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jou

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:jo'uandJou

Afrikaans

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Pronunciation

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Alternative forms

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  • djou(Cape Afrikaans)

Etymology 1

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FromDutchjou. Also related toEnglishyou.

Pronoun

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jou (subjectjy)

  1. you (singular, object)

See also

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Afrikaans personal pronouns
subjectiveobjectivepossessive
determiner		possessive
pronoun
singular1stekmymyne
2ndjyjoujoune
2nd, formaluus’n
3rdmaschyhomsysyne
femsyhaarhare
neutditsysyne
plural1stonsonss’n
2ndjulle /jul1julles’n
3rdhulle /hul1hulles’n
1 The formsjul andhul are unstressed variants. They are used mostly in possessive function, but also otherwise, chiefly when the pronoun is repeated within the same sentence.

Etymology 2

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FromDutchjouw.

Determiner

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jou

  1. your (singular)
    • 2016, “In Jou Atmosfeer”, inSal Jy Met My Dans?‎[1], performed by Kurt Darren, South Africa:
      Injou atmosfeer.
      Inyour atmosphere.

See also

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Afrikaans personal pronouns
subjectiveobjectivepossessive
determiner		possessive
pronoun
singular1stekmymyne
2ndjyjoujoune
2nd, formaluus’n
3rdmaschyhomsysyne
femsyhaarhare
neutditsysyne
plural1stonsonss’n
2ndjulle /jul1julles’n
3rdhulle /hul1hulles’n
1 The formsjul andhul are unstressed variants. They are used mostly in possessive function, but also otherwise, chiefly when the pronoun is repeated within the same sentence.

Baltic Romani

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Alternative forms

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Pronoun

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jou (third person masculine singular, nominative case)

  1. (Litovska)he

Declension

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Litovska/Lithuanian Romani personal pronouns
singularpluralreflexive
1st person2nd person3rd person1st person2nd person3rd person
mf
Nominativemētujoujojamētumējonē-
Accusative/
Independent Oblique		mantutlēslaamēntumēnlēnpes
Dativemangetukelēskelakeamēngetumēngelēngepēske
Ablative[1]mandyrtutyrlēstyrlatyramēndyrtumēndyrlēndyrpēstyr
Genitivemmirotyrolēskirolakiroamarotumarolēngiropēskiro
fmirityrilēskirilakiriamaritumarilēngiripēskiri
plmirētyrēlēskirēlakirēamarētumarēlēngirēpēskirē
Locativemandētutēlēstēlatēamēndētumēndēlēndēpēstē
Instrumentalmansatusalēsalasaamēncatumēncalēnsapēsa
Enclitic Reflexivemanpeamēnpe-
  1. ^The ablative is in decline in Lithuanian Romani

Catalan

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Etymology

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Inherited fromOld Catalanjou, fromLatiniugum (compareOccitanjo,Frenchjoug,Spanishyugo), fromProto-Italic*jugom, fromProto-Indo-European*yugóm.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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jou m (pluraljous)

  1. (agriculture, also figuratively)yoke
  2. col(between mountains)
  3. (nautical)transom(type of structural beam)

Derived terms

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Related terms

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Further reading

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Champenois

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited fromOld Frenchjor, fromLate Latindiurnum.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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jou m (pluraljous)

  1. (Troyen, Langrois)day

References

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  • Daunay, Jean (1998),Parlers de Champagne : Pour un classement thématique du vocabulaire des anciens parlers de Champagne (Aube - Marne - Haute-Marne)‎[2] (in French), Rumilly-lés-Vaudes
  • Baudoin, Alphonse (1885),Glossaire de la forêt de Clairvaux‎[3] (in French), Troyes

Dutch

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Dutchjou, fromOld Dutch*jū, a northern (Frisian?) variant of*iu, fromProto-Germanic*iwwiz, a West Germanic variant of*izwiz.Doublet ofu.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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jou

  1. you;second-person singular objective personal pronoun
    Ik zal dit wel even doen voorjou. ―I'll do this foryou.
    Kan ikjou iets vragen?
    Can I askyou something?
    Ik geefjou mijn boek om te lezen.
    I'm givingyou my book to read.
    Zij heeft een cadeau voorjou gekocht.
    She bought a gift foryou.
  2. misspelling ofjouw(“your”)

Usage notes

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  • In informal language, mostly replaced by the unstressed formje, with the formjou used for emphasis or contrast.
Hoe gaat het met je? — Goed. En metjou?
How are you? — I'm good. What aboutyou?
Heb je zijn telefoonnummer voor me? — Dat mag ik je eigenlijk niet geven, maar voorjou maak ik graag een uitzondering.
Could you give me his phone number? — I'm not really supposed to give it out to you, but foryou I'll gladly make an exception.

Declension

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Dutch personal pronouns
subjectobjectpossessivereflexivegenitive5
singularfullunstr.fullunstr.fullunstr.pred.
1st personik'k1mijmemijnm'n1mijnememijner,mijns
2nd personjijjejoujejouwjejouwejejouwer,jouws
2nd person archaic orregiolectalgijgeu–uw–uweuuwer,uws
2nd person formalu–u–uw–uweu,zich7uwer,uws
3rd person masculinehijie1hem'm1zijnz'n1zijnezichzijner,zijns
3rd person femininezijzehaarh'r1,'r1,d'r1haarh'r1,'r1,d'r1harezichharer,haars
3rd person neuterhet't1het't1zijnz'n1zijnezichzijner,zijns
3rd person gender-neutral8hen–hen–hun–hunnezichhunner,huns
plural
1st personwijweons–ons,onze2–onzeonsonzer,onzes
2nd personjulliejejulliejejullieje–je–
2nd person archaic orregiolectal6gijgeu–uw–uweuuwer,uws
2nd person formalu–u–uw–uweu,zich7uwer,uws
3rd personzijzehen3,hun4zehun–hunnezichhunner,huns
1) Not as common in written language.
2) Inflected as anadjective.
3) Inprescriptivist use, used only as direct object (accusative).
4) Inprescriptivist use, used only as indirect object (dative).
5) Archaic. Nowadays used for formal, literary or poetic purposes, and in fixed expressions.
6) To differentiate from the singulargij,gelle (object formelle) and variants are commonly used colloquially in Belgium. Archaic forms aregijlieden andgijlui ("you people").		7)Zich is preferred if the reflexive pronoun immediately follows the subject pronounu, e.g.Meldt u zich aan! 'Log in!', and if the subject pronounu is used with a verb form that is identical with the third person singular but different from the informal second person singular, e.g.U heeft zich aangemeld. 'You have logged in.' Onlyu can be used in an imperative if the subject pronoun is not overt, e.g.Meld u aan! 'Log in!', whereu is the reflexive pronoun. Otherwise, bothu andzich are equally possible, e.g.U meldt u/zich aan. 'You log in.'
8) Not officially recognized in standard Dutch. It has gained popularity, especially in mainstream media and queer circles, as a respectful term fornon-binary individuals.

Alternative forms

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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Verb

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jou

  1. inflection ofjouen:
    1. first-personsingularpresentindicative
    2. (in case ofinversion)second-personsingularpresentindicative
    3. imperative

Finnish

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Etymology

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<Englishyo

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈjou̯/,[ˈjo̞u̯]
  • Rhymes:-ou
  • Syllabification(key):jou
  • Hyphenation(key):jou

Interjection

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jou(slang)

  1. yo(greeting)

Anagrams

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Haitian Creole

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Etymology

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FromFrenchjour.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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jou

  1. day

Japanese

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Romanization

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jou

  1. Thehiragana syllableじょう(jou) or thekatakana syllableジョウ(jou) inHepburn romanization.

Kalo Finnish Romani

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Pronoun

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jou

  1. he

References

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  • “jou” inFinnish Romani-English Dictionary, ROMLEX – theRomani Lexicon Project, 2000.

Loloda

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From olderjo'u, ultimately fromProto-North Halmahera (likely of the form*ḋohu); compareGalelaḋohu,Tabarudou,Sahurou,Tidoreyohu.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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jou

  1. thefoot, lowerleg

References

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  • M. J. van Baarda (1904),Het Lòda'sch, in vergelijking met het Galėla'sch dialect op Halmaheira

Mbyá Guaraní

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Verb

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jou

  1. tofind
  2. toobtain

Conjugation

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    Conjugation of jou
singularplural
1st person2nd person3rd person1st person
inclusive		1st person
exclusive		2nd person3rd person
xeeajoundeeerejouha'eojounhandejajouoreorojoupeẽpejouha'eojou

Old French

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Pronoun

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jou

  1. alternative form ofje

Romansch

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Pronoun

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jou(Sutsilvan)

  1. alternative form ofjau(“I”)

Saterland Frisian

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromOld Frisianjūwe, fromProto-West Germanic*iuwar, fromProto-Germanic*izweraz. Cognates includeWest Frisianjim andGermaneuer.

Determiner

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jou (predicativejouens)

  1. your
See also
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Saterland Frisian possessives
possessive determinerspossessive pronouns
masculine
referent		other
referent		masculine
referent		other
referent
singular1stminmienminnenmienen
2nddindiendinnendienen
3rdm ornsinsiensinnensienen
fhierehierens
plural1stuusuzen
2ndjoujouens
3rdhierehierens

Etymology 2

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FromOld Frisianjō, fromProto-West Germanic*iuwiz, fromProto-Germanic*izwiz. Cognates includeWest Frisianjo andGermaneuch.

Pronoun

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jou

  1. yourselves
See also
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Saterland Frisian reflexive pronouns
1st person2nd person3rd person
singularmiediesik
pluraluusjou

Pronoun

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jou

  1. oblique ofjie;you
See also
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Saterland Frisian personal pronouns
subject caseobject case
stressedunstressed
singular1stiekmie
2nddudie
3rdmhieerhim
fjuzehier
ndätetdät
plural1stwieuus
2ndjiejou
3rdjozehier

References

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  • Marron C. Fort (2015), “jou”, inSaterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske,→ISBN

Ternate

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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jou

  1. alternative spelling ofjoou(“lord”)

References

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  • Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890),Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
  • Rika Hayami-Allen (2001),A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Toba Batak

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Verb

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jou (activemanjou)

  1. (transitive) tocall

References

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  • J. Warneck (1906),Tobabataksch-Deutsches Wörterbuch‎[4], Batavia: Landsdrukkerij,page57

West Frisian

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Verb

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jou

  1. first-personsingularpresent ofjaan (togive)
  2. imperative ofjaan (togive)
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