^Farelius, Birgitta (2008),Origins of Kingship Traditions and Symbolism in the Great Lakes Region of Africa[1], Uppsala universitet,→ISBN, pages93-97, 115-116.
Blackings, Mairi John (2009),Acholi English – English Acholi Dictionary[2], Munich: LINCOM GmbH,→ISBN, page53
kaka in Géza Bárczi,László Országh,et al., editors,A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.Fifth ed., 1992:→ISBN.
elder, amongpeers(both for family members and non-family members)
used to indicate something that is better, more beautiful, etc. in comparison to something else; that which is being compared is then referred to asandiʼ.
FromProto-Oceanic*kaka(“young coconut frond; coconut leaf sheath”) with semantic broadening from lack of coconuts found naturally in temperate New Zealand[1] – compare withHawaiianʻaʻa,Rarotongankaka,Tahitianʻaʻa, andSamoanʻaʻa;[2] see alsoHawaiianʻaʻa with similar semantic broadening from 'coconut palm sheath' > 'cloth in general' and 'bag'.
^Bruce Biggs (1994), “New Words for a New World”, in A. K. Pawley, M. D. Ross, editors,Austronesian Terminologies: Continuity and Change (Pacific Linguistics Series C;127),Australian National University,→DOI, page29
^Ross, Malcolm D.; Pawley, Andrew; Osmond, Meredith (2008),The lexicon of Proto-Oceanic, volume 3: Plants, Canberra: Australian National University,→ISBN, pages384-5
Williams, Herbert William (1917), “kaka”, inA Dictionary of the Maori Language, page107
“kaka” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011,→ISBN.
page 128: “C) Caca (pc) anſi llamã eſtos [a nueſtra]. C .|. cacayaon .|.ᜃ . [yndi baba] at caca ang mayſuſulat diyan, no . b . ſino . C . es la [q̃ ſe a de poner] ay, Pronuncian la y [eſcriuen la] como ſuena . C . ſaluo ſi alatal . C . [ſe le a de ſeguir] .|. que entonces la pronunciã como .q. y en letra caſtellana ſe eſcriue con . cqi . como, cqipot, ycqina, cqinig, [y otros] los quales ſi ſe eſcriuieſen ſin .q. dirian, icina, cipot, cinig, y realmente ſon de la letra .c. [y con] .cq. ſe ande eſcriuir, y no de otra manera. C. en eſta letra la, ci, ce, ſuenan con cedilla aun que no la tengan, mas en la, ca, co, cu, ſino tienen cedilla, no ſuenan [con ella], y por no auer en la impreſion .C. gran de con cedilla, la pongo toda en la .Z. como, Zabullir, Zerçenar, Zierto, Zoçorbar, Zumo. Noteſe.”
page 350: “Hermano) Caca [(pc)] mayor de todos”
page 409: “Mayor) Caca [(pc)] [en edad]”
page 575: “Tio) Caca [(pc)] hermano mayor de ſu padre q̃ como el hermano le llama caca tambien el ſobrino.”
Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*kaka₂”, in the CLDF dataset fromThe Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–),→DOI
Nişanyan claims that this word developed by itself as aLallwort. However, the examples he gives of how this word is imitating the sounds of people defecating are all fromIndo-European languages, with their reconstructed ancestor beingProto-Indo-European*kakka-(“to defecate”). This, combined with how otherTurkic languages don't have a word of the same origin and meaning, makes it much more likely that this is instead a borrowing. If so, most likely fromGreekκακά(kaká).
CompareFinnishkakka andEstoniankaka, other non-Indo-European languages in close contact with Indo-European ones, bearing similar words that were seemingly not inherited from their proto-languages.
Beaty de Farris, Kathryn; et al. (2012),Diccionario básico del mixteco de Yosondúa, Oaxaca (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”;46)[6] (in Spanish), third edition,Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., pages23–24