^Shaykh Al-Islam ibn Taymiyyah, v. 27, p. 264: “Whosoever does not forbid people from the deen of the Jews and Christians after the prophethood of the messenger Muhammad (saw) nor declares them kafir nor hates them, he is not a Muslim by the consensus of ALL Muslims, their scholars and the general public.”
^Ahmed Affi, Hassan AffiContemporary Interpretation of Islamic Law (Troubador Publishing Ltd 2014,→ISBN), page 12
^Asghar Ali Engineer,Islam in Contemporary World (Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd 2007,→ISBN), xvi
^Rajan, Julie (2015 January 30)Al Qaeda’s Global Crisis: The Islamic State, Takfir and the Genocide of Muslims[1], Routledge, retrieved27 August 2015, page cii
^Bunt, Gary (2009)Muslims[2], The Other Press, retrieved27 August 2015, page ccxxiv
^Pruniere, Gerard (2007 January 1)Darfur: The Ambiguous Genocide[3], Cornell University Press, retrieved27 August 2015, page xvi
To avoid offence, terms such asorang bukan Islam andorang bukan Muslim, respectively meaning a person who is "non-Islam" and a person who is "non-Muslim", are often used instead.
1910,Sven Hedin,Öfver land till Indien I[5], Albert Bonnier, accessed at Litteraturbanken.se, courtesy of Göteborgs universitetsbibliotek, archived fromthe original on2025-03-30, page157:
Men jag är »kafir» i deras ögon och muhamedanerna äta icke från samma fat som en hedning.
But I'm a "kafir" in their eyes, and Mohammedans don't eat from the same plate as a pagan.
2015 June 8,Maria Rashidi, “'När får vi vårt första svenska förortskalifat?'”, inGöteborgs-Posten[6], archived fromthe original on2024-04-06:
Egentligen talar hon om islamister som – till skillnad från många liberala, demokratiska och sekulära muslimer – anser att västerlänningar/kafirer är fiender till deras Gud.
In reality, she's talking about islamists who – in contrast to many liberal, democratic, and secular Muslims – think that Westerners/kafirs are enemies of their God.
2017 May 15,Magda Gad, “Kan bli de värsta striderna hittills”, inExpressen[7], archived fromthe original on2024-04-25:
Saudis kungahus [...] välkomna[de] [...] amerikanska soldater,kafirer som inte tror på islam, till saudisk helig mark.
The Saudi royal family welcomed American soldiers,kafirs who don't believe in Islam, to Saudi holy ground.
