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ill

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:'ill,ill.,I'll,Ill.,andILL

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishille(“evil; wicked”), fromOld Norseillr(adj),illa(adverb),ilt(noun) (whenceIcelandicillur,Norwegianille,Danishilde), fromProto-Germanic*ilhilaz, fromProto-Indo-European*h₁elḱ- (whenceLatinulcus(“sore”),Ancient Greekἕλκος(hélkos,“wound, ulcer”),Sanskritअर्शस्(árśas,“hemorrhoids”).[1]

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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ill (comparativeillerormoreill,superlativeillestormostill)

  1. (obsolete)Evil;wicked (of people).[13th–19th c.]
    • 1709 December 6,Francis Atterbury,A Sermon Preached before the Sons of the Clergy, at their Anniversary-Meeting, in the Church of St. Paul:
      St. Paul chose to magnify his office whenill men conspired to lessen it.
    • 1749,Henry Fielding,The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume(please specify |volume=I to VI), London:A[ndrew] Millar, […],→OCLC:
      A man who is conscious of having anill character, cannot justly be angry with those who neglect and slight him.
  2. (archaic) Morally reprehensible (of behaviour etc.);blameworthy.[from 13th c.]
  3. Indicative ofunkind ormalevolent intentions;harsh,cruel.[from 14th c.]
    He suffered fromill treatment.
  4. Unpropitious, unkind, faulty, not up to reasonable standard.
    ill manners;ill will
    • 1959,Georgette Heyer, chapter 1, inThe Unknown Ajax:
      […]his lordship was out of humour. That was the way Chollacombe described as knaggy an old gager as ever Charles had had theill-fortune to serve. Stiff-rumped, that's what he was, always rubbing the rust, or riding grub, like he had been for months past.
  5. Unwell in terms ofhealth or physical condition;sick.[from 15th c.]
    mentallyill people
    I've beenill with the flu for the past few days.
  6. Nauseous; having an urge tovomit.[from 20th c.]
    Seeing those pictures made meill.
  7. (slang, chiefly hip-hop)Sublime, with the connotation of being so in a singularlycreative way.
    This is theillest beat I've ever heard.
    • 1994,Biggie Smalls, “The What”:
      Biggie Smalls is theillest / Your style is played out, like Arnold wonderin "Whatchu talkin bout, Willis?"
  8. (slang) Extremely bad (bad enough to make one ill). Generally used indirectly withto be.
    That band wasill.
  9. (dated)Unwise; not a good idea.
    • 1672,George Swinnock,The Incomparableness of God:
      Oh that when the devil and flesh entice the sinner to sport with and make a mock of sin, Prov. x. 23, he would but consider, it isill jesting with edged tools, it isill jesting with unquenchable burnings;[…]
    • 1914,Indian Ink, volume 1, page32:
      They arrested everybody—and it isill to resist a drunken Tommy with a loaded rifle!
  10. (Appalachia) Bad-tempered.

Usage notes

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  • The comparativeiller and superlativeillest are not commonly used outside of the slang sensesublime; instead, other terms such asworse andworst are frequently substituted instead.

Synonyms

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Antonyms

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  • (antonym(s) of“suffering from a disease”):fine,hale,healthy, in good health,well
  • (antonym(s) of“bad”):good
  • (antonym(s) of“in hip-hop slang: sublime”):wack

Derived terms

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Terms derived fromill (adjective)

Translations

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in poor health, suffering from a disease
having an urge to vomit
bad—seebad
in hip-hop slang: sublime
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

References

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  1. ^Michiel de Vaan,Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the Other Italic Languages, s.v. "ulcus" (Leiden: Brill, 2008), 637.

Adverb

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ill (comparativeworseormoreill,superlativeworstormost)

  1. Notwell;imperfectly,badly
    • 1837,L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “A Proposal of Marriage”, inEthel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume I, London:Henry Colburn, […],→OCLC,page126:
      He would have conversed as usual; but his attempts were soill seconded, that he was fain to take refuge in the letters that lay beside him.
    • 1859 December 13,Charles Dickens [et al.], “(please specify the name of the story)”, inCharles Dickens, editor,The Haunted House. The Extra Christmas Number ofAll the Year Round […], volume II, London: […] C[harles] Whiting, […],→OCLC:
      Within, I found it, as I had expected, transcendently dismal. The slowly changing shadows waved on it from the heavy trees, were doleful in the last degree; the house wasill-placed,ill-built,ill-planned, andill-fitted.
    • 1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster,The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.:Field Museum of Natural History,→ISBN, page 3:
      In both groups, however, we find copious and intricate speciation so that, often, species limits are narrow andill defined.
    • 1994, Nelson Mandela,Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela, London:Abacus, published2010, page541:
      His inflexibility and blindnessill become a leader, for a leader must temper justice with mercy.
    • 2006, Julia Borossa (translator), Monique Canto-Sperber (quoted author), inLibération, 2002 February 2, quoted inÉlisabeth Badinter (quoting author),Dead End Feminism, Polity,→ISBN,page 40:
      Is it because this supposes an undifferentiated violence towards others and oneself that I couldill imagine in a woman?

Synonyms

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Antonyms

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Derived terms

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Terms derived fromill (adverb)

Translations

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not well

Noun

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ill (countable anduncountable,pluralills)

  1. (oftenpluralized)Trouble;distress;misfortune;adversity.
    Music won't solve all the world'sills, but it can make them easier to bear.
  2. Harm orinjury.
    I wouldn't want you to do meill.
  3. Evil;moralwrongfulness.
  4. A physicalailment; anillness.
    I am incapacitated by rheumatism and otherills.
  5. (US, slang, uncountable)PCP,phencyclidine.

Derived terms

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Translations

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a problem
a physical ailment; an illness
something damaging

Verb

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ill (third-person singular simple presentills,present participleilling,simple past and past participleilled)

  1. (intransitive, slang, dated) To behave aggressively.
    • 1985,Ralph Farquhar,Krush Groove:
      D.M.C.: You beenillin' lately.
      Run: So, I'millin'. Am Iillin'? Chillin'! You know what I'm sayin'? Chillin'.

References

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  • Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed., 1989.
  • Random House Webster's Unabridged Electronic Dictionary, 1987-1996.

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology

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FromOld Norseillr, fromProto-Germanic*ilhilaz. AlongEnglishill, probably cognate withIrisholc.

Adjective

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ill (masculine and feminineill,neuterilt,definite singular and pluralille,comparativeillare,superlative indefiniteillast,superlative definiteillaste)

  1. bad
  2. sore
  3. angry,wroth
  4. (in compounds)strong,very

Related terms

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References

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Old Norse

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Adjective

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ill

  1. inflection ofillr:
    1. strongfemininenominativesingular
    2. strongneuternominative/accusativeplural

Scots

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Adjective

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ill (comparativewaur,superlativewarst)

  1. ill
  2. bad,evil,wicked
  3. harsh,severe
  4. profane
  5. difficult,troublesome
  6. awkward,unskilled

Adverb

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ill (comparativewaur,superlativewarst)

  1. ill
  2. badly,evilly,wickedly
  3. harshly,severely
  4. profanely
  5. withdifficulty
  6. awkwardly,inexpertly

Noun

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ill (pluralills)

  1. ill
  2. ill will,malice

Yola

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishille, fromOld Norseillr.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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ill

  1. ill
    • 1867,GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:
      Ill een.
      Ill end.

Etymology 2

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Verb

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ill

  1. Alternative form ofwoul(“will”)

References

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  • Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor,A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published1867,page37 & 48
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