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jaw

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English

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jaw

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishjawe/jowe(“jaw; sides of the lower face”,14th century), the further origin of which is disputed. Either:

  • FromAnglo-Normanjowe, fromOld Frenchjoe(“cheek; jaw”),[1] fromVulgar Latin*ga(v)ota(“cheek”), of uncertain further origin.
    • It has been objected that the rhyming ofjowe(“jaw”) withclowe(“claw”) in Middle English demonstrates that it did not have the vowel /uː/.[2] This would be a concern if /uː/ were the vowel to expect from a borrowing of the Old French word, which it is not.[3][4] Compare Englishpaw < Middle Englishpawe/powe < Anglo-Normanpowe < Old Frenchpoe.[note 1]
  • From Middle English*chowe, from Old English*ċēowe. The main difficulties with this theory are the notable lack of evidence and the late attestation ofchaw[5] (early 16th century). If it is correct, then the further origin would be Proto-West Germanic*keuwā(“jaw”), whence Saterland FrisianKiuwe, Dutchkieuw, GermanKeu,Käu. For the initial consonant, comparejowl as a variant ofchavel/chawl.

It is also conceivable that the word is amerger of two coincidentally similar sources. GraduallydisplacedMiddle Englishchavel (from Old Englishċeafl).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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jaw (pluraljaws)

  1. One of thebones, usuallybearingteeth, which form theframework of themouth.
  2. The part of thefacebelow themouth.
    Hisjaw dropped in amazement.
  3. (figuratively, especially in the plural) Anythingresembling the jaw (sense 1) of ananimal inform oraction; themouth orway ofentrance.
    thejaws of a pass; thejaws of darkness; thejaws of death.
  4. Anotch oropening.
  5. Anotched orforked part,adapted forholding anobjectin place.
    thejaw of a railway-car pedestal.
  6. One of apair ofopposing parts which aremovable towards or from each other, forgrasping orcrushing anything between them.
    thejaws of a vise; thejaws of a stone-crushing machine.
  7. (nautical) Theinnerend of aboom orgaff,hollowed in ahalfcircle so as tomovefreely on amast.
  8. (slang, dated)Impudent,abusive, orworthlesstalk.
  9. (slang) Anaxle guard.
  11. (snooker) Thecurved part of thecushionmarking theentry to thepocket.
Derived terms
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Translations
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bone of the jaw
bone itself with the teeth and covering
one of a pair of opposing parts for grasping or crushing anything between them
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
See also
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Verb

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jaw (third-person singular simple presentjaws,present participlejawing,simple past and past participlejawed)

  1. (transitive) Toassail orabuse byscolding.
    • 1933,Ethel Lina White,The Spiral Staircase (Some Must Watch), Chapter 4,[3]
      He built the Summit, so as to have no neighbours. And Lady Warren couldn't abide It. She was alwaysjawing him about it, and they had one awful quarrel, in his study.
  2. (intransitive) Toscold; toclamor.
    • 1748,Tobias Smollett, chapter 24, inThe Adventures of Roderick Random‎[4]:
      […] he waked him, which put him in a main high passion, and he swore woundily at the lieutenant, and called him lousy Scotch son of a whore[…], and swab, and lubber, whereby the lieutenant returned the salute, and theyjawed together fore and aft a good spell, till at last the captain turned out, and, laying hold of a rattan, came athwart Mr. Bowling's quarter: whereby he told the captain that, if he was not his commander, he would heave him overboard[…]
  3. (intransitive, informal) Totalk; toconverse.
    Synonyms:chat,discourse,parley;see alsoThesaurus:converse
  4. (snooker, transitive, intransitive) (of a ball) To stick in the jaws of a pocket.
Derived terms
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References

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  1. ^“jou(e,n.”, inMED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan,2007.
  2. ^“jaw,n1.”, inOED OnlinePaid subscription required⁠, Oxford:Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
  3. ^Foster, Brian (1970), “ENGLISH 'JAW': A Borrowing from French”, inNeuphilologische Mitteilungen‎[1], volume71, number 1, Modern Language Society, pages99-101
  4. ^Short, Ian. 2017.Manual of Anglo-Norman. London: Anglo-Norman Text Society. §5.4.
  5. ^“jaw,n1.”, inOED OnlinePaid subscription required⁠, Oxford:Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
  1. ^There exist no English words where /aʊ̯/ (implying a Middle English /uː/) corresponds to the Old French /ɔə/ found in words likejoe andpoe. Cf. also Englishhoe,mow,scrow < Middle Englishhowe,mowe/mawe(s),scrowe/scrawe < Anglo-Normanhowe,mowe,escrowe < Old Frenchhoe,moe,escroe.

Etymology 2

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Uncertain. Attested since 1513 (as a verb and noun) in Scots. TheDSL speculates that it might be related to Scots (and Northern English dialectal)jall,joll "knock, bump; toll (a bell)" via the notion of knocking "one thing against another, as waves on a rock". TheEDD compares Old Norsejaga(“move to and fro”).

Verb

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jaw (third-person singular simple presentjaws,present participlejawing,simple past and past participlejawed)

  1. (Scotland, transitive) To pour or throw out.
    • 1863, James Nicholson,Kilwuddie and other poems, page80:
      Bletherum bore her to the vestry,Jaw'd some water in her face; […]
    • 1896, Peter Hay Hunter,James Inwick: Ploughman and Elder, page145:
      Nae need tojaw watter on a droun'd moose.
  2. (Scotland, transitive, of water) To splash; to surge.
    • 1877, Walter Watson,The Poems and Songs of Walter Watson, page100:
      'Twas freezin', thowin', rainin', snawin', In souple turns; While sheughs an' deep fur-drains were jawin' To spate the burns.
    • 1879, David Gilmour,Reminiscences of the Pen' Folk: Paisley Weavers of Other Days, Etc, page52:
      ... a burn "whilesjawin' like a sea."
    • 1885, Francis James Child, George Lyman Kittredge,The English and Scottish Popular Ballads, page223:
      ... stately tower,[…] Whilk proud defies thejawing wave, Built on a rock […]
Derived terms
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Noun

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jaw (pluraljaws)

  1. (Scotland, Northern England) Awave, abillow, abreaker.
    • 1815, Robert Fergusson,The Poems of Robert Fergusson: in Two Parts. To which is Prefixed, the Life of the Author, and a Sketch of His Writings; with a Copious Glossary Annexed, page269:
      Upo' the briny Borean jaws to float,
    • 1880, James E. Watt,Poetical Sketches of Scottish Life and Character, page20:
      ... a craft[…] That, like the white sea-mew, jinket thejaws On the briny breist o' the main.
    • 1882, Francis James Child, George Lyman Kittredge,The English and Scottish Popular Ballads, page21:
      ... ugly , ugly were thejaws That rowd unto their knee.
    • 1892, James Lumsden, Samuel Mucklebackit,Sheep-head and Trotters: Being Savoury Selections, Poetic and Prosaic, from the Bulky Literary Remains of Samuel Mucklebackit and Thomas Pintail, Late Parnassian Hill and Arable Farmers in Lothian..., page164:
      Scores o' our sturdiest farmers fail / To jouk the jaw, / An' broken-hearted […]
  2. (Scotland, Northern England) Adash orspurt of water; any large quantity of water or other liquid.
    • 1813, Ebenezer Picken,Miscellaneous Poems, Songs, &c., Partly in the Scottish Dialect: With a Glossary, page80:
      But sweetly bends the reamin' bicker, To drown dull care injaws o' liquor.
    • 1817 [1685?], Robert Brown,Comic Poems of the Years 1685, and 1793: On Rustic Scenes in Scotland, at the Times to which They Refer : with Explanatory and Illustrative Notes, page62:
      The nauseous mixture fell, When full in play; Wi'jaws upon the sprawling hash, […]
    • 1827, William Tennant,Papistry Storm'd: Or, The Dingin' Down O' the Cathedral : Ane Poem, in Sax Sangs, page84:
      But Fisher - Willie and the lairds[…] wash't their gebbies and their beards In sparklin'jaws o' claret. They're comin'! cry'd a bodie out; They're comin' now […]
    • 1866, Sidney Gilpin,The Songs and Ballads of Cumberland: To which are Added Dialect and Other Poems ; with Biographical Sketches, Notes, and Glossary, page275:
      Wi'jaws o' yell some durty beutts / Pat loft suin in a slatter;
    • 1876, Elizabeth Lynn Linton,Lizzie Lorton of Greyrigg: A Novel ..., page279:
      ... a certain slight rollick in his voice and accent , perhaps due to the "jaws o' yell" in the yard yonder.
    • 1887, John Service,The Life and Recollections of Doctor Duguid of Kilwinning, page125:
      ... , when he was gaun to be very big, and order in a greatjaw of drink for the company,[…]

See also

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etymologically unrelated

References

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North Frisian

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Pronoun

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jaw

  1. your(second personal pronoun plural possessive)

See also

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Polish

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Pronunciation

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  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes:-af
  • Syllabification:jaw

Etymology 1

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Seehaw.

Adverb

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jaw (notcomparable)

  1. (Żywiec)alternative form ofhajwo

Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

Noun

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jaw f

  1. genitiveplural ofjawa

Etymology 3

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See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

Verb

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jaw

  1. second-personsingularimperative ofjawić

Further reading

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  • Leon Rzeszowski (1891), “jaw”, in “Spis wyrazów ludowych z okolic Żywca”, inSprawozdania Komisyi Językowej Akademii Umiejętności‎[5], volume 4, Krakow: Drukarnia Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, page356
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