta
    prolativekalaččikaloičči
    instructivekaloin
    Possessive forms ofkala
    1st personkalani
    2nd personkalaš
    3rd personkalah
    *) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used insubstantivised clauses.

    Derived terms

    [edit]

    References

    [edit]
    • A. V. Punzhina (1994), “kala”, inСловарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)],→ISBN
    • P. M. Zaykov et al. (2015), “рыба”, inVenäjä-Viena Šanakirja [Russian-Viena Karelian Dictionary],→ISBN

    Latvian

    [edit]

    Verb

    [edit]

    kala

    1. third-personsingular/pluralpastindicative ofkalt

    Lingala

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    Borrowed fromSwahilikale.

    Adjective

    [edit]

    kala

    1. old
    2. ancient

    Livvi

    [edit]
    Kala.

    Etymology

    [edit]

    FromProto-Finnic*kala. Cognates includeFinnishkala andEstoniankala.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]
    • IPA(key): /ˈkɑlɑ/
    • Hyphenation:ka‧la

    Noun

    [edit]

    kala (genitivekalan,partitivekalua)

    1. fish

    Declension

    [edit]
    Declension ofkala (Type 1/griba, no gradation)
    singularplural
    nominativekalakalat
    genitivekalankaloin
    partitivekaluakaloi
    illativekalahkaloih
    inessivekalaskalois
    elativekalaspäikaloispäi
    allativekalalekaloile
    adessivekalalkaloil
    ablativekalalpäikaloilpäi
    translativekalaksekaloikse
    essivekalannukaloinnu
    abessivekalattahkaloittah
    comitativekalankekaloinke
    instructivekaloin
    prolativekalači

    References

    [edit]
    • N. Gilojeva; S. Rudakova (2009),Karjalan kielen Livvin murdehen algukursu [Beginners' course of Karelian language's Livvi dialect]‎[5] (in Livvi), Petrozavodsk,→ISBN, page 3
    • Tatjana Boiko (2019),Suuri Karjal-Venʹalaine Sanakniigu (livvin murreh) [The Big Karelian-Russian dictionary (Livvi dialect)], 2nd edition,→ISBN, page92

    Ludian

    [edit]
    Kala

    Etymology

    [edit]

    FromProto-Finnic*kala.

    Noun

    [edit]

    kala

    1. fish

    Malay

    [edit]

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Etymology 1

    [edit]

    FromSanskritकाल(kāla,time).

    Noun

    [edit]

    kala (Jawi spellingکالا,pluralkala-kalaorkala2)

    1. time(inevitable passing of events)
    2. time(quantity of availability in time)
    3. time(time of day, as indicated by a clock, etc)
    4. time(particular moment or hour)
    5. time(measurement under some system of the time of day or moment in time)
    6. time(numerical indication of a particular moment in time)
    Synonyms
    [edit]

    Etymology 2

    [edit]

    FromJavanesekala(stinging animal).

    Noun

    [edit]

    kala (Jawi spellingکالا,pluralkala-kalaorkala2)

    1. scorpion

    Ngadjunmaya

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    kala

    1. fire
    2. firewood

    References

    [edit]

    Northern Sotho

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    kala

    1. branch(of a tree)

    Old Javanese

    [edit]

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Etymology 1

    [edit]

    Borrowed fromSanskritकाला(kālā,black; dark).

    Noun

    [edit]

    kala

    1. wicked,evil,base,false
    Derived terms
    [edit]
    Descendants
    [edit]
    • Javanese:ꦏꦭ(kala,evil; demon)

    Etymology 2

    [edit]

    FromSanskritशङ्ख(śaṅkha,trumpet, horn, literallyshell, conch-shell) +‎काल(kāla,time, hour).

    Noun

    [edit]

    kala

    1. trumpet

    Etymology 3

    [edit]

    FromSanskritकालक(kālaka,scorpion).

    Noun

    [edit]

    kala

    1. scorpion
    Descendants
    [edit]
    • Javanese:ꦏꦭ(kala,stinging animal)
      • Indonesian:kala(stinging animal)

    Etymology 4

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    kala

    1. alternative spelling ofkalā(noose,snare)

    Old Norse

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    FromProto-Germanic*kalaną, whence alsoOld Englishcalan. Ultimately from an o-grade present ofProto-Indo-European*gel-.

    Verb

    [edit]

    kala

    1. (impersonal) tocause tofreeze [withaccusative‘someone’](idiomatically translated as "freeze" with the accusative object as the subject)
      mikkellI freeze; I become frost-bitten

    Conjugation

    [edit]
    Conjugation ofkala — impersonal, active (strong class 6)
    infinitivekala
    past participlekalinn
    indicativesubjunctive
    presentpastpresentpast
    3rd-person singularkellkólkalikœli

    Descendants

    [edit]

    Further reading

    [edit]
    • Zoëga, Geir T. (1910), “kala”, inA Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at theInternet Archive

    Polish

    [edit]

    Pronunciation

    [edit]
    • IPA(key): /ˈka.la/
    • Rhymes:-ala
    • Syllabification:ka‧la

    Verb

    [edit]

    kala

    1. third-personsingularpresent ofkalać

    Sakizaya

    [edit]

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    kala

    1. prey;game

    Salar

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    Borrowed fromChinese筐蓝.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]
    • (Xunhua, Qinghai; Ili, Xinjiang)IPA(key): /kʰɑlɑ/

    Noun

    [edit]

    kala (3rd person possessivekalası,pluralkalalar)

    1. basket

    Related terms

    [edit]

    References

    [edit]
    • 林 (Lin), 莲云 (Lianyun) (1992), “kala”, in撒拉汉汉撒拉词汇 [Salar-Chinese, Chinese-Salar Vocabulary],成都:四川民族出版社,→ISBN, page172
    • Yakup, Abdurishid (2002), “kala”, inAn Ili Salar Vocabulary: Introduction and a Provisional Salar-English Lexicon[6], Tokyo: University of Tokyo,→ISBN, page133

    Serbo-Croatian

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    kala (Cyrillic spellingкала)

    1. genitivesingular ofkal

    Sumerian

    [edit]

    Romanization

    [edit]

    kala

    1. romanization of𒆗(kala)

    Swedish

    [edit]

    Adjective

    [edit]

    kala

    1. inflection ofkal:
      1. definitesingular
      2. plural

    Tok Pisin

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    FromEnglishcolor.

    Noun

    [edit]

    kala

    1. color

    Veps

    [edit]
    Kala

    Etymology

    [edit]

    FromProto-Finnic*kala, fromProto-Uralic*kala.

    Noun

    [edit]

    kala

    1. fish

    Inflection

    [edit]
    Inflection ofkala (inflection type 5/sana)
    nominative sing.kala
    genitive sing.kalan
    partitive sing.kalad
    partitive plur.kaloid
    singularplural
    nominativekalakalad
    accusativekalankalad
    genitivekalankaloiden
    partitivekaladkaloid
    essive-instructivekalankaloin
    translativekalakskaloikš
    inessivekalaskaloiš
    elativekalaspäikaloišpäi
    illativekalaha
    kalha
    kaloihe
    adessivekalalkaloil
    ablativekalalpäikaloilpäi
    allativekalalekaloile
    abessivekalatakaloita
    comitativekalankekaloidenke
    prolativekaladmekaloidme
    approximative Ikalannokaloidenno
    approximative IIkalannokskaloidennoks
    egressivekalannopäikaloidennopäi
    terminative Ikalahasai
    kalhasai
    kaloihesai
    terminative IIkalalesaikaloilesai
    terminative IIIkalassai
    additive Ikalahapäi
    kalhapäi
    kaloihepäi
    additive IIkalalepäikaloilepäi

    Derived terms

    [edit]

    References

    [edit]
    • Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “рыба”, inUz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎[7], Petrozavodsk: Periodika

    Võro

    [edit]
    Kala

    Etymology

    [edit]

    FromProto-Finnic*kala, fromProto-Uralic*kala.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]
    Request for audio pronunciationThis entry needs anaudio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, pleaserecord this word. The recorded pronunciationwill appear here when it's ready.

    Noun

    [edit]

    kala (genitivekala,partitivekalla)

    1. fish

    Inflection

    [edit]
    Inflection ofkala
    singularplural
    nominativekalakalaq
    accusativekalakalaq
    genitivekalakallo
    partitivekallakallo
    illativekallakallo
    kallohe
    inessivekalan
    kalahn
    kalon
    kallon
    kalohn
    kallohn
    elativekalastkalost
    kallost
    allativekalalõkalolõ
    kallolõ
    adessivekalalkalol
    kallol
    ablativekalaltkalolt
    kallolt
    translativekalaskalos
    kallos
    terminativekalaniqkaloniq
    kalloniq
    abessivekalaldaqkaloldaq
    kalloldaq
    comitativekalagaqkallogaq

    Votic

    [edit]
    Kala

    Etymology

    [edit]

    FromProto-Finnic*kala, fromProto-Uralic*kala.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    kala

    1. fish

    Inflection

    [edit]
    Declension ofkala (type III/jalkõ, no gradation)
    singularplural
    nominativekalakalad
    genitivekalakalojõ,kaloi
    partitivekallakaloitõ,kaloi
    illativekallasõ,kallakaloisõ
    inessivekalazkaloiz
    elativekalassõkaloissõ
    allativekalalõkaloilõ
    adessivekalallõkaloillõ
    ablativekalaltõkaloiltõ
    translativekalassikaloissi
    *) theaccusative corresponds with either thegenitive (sg) ornominative (pl)
    **) theterminative is formed by adding the suffix
    -ssaa to the shortillative (sg) or thegenitive.
    ***) thecomitative is formed by adding the suffix
    -ka to thegenitive.

    References

    [edit]
    • Hallap, V.; Adler, E.; Grünberg, S.; Leppik, M. (2012), “kala”, inVadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn

    Zacatepec Chatino

    [edit]

    Adjective

    [edit]

    kala

    1. born (tobe)

    Verb

    [edit]

    kala

    1. tojoin, tounite

    Zigula

    [edit]

    Verb

    [edit]

    kala

    1. tohunt

    Descendants

    [edit]
    • Mbugu: kala

    References

    [edit]
    • Maarten Mous,The Making of a Mixed Language: The Case of Ma'a/Mbugu

    Zulu

    [edit]

    Verb

    [edit]

    -kála

    1. toweigh

    Inflection

    [edit]
    tone H (infinitiveukukala)
    positivenegative
    infinitiveukukalaukungakali
    imperative
    simple+ object concord
    singularkala-kale
    pluralkalani-kaleni
    present
    positive absolutepositive relativepositive participialnegative absolutenegative relativenegative participial
    1st singularngiyakala,ngikalaengikalayo,engikalangikalaangikaliengingakalingingakali
    2nd singularuyakala,ukalaokalayo,okalaukalaawukaliongakaliungakali
    1st pluralsiyakala,sikalaesikalayo,esikalasikalaasikaliesingakalisingakali
    2nd pluralniyakala,nikalaenikalayo,enikalanikalaanikalieningakaliningakali
    class 1uyakala,ukalaokalayo,okalaekalaakakaliongakaliengakali
    class 2bayakala,bakalaabakalayo,abakalabekalaabakaliabangakalibengakali
    class 3uyakala,ukalaokalayo,okalaukalaawukaliongakaliungakali
    class 4iyakala,ikalaekalayo,ekalaikalaayikaliengakaliingakali
    class 5liyakala,likalaelikalayo,elikalalikalaalikalielingakalilingakali
    class 6ayakala,akalaakalayo,akalaekalaawakaliangakaliengakali
    class 7siyakala,sikalaesikalayo,esikalasikalaasikaliesingakalisingakali
    class 8ziyakala,zikalaezikalayo,ezikalazikalaazikaliezingakalizingakali
    class 9iyakala,ikalaekalayo,ekalaikalaayikaliengakaliingakali
    class 10ziyakala,zikalaezikalayo,ezikalazikalaazikaliezingakalizingakali
    class 11luyakala,lukalaolukalayo,olukalalukalaalukaliolungakalilungakali
    class 14buyakala,bukalaobukalayo,obukalabukalaabukaliobungakalibungakali
    class 15kuyakala,kukalaokukalayo,okukalakukalaakukaliokungakalikungakali
    class 17kuyakala,kukalaokukalayo,okukalakukalaakukaliokungakalikungakali
    recent past
    positive absolutepositive relativepositive participialnegative absolutenegative relativenegative participial
    1st singularngikalile,ngikalēengikalile,engikalēngikalile,ngikalēangikalangaengingakalangangingakalanga
    2nd singularukalile,ukalēokalile,okalēukalile,ukalēawukalangaongakalangaungakalanga
    1st pluralsikalile,sikalēesikalile,esikalēsikalile,sikalēasikalangaesingakalangasingakalanga
    2nd pluralnikalile,nikalēenikalile,enikalēnikalile,nikalēanikalangaeningakalanganingakalanga
    class 1ukalile,ukalēokalile,okalēekalile,ekalēakakalangaongakalangaengakalanga
    class 2bakalile,bakalēabakalile,abakalēbekalile,bekalēabakalangaabangakalangabengakalanga
    class 3ukalile,ukalēokalile,okalēukalile,ukalēawukalangaongakalangaungakalanga
    class 4ikalile,ikalēekalile,ekalēikalile,ikalēayikalangaengakalangaingakalanga
    class 5likalile,likalēelikalile,elikalēlikalile,likalēalikalangaelingakalangalingakalanga
    class 6akalile,akalēakalile,akalēekalile,ekalēawakalangaangakalangaengakalanga
    class 7sikalile,sikalēesikalile,esikalēsikalile,sikalēasikalangaesingakalangasingakalanga
    class 8zikalile,zikalēezikalile,ezikalēzikalile,zikalēazikalangaezingakalangazingakalanga
    class 9ikalile,ikalēekalile,ekalēikalile,ikalēayikalangaengakalangaingakalanga
    class 10zikalile,zikalēezikalile,ezikalēzikalile,zikalēazikalangaezingakalangazingakalanga
    class 11lukalile,lukalēolukalile,olukalēlukalile,lukalēalukalangaolungakalangalungakalanga
    class 14bukalile,bukalēobukalile,obukalēbukalile,bukalēabukalangaobungakalangabungakalanga
    class 15kukalile,kukalēokukalile,okukalēkukalile,kukalēakukalangaokungakalangakungakalanga
    class 17kukalile,kukalēokukalile,okukalēkukalile,kukalēakukalangaokungakalangakungakalanga
    remote past
    positive absolutepositive relativepositive participialnegative absolutenegative relativenegative participial
    1st singularngākalaengākalangākalaangikalangaengingakalangangingakalanga
    2nd singularwākalaowākalawākalaawukalangaongakalangaungakalanga
    1st pluralsākalaesākalasākalaasikalangaesingakalangasingakalanga
    2nd pluralnākalaenākalanākalaanikalangaeningakalanganingakalanga
    class 1wākalaowākalaākalaakakalangaongakalangaengakalanga
    class 2bākalaabākalabākalaabakalangaabangakalangabengakalanga
    class 3wākalaowākalawākalaawukalangaongakalangaungakalanga
    class 4yākalaeyākalayākalaayikalangaengakalangaingakalanga
    class 5lākalaelākalalākalaalikalangaelingakalangalingakalanga
    class 6ākalaākalaākalaawakalangaangakalangaengakalanga
    class 7sākalaesākalasākalaasikalangaesingakalangasingakalanga
    class 8zākalaezākalazākalaazikalangaezingakalangazingakalanga
    class 9yākalaeyākalayākalaayikalangaengakalangaingakalanga
    class 10zākalaezākalazākalaazikalangaezingakalangazingakalanga
    class 11lwākalaolwākalalwākalaalukalangaolungakalangalungakalanga
    class 14bākalaobākalabākalaabukalangaobungakalangabungakalanga
    class 15kwākalaokwākalakwākalaakukalangaokungakalangakungakalanga
    class 17kwākalaokwākalakwākalaakukalangaokungakalangakungakalanga
    potential
    positive absolutepositive relativepositive participialnegative absolutenegative relativenegative participial
    1st singularngingakalangingakalangingekalengingekale
    2nd singularungakalaungakalaungekaleungekale
    1st pluralsingakalasingakalasingekalesingekale
    2nd pluralningakalaningakalaningekaleningekale
    class 1angakalaengakalaangekaleengekale
    class 2bangakalabengakalabangekalebengekale
    class 3ungakalaungakalaungekaleungekale
    class 4ingakalaingakalaingekaleingekale
    class 5lingakalalingakalalingekalelingekale
    class 6angakalaengakalaangekaleengekale
    class 7singakalasingakalasingekalesingekale
    class 8zingakalazingakalazingekalezingekale
    class 9ingakalaingakalaingekaleingekale
    class 10zingakalazingakalazingekalezingekale
    class 11lungakalalungakalalungekalelungekale
    class 14bungakalabungakalabungekalebungekale
    class 15kungakalakungakalakungekalekungekale
    class 17kungakalakungakalakungekalekungekale
    immediate future
    positive absolutepositive relativepositive participialnegative absolutenegative relativenegative participial
    1st singularngizokalaengizokalangizokalaangizukalaengingezukalangingezukala
    2nd singularuzokalaozokalauzokalaawuzukalaongezukalaungezukala
    1st pluralsizokalaesizokalasizokalaasizukalaesingezukalasingezukala
    2nd pluralnizokalaenizokalanizokalaanizukalaeningezukalaningezukala
    class 1uzokalaozokalaezokalaakazukalaongezukalaengezukala
    class 2bazokalaabazokalabezokalaabazukalaabangezukalabengezukala
    class 3uzokalaozokalauzokalaawuzukalaongezukalaungezukala
    class 4izokalaezokalaizokalaayizukalaengezukalaingezukala
    class 5lizokalaelizokalalizokalaalizukalaelingezukalalingezukala
    class 6azokalaazokalaezokalaawazukalaangezukalaengezukala
    class 7sizokalaesizokalasizokalaasizukalaesingezukalasingezukala
    class 8zizokalaezizokalazizokalaazizukalaezingezukalazingezukala
    class 9izokalaezokalaizokalaayizukalaengezukalaingezukala
    class 10zizokalaezizokalazizokalaazizukalaezingezukalazingezukala
    class 11luzokalaoluzokalaluzokalaaluzukalaolungezukalalungezukala
    class 14buzokalaobuzokalabuzokalaabuzukalaobungezukalabungezukala
    class 15kuzokalaokuzokalakuzokalaakuzukalaokungezukalakungezukala
    class 17kuzokalaokuzokalakuzokalaakuzukalaokungezukalakungezukala
    remote future
    positive absolutepositive relativepositive participialnegative absolutenegative relativenegative participial
    1st singularngiyokalaengiyokalangiyokalaangiyukalaengingeyukalangingeyukala
    2nd singularuyokalaoyokalauyokalaawuyukalaongeyukalaungeyukala
    1st pluralsiyokalaesiyokalasiyokalaasiyukalaesingeyukalasingeyukala
    2nd pluralniyokalaeniyokalaniyokalaaniyukalaeningeyukalaningeyukala
    class 1uyokalaoyokalaeyokalaakayukalaongeyukalaengeyukala
    class 2bayokalaabayokalabeyokalaabayukalaabangeyukalabengeyukala
    class 3uyokalaoyokalauyokalaawuyukalaongeyukalaungeyukala
    class 4iyokalaeyokalaiyokalaayiyukalaengeyukalaingeyukala
    class 5liyokalaeliyokalaliyokalaaliyukalaelingeyukalalingeyukala
    class 6ayokalaayokalaeyokalaawayukalaangeyukalaengeyukala
    class 7siyokalaesiyokalasiyokalaasiyukalaesingeyukalasingeyukala
    class 8ziyokalaeziyokalaziyokalaaziyukalaezingeyukalazingeyukala
    class 9iyokalaeyokalaiyokalaayiyukalaengeyukalaingeyukala
    class 10ziyokalaeziyokalaziyokalaaziyukalaezingeyukalazingeyukala
    class 11luyokalaoluyokalaluyokalaaluyukalaolungeyukalalungeyukala
    class 14buyokalaobuyokalabuyokalaabuyukalaobungeyukalabungeyukala
    class 15kuyokalaokuyokalakuyokalaakuyukalaokungeyukalakungeyukala
    class 17kuyokalaokuyokalakuyokalaakuyukalaokungeyukalakungeyukala
    present subjunctive
    positivenegative
    1st singularngikalengingakali
    2nd singularukaleungakali
    1st pluralsikalesingakali
    2nd pluralnikaleningakali
    class 1akaleangakali
    class 2bakalebangakali
    class 3ukaleungakali
    class 4ikaleingakali
    class 5likalelingakali
    class 6akaleangakali
    class 7sikalesingakali
    class 8zikalezingakali
    class 9ikaleingakali
    class 10zikalezingakali
    class 11lukalelungakali
    class 14bukalebungakali
    class 15kukalekungakali
    class 17kukalekungakali
    past subjunctive
    positivenegative
    1st singularngakalangangakala,angakala,angangakala
    2nd singularwakalawangakala,awakala,awangakala
    1st pluralsakalasangakala,asakala,asangakala
    2nd pluralnakalanangakala,anakala,anangakala
    class 1wakalawangakala,akakala,akangakala
    class 2bakalabangakala,abakala,abangakala
    class 3wakalawangakala,awakala,awangakala
    class 4yakalayangakala,ayakala,ayangakala
    class 5lakalalangakala,alakala,alangakala
    class 6akalaangakala,awakala,awangakala
    class 7sakalasangakala,asakala,asangakala
    class 8zakalazangakala,azakala,azangakala
    class 9yakalayangakala,ayakala,ayangakala
    class 10zakalazangakala,azakala,azangakala
    class 11lwakalalwangakala,alwakala,alwangakala
    class 14bakalabangakala,abakala,abangakala
    class 15kwakalakwangakala,akwakala,akwangakala
    class 17kwakalakwangakala,akwakala,akwangakala

    References

    [edit]
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=kala&oldid=89483317"
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