Plural form oftf.

• (modern Egyptological)IPA^(key): /iptɛf/
  • Conventional anglicization:iptef

 f pldistaldemonstrative determiner

1. (Old Egyptian, rare)those

This demonstrative was originally a determiner but could later be used alone, like a pronoun. When used as a determiner it follows or precedes the noun it describes.

In Old Egyptian it forms a contrastive pair with the demonstrativejptn, in whichjptf isdistal.

By Middle Egyptian it is obsolete.

In Old Egyptian this form is also used for the dual. Traditionally this is interpreted as a summary writing of a special dual form*jptfj. An alternative possible interpretation is that there simply was no distinction between the dual and plural demonstrative determiners.

• “jptf (lemma ID 450730)”, inThesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig,2004–26 July 2023
• Erman, Adolf;Grapow, Hermann (1926),Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag,→ISBN,page70.5
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962),A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute,→ISBN,page17
• Edel, Elmar (1955-1964),Altägyptische Grammatik, volume 1, Rome: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum,§ 182 et seq., page 83 et seq.
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1929),The Plural and Dual in Old Egyptian, Bruxelles: Fondation Egyptologique Reine Elisabeth,§ 60, pages61–62
• Loprieno, Antonio (1995),Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,→ISBN

• Egyptian terms with IPA pronunciation
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• Egyptian demonstrative determiners
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