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instruct

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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Etymology

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FromLatinīnstrūctus, perfect passive participle ofīnstruō(“I instruct; I arrange, furnish, or provide”).

Pronunciation

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(UK, US)IPA^(key): /ɪnˈstɹʌkt/
- Audio(US): (file)
(General Australian)IPA^(key): /ɪnˈstɹakt/
Rhymes:-ʌkt

Verb

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instruct (third-person singular simple presentinstructs,present participleinstructing,simple past and past participleinstructed)

(transitive) Toteach by givinginstructions.
Synonyms:educate,guide
Listen carefully when someoneinstructs you how to assemble the furniture.
- c.1603–1604 (date written),William Shakespeare, “Measure for Measure”, inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, andEd[ward] Blount, published1623,→OCLC,[Act I, scene iii]:
  Supply me with the habit andinstruct me
  How I may formally in person bear me
  Like a true friar.
- 1682,Aphra Behn,The False Count‎^[1], London: Jacob Tonson, act III, scene 2, page33:
  What a dishonour’s this, to me, to have so Dull a Father, that needs to beinstructed in his Duty.
- 1751,Samuel Johnson,The Rambler, No. 156, 14 September, 1751, in Volume 5, London: J. Payne and J. Bouquet, 1752, p. 177,^[2]
  […] the design of tragedy is toinstruct by moving the passions,
- 1850,Nathaniel Hawthorne, “chapter 10”, inThe Scarlet Letter, a Romance, Boston, Mass.:Ticknor, Reed, and Fields,→OCLC:
  […] I should deem you a man sore sick, it may be, yet not so sick but that aninstructed and watchful physician might well hope to cure you.
- 1974,Robert M[aynard] Pirsig, chapter 29, inZen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance: An Inquiry into Values, New York, N.Y.:William Morrow & Company,→ISBN, part 4,page353:
  At the Laundromat Iinstruct Chris on how to operate the drier, start the washing machines[…]
(transitive) To tell (someone) what they must or should do.
Synonyms:command,direct,order
Usage note: "instruct" is less forceful than "order", but weightier than "advise"
The doctorinstructed me to keep my arm immobilised and begin physiotherapy.
- 1591 (date written),William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, andEd[ward] Blount, published1623,→OCLC,[Act III, scene i]:
  What, shall a childinstruct you what to do?
- 1847 January –1848 July,William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 39, inVanity Fair […], London:Bradbury and Evans […], published1848,→OCLC:
  All the servants wereinstructed to address her as “Mum,” or “Madam”[…]
- 1989,John Irving, chapter 5, inA Prayer for Owen Meany‎^[3], New York: Ballantine, published1997, page195:
  Observing that the Christ Child’s nose was running, she deftly wiped it; then she held the handkerchief in place, whileinstructing him to “blow.”
(transitive) To give (one's ownlawyer) legalinstructions as to how they shouldact in relation to a particular issue; thereby formally appointing them as one's own legalrepresentative in relation to it.
If you're not careful, I'm going toinstruct a solicitor over this.

teach, give instruction

Arabic:لقَّن
Azerbaijani:təlim etmək
Bulgarian:уча (bg)(uča),обучавам (bg)(obučavam),инструктирам (bg)(instruktiram)
Catalan:instruir (ca)
Cherokee:ᏕᎨᏲᎲᏍᎦ(degeyohvsga)
Chinese:
Mandarin:教 (zh)(jiāo)(teach),教育 (zh)(jiàoyù)(educate),指示 (zh)(zhǐshì)(point out)
Comorian:
Maore Comorian:usomedza
Ngazidja Comorian:ufundisha
Cornish:adhyski,dyski(Revived Middle Cornish),deski(Revived Late Cornish)
Danish:instruere,lære (da)
Dutch:instrueren (nl)
Esperanto:instrui (eo)
Finnish:opettaa (fi),neuvoa (fi),opastaa (fi)
French:instruire (fr),enseigner (fr),apprendre (fr)
German:instruieren (de),briefen (de)
Gothic:𐍄𐌰𐌻𐌶𐌾𐌰𐌽(talzjan)
Greek:
Ancient Greek:διδάσκω(didáskō),μαθητεύω(mathēteúō),κατηχέω(katēkhéō)
Hungarian:tájékoztat (hu),tanít (hu),oktat (hu)
Irish:teagasc
Italian:istruire (it),insegnare (it),apprendere (it)
Latin:addoceō,doceō (la)
Russian:инструкти́ровать (ru) impf(instruktírovatʹ)
Sanskrit:शास्ति (sa)(śāsti)
Spanish:instruir (es)
Swedish:instruera (sv)
Tocharian B:āks-
Turkish:
Ottoman Turkish:اوكرتمك(öğretmek)
Ugaritic:𐎍𐎎𐎄(lmd)

order, direct

Bulgarian:заповядвам (bg)(zapovjadvam)
Chinese:
Mandarin:指令 (zh)(zhǐlìng)(order),聘請 /聘请 (zh)(pìnqǐng)(instruct (a solicitor, etc.))
Danish:anvise
Esperanto:instrukcii
Finnish:ohjata (fi),käskeä (fi),opastaa (fi)
German:anweisen (de)
Hungarian:utasít (hu)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Danish:instruere,undervise (da)
Irish:deachtaigh
Japanese:教える (ja)(おしえる, oshieru),指示する (ja)(しじする, shiji suru)
Latin:instruo (la)
Norwegian:instruere,undervise (no)
Romanian:instrui (ro)
Russian:инструкти́ровать (ru) impf(instruktírovatʹ),проинструкти́ровать (ru) pf(proinstruktírovatʹ),учи́ть (ru) impf(učítʹ),обуча́ть (ru) impf(obučátʹ),обучи́ть (ru) pf(obučítʹ),научи́ть (ru) pf(naučítʹ)

Noun

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instruct (pluralinstructs)

(obsolete)Instruction.

Adjective

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instruct (notcomparable)

(obsolete) Arranged; furnished; provided.
- c.1615,George Chapman, transl.,Homer’sOdysses‎^[4], London: Nathaniell Butter,Book 4, p. 62:
  For he had neither ship,instruct with oares,
  Nor men to fetch him from those stranger shores.
(obsolete) Instructed; taught; enlightened.
- 1671,John Milton,Paradise Regained‎^[5], London: John Starkey,Book 1, lines 438-441, p. 24:
  Who ever by consulting at thy shrine
  Return’d the wiser, or the moreinstruct
  To flye or follow what concern’d him most,
  And run not sooner to his fatal snare?