Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム
URL:

Jump to content
WiktionaryThe Free Dictionary
Search

jovial

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Jovial

English

[edit]
WOTD – 11 May 2008,25 September 2019

Etymology

[edit]
TheplanetJupiter photographed on 12 February 2019 by the USNational Aeronautics and Space Administration’sJunospacecraft. The wordjovial can mean “pertaining to theastrologicalinfluence of the planet Jupiter”(sense 2).

First attested in 1590;borrowed fromMiddle Frenchjovial(“under the influence of Jupiter; of Jove; jovial, jolly”), fromItaliangioviale(“(now obsolete) born under the influence of the planet Jupiter”) (attested inDante, Paradiso, canto XVIII, early 14th century), fromLate LatinIoviālis(“relating to the Roman god Jupiter”), fromIuppiter, Iovis(“the Roman god Jove or Jupiter, counterpart of the Greek god Zeus”) (fromProto-Indo-European*dyew-(“to be bright; heaven, sky”)) +-ālis(suffix formingadjectives of relationship); analysable asJove +‎-ial.[1]

Sense 1 (“cheerful and good-humoured”) refers to the fact that individuals born under theastrologicalinfluence of theplanetJupiter were believed to have thatdisposition.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Adjective

[edit]

jovial (comparativemorejovial,superlativemostjovial)

  1. (comparable)Cheerful andgood-humoured;jolly,merry.
    Synonyms:seeThesaurus:happy
    Antonyms:saturnine;see alsoThesaurus:sad
    • 1593, Gabriell Haruey [i.e.,Gabriel Harvey],Pierces Supererogation: Or A New Prayse of the Old Asse. A Preparative to Certaine Larger Discourses, IntituledNashes S. Fame, London: […] Iohn Wolfe,→OCLC; republished asJohn Payne Collier, editor,Pierces Supererogation: Or A New Prayse of the Old Asse. […] (Miscellaneous Tracts. Temp. Eliz. & Jac. I;no. 8),[London]:[s.n.],[1870],→OCLC,page161:
      A melancholy boddy is not the kindeſt nurſe for a chearely minde, (thejoviall complexion is ſoverainly beholding to nature,)[…]
    • 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym;Robert Burton], “Democritvs Ivnior to the Reader”, inThe Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps,→OCLC,page57:
      The moſt ſecure, happy,Ioviall & merry in the worlds eſteeme, are Princes & great men, free from melancholy, but for their cares, miſeries, ſuſpicions, Iealoſies, diſcontents, folly, & madneſſe, I referre you toXenophons Tyrannus, where kingHieron diſcourſeth at large withSimonides the Poet, of this ſubject.
    • 1711 March 13 (Gregorian calendar), [Joseph Addison;Richard Steeleet al.], “FRIDAY, March 2, 1710–1711”, inThe Spectator, number 2; republished inAlexander Chalmers, editor,The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume I, New York, N.Y.:D[aniel] Appleton & Company,1853,→OCLC,page88:
      But being ill-used by the above-mentioned widow, he was very serious for a year and a half; and though, his temper being naturallyjovial, he at last got over it, he grew careless of himself, and never dressed afterwards.
      The spelling has been modernized.
    • 1790 August, “Art V.The Devil upon Two Sticks in England: Being a Continuation ofLe Diable Boiteux ofLe Sage. 12mo. 4 Vols. about 230 Pages in each. 12s. Sewed. Walter, Piccadilly. 1790. [book review]”, inThe Monthly Review; or, Literary Journal, Enlarged, volume II, London: Printed forR[alph] Griffiths; and sold by T[homas] Becket, […],→OCLC,page392:
      [I]n polite ſocieties, he is the eaſy, well-bred man of faſhion; and, in the more convivial parties, he is thejovial companion.
    • 1797,Richard Graves, “On the Death of an Epicure”, inSelect Epigrams. In Two Volumes, volume II, London: Printed by and forSampson Low, […]; and sold by W. H. Lunn, […],→OCLC,page31:
      At length, my friends, thefeaſt of life is o’er; / I’ve eat ſufficient, I can drink no more: / My nigh is come; I’ve ſpent ajovial day;’Tis time to part; but, oh!—what is to pay?
    • 1843 December 19,Charles Dickens, “Stave Five. The End of It.”, inA Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, London:Chapman & Hall, […],→OCLC,pages154–155:
      Running to the window, he opened it, and put out his head. No fog, no mist; clear, bright,jovial, stirring, cold; cold, piping for the blood to dance to; Golden sunlight; Heavenly sky; sweet fresh air; merry bells. Oh, glorious. Glorious!
    • 1905 January 12, Baroness Orczy [i.e.,Emma Orczy], “Lord Grenville’s Ball”, inThe Scarlet Pimpernel, popular edition, London: Greening & Co., published20 March 1912,→OCLC,page115:
      A long,jovial, inane laugh broke the sudden silence which had fallen over everyone.
    • 1918,W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXXIV, inThe Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.:The Bobbs-Merrill Company,→OCLC,page267:
      She takes the whole thing with desperate seriousness. But the others are all easy andjovial—thinking about the good fare that is soon to be eaten, about the hired fly, about anything.
    • 1951 December,Rock Island Lines News Digest, volume X, number12, Chicago, Ill.:Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad Company,→OCLC,page 1:
      [A]jovial Santa Claus with an understanding heart and an attentive ear—[…]
  2. (not comparable, astrology, obsolete) Pertaining to theastrologicalinfluence of theplanetJupiter; having thecharacteristics of a person under such influence(see sense 1).
    • 1682,Joseph Blagrave, “[The Effects of Directions.] The Ascendant to the Body of Jupiter.”, in Obadiah Blagrave, editor,Blagrave’s Introduction to Astrology. In Three Parts. […], London: Printed by E. Tyler, and R. Holt, for Obadiah Blagrave, […],→OCLC, part III,page226:
      This Planet [Jupiter] being a Fortune, and Friend unto nature, inclineth the native, upon this direction, not only unto healthfulneſs, but alſo to bejovial and merry, affable and pleaſant, and to delight in the company of religious men:[…] [T]his direction importeth good fromjovial perſons, and is an excellent time to have dealings with, or to receive any courteſie from, or benefit by them,[…]
    • 1852,William Lilly, Zadkiel [pseudonym;Richard James Morrison], “Of the Fourth House, and Judgments Depending thereon”, inAn Introduction to Astrology […]: A Grammar of Astrology, and Tables for Calculating Nativities. […], London:H[enry] G[eorge] Bohn, […],→OCLC,page145:
      As ☉ is near to a ⚹ of ♃, so did ajovial man endeavour to procure the purchase (after I began), but ♃ is cadent and in detriment, which shewed he should not prevail.

Alternative forms

[edit]

Derived terms

[edit]

Related terms

[edit]

Translations

[edit]
cheerful and good-humoured—see alsojolly,‎merry

References

[edit]
  1. ^“jovial,adj.”, inOED OnlinePaid subscription required⁠, Oxford:Oxford University Press,1901;“jovial,adj.”, inLexico,Dictionary.com;Oxford University Press,2019–2022.
  2. ^Hall, Joseph Sargent (2 March 1942), “2. The Vowel Sounds of Unstressed and Partially Stressed Syllables”, inThe Phonetics of Great Smoky Mountain Speech (American Speech: Reprints and Monographs; 4),New York:King's Crown Press,→DOI,→ISBN,§ II.2, page65.

Further reading

[edit]

Catalan

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Borrowed fromLate LatinIoviālis.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Adjective

[edit]

jovial m orf (masculine and feminine pluraljovials)

  1. cheerful,jovial

Derived terms

[edit]

Related terms

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]

French

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Inherited fromMiddle Frenchjovial, borrowed fromItaliangioviale, fromLate LatinIoviālis. Unrelated tojoie.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Adjective

[edit]

jovial (femininejoviale,masculine pluraljoviaux,feminine pluraljoviales)

  1. jovial,jolly
    Near-synonym:gai

Derived terms

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]

German

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Borrowed fromFrenchjovial, fromItaliangioviale, fromLate LatinIoviālis.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Adjective

[edit]

jovial (strong nominative masculine singularjovialer,comparativejovialer,superlativeamjovialsten)

  1. jovial

Declension

[edit]
Positive forms ofjovial
number & gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuter
predicativeeristjovialsieistjovialesistjovialsiesindjovial
strong declension
(without article)		nominativejovialerjovialejovialesjoviale
genitivejovialenjovialerjovialenjovialer
dativejovialemjovialerjovialemjovialen
accusativejovialenjovialejovialesjoviale
weak declension
(with definite article)		nominativederjovialediejovialedasjovialediejovialen
genitivedesjovialenderjovialendesjovialenderjovialen
dativedemjovialenderjovialendemjovialendenjovialen
accusativedenjovialendiejovialedasjovialediejovialen
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		nominativeeinjovialereinejovialeeinjoviales(keine)jovialen
genitiveeinesjovialeneinerjovialeneinesjovialen(keiner)jovialen
dativeeinemjovialeneinerjovialeneinemjovialen(keinen)jovialen
accusativeeinenjovialeneinejovialeeinjoviales(keine)jovialen
Comparative forms ofjovial
number & gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuter
predicativeeristjovialersieistjovialeresistjovialersiesindjovialer
strong declension
(without article)		nominativejovialererjovialerejovialeresjovialere
genitivejovialerenjovialererjovialerenjovialerer
dativejovialeremjovialererjovialeremjovialeren
accusativejovialerenjovialerejovialeresjovialere
weak declension
(with definite article)		nominativederjovialerediejovialeredasjovialerediejovialeren
genitivedesjovialerenderjovialerendesjovialerenderjovialeren
dativedemjovialerenderjovialerendemjovialerendenjovialeren
accusativedenjovialerendiejovialeredasjovialerediejovialeren
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		nominativeeinjovialerereinejovialereeinjovialeres(keine)jovialeren
genitiveeinesjovialereneinerjovialereneinesjovialeren(keiner)jovialeren
dativeeinemjovialereneinerjovialereneinemjovialeren(keinen)jovialeren
accusativeeinenjovialereneinejovialereeinjovialeres(keine)jovialeren
Superlative forms ofjovial
number & gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuter
predicativeeristamjovialstensieistamjovialstenesistamjovialstensiesindamjovialsten
strong declension
(without article)		nominativejovialsterjovialstejovialstesjovialste
genitivejovialstenjovialsterjovialstenjovialster
dativejovialstemjovialsterjovialstemjovialsten
accusativejovialstenjovialstejovialstesjovialste
weak declension
(with definite article)		nominativederjovialstediejovialstedasjovialstediejovialsten
genitivedesjovialstenderjovialstendesjovialstenderjovialsten
dativedemjovialstenderjovialstendemjovialstendenjovialsten
accusativedenjovialstendiejovialstedasjovialstediejovialsten
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		nominativeeinjovialstereinejovialsteeinjovialstes(keine)jovialsten
genitiveeinesjovialsteneinerjovialsteneinesjovialsten(keiner)jovialsten
dativeeinemjovialsteneinerjovialsteneinemjovialsten(keinen)jovialsten
accusativeeinenjovialsteneinejovialsteeinjovialstes(keine)jovialsten

Descendants

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
  • “jovial” inDuden online
  • “jovial” inDigitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Middle French

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Borrowed fromItaliangioviale, fromLate LatinIoviālis.

Adjective

[edit]

jovial m (feminine singularjoviale,masculine pluraljovials,feminine pluraljoviales)

  1. under the influence of the planetJupiter
  2. of, or pertaining toJove
    • 1552,François Rabelais,The Fourth Book of Pantagruel61:
      Il ia dauant noſtre venue auoit inuenté art & moyen de euocquer la pluye des Cieulx ſeulement vne herbe decouppant commune par les praeries, mais à peu de gens congneue, laquelle il nous monſtra. Et eſtimoys que feuſt celle de laquelle vne ſeule branche iadis mectent le pontifeIouial dedans la fontaine Agrie ſus le mons Lycien en Arcadie on temps de ſeichereſſe, excitoit les vapeurs, des vapeurs eſtoient formees groſſes nuees : les quelles diſſolues en pluye toute la region eſtoit à plaiſir arrouſee.
      (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)
  3. jovial,jolly[from 1566]

Descendants

[edit]

Norwegian Bokmål

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromGermanjovial, fromLatinjovialis.

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): /ju.vi.aːl/,[jʊ.ʋɪ.ˈaːl]
  • Audio:(file)

Adjective

[edit]

jovial (neuter singularjovialt,definite singular and pluraljoviale)

  1. jovial

References

[edit]

“jovial” inThe Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromGermanjovial, fromLatinjovialis.

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): /ju.vi.aːl/,[jʊ.ʋɪ.ˈaːl]

Adjective

[edit]

jovial (neuter singularjovialt,definite singular and pluraljoviale)

  1. jovial

References

[edit]

“jovial” inThe Nynorsk Dictionary.

Portuguese

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Borrowed fromLate LatinIoviālis.

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • (Brazil)IPA(key): /ʒo.viˈaw/[ʒo.vɪˈaʊ̯],(faster pronunciation)/ʒoˈvjaw/[ʒoˈvjaʊ̯]
 

  • Rhymes:-al,-aw
  • Hyphenation:jo‧vi‧al

Adjective

[edit]

jovial m orf (pluraljoviais)

  1. jovial;merry,cheerful

Further reading

[edit]

Romanian

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Borrowed fromFrenchjovial.

Adjective

[edit]

jovial m orn (feminine singularjovială,masculine pluraljoviali,feminine/neuter pluraljoviale)

  1. jocose

Declension

[edit]
Declension ofjovial
singularplural
masculineneuterfemininemasculineneuterfeminine
nominative-
accusative		indefinitejovialjovialăjovialijoviale
definitejovialuljovialajovialiijovialele
genitive-
dative		indefinitejovialjovialejovialijoviale
definitejovialuluijovialeijovialilorjovialelor

Related terms

[edit]

Spanish

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromLate LatinIoviālis.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Adjective

[edit]

jovial m orf (masculine and feminine pluraljoviales)

  1. cheerful,jovial
    Synonym:jocundo
  2. Jovian

Derived terms

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=jovial&oldid=89279965"
Categories:
Hidden categories:
[8]ページ先頭
©2009-2026 Movatter.jp