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ik

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "ik"

Translingual

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Symbol

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ik

  1. (international standards)ISO 639-1language code forInupiaq.

English

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Phrase

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ik

  1. (Internetslang, text messaging)Alternativeletter-case form ofIK.

Anagrams

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Afrikaans

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ik

  1. (Cape Afrikaans or archaic)Alternative form ofek

Albanian

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Verb

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ik

  1. second-personsingularimperative ofiki

Angguruk Yali

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Noun

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ik

  1. water

References

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Bergish

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Alternative forms

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  • ek(Barmen (Wuppertal))

Pronoun

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ik

  1. (Mölmsch)I(first person pronoun)

Further reading

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  • H. K. vam Hingberg (that's H. Kühne),Ut auler un neier Tied. Erzählungen in niederdeutscher Mundart [From old and new times(in Low Franconian, more specifically Mölmsch). Stories in Low German dialect(in Standard High German)], 1872 (vol. I)

Danish

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Adverb

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ik

  1. Alternative form ofik'

Dutch

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Dutchic, fromOld Dutchik, fromProto-West Germanic*ik, fromProto-Germanic*ek, fromProto-Indo-European*éǵh₂. CompareLow Germanik,West Frisianik,Germanich,EnglishI,Danishjeg.SeeI (English, etymology 3).[1]

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): (stressed)/ɪk/,(unstressed)/ək/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation:ik
  • Rhymes:-ɪk

Pronoun

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ik

  1. I(first-person singular personal pronoun)

Declension

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Dutch personal pronouns
subjectobjectpossessivereflexivegenitive5
singularfullunstr.fullunstr.fullunstr.pred.
1st personik'k1mijmemijnm'n1mijnememijner,mijns
2nd personjijjejoujejouwjejouwejejouwer,jouws
2nd person archaic orregiolectalgijgeu–uw–uweuuwer,uws
2nd person formalu–u–uw–uweu,zich7uwer,uws
3rd person masculinehijie1hem'm1zijnz'n1zijnezichzijner,zijns
3rd person femininezijzehaarh'r1,'r1,d'r1haarh'r1,'r1,d'r1harezichharer,haars
3rd person neuterhet't1het't1zijnz'n1zijnezichzijner,zijns
plural
1st personwijweons–ons,onze2–onzeonsonzer,onzes
2nd personjulliejejulliejejullieje–je–
2nd person archaic orregiolectal6gijgeu–uw–uweuuwer,uws
2nd person formalu–u–uw–uweu,zich7uwer,uws
3rd personzijzehen3,hun4zehun–hunnezichhunner,huns
1) Not as common in written language.
2) Inflected as anadjective.
3) Inprescriptivist use, used only as direct object (accusative).
4) Inprescriptivist use, used only as indirect object (dative).
5) Archaic. Nowadays used for formal, literary or poetic purposes, and in fixed expressions.
6) To differentiate from the singulargij,gelle (object formelle) and variants are commonly used colloquially in Belgium. Archaic forms aregijlieden andgijlui ("you people").		7)Zich is preferred if the reflexive pronoun immediately follows the subject pronounu, e.g.Meldt u zich aan! 'Log in!', and if the subject pronounu is used with a verb form that is identical with the third person singular but different from the informal second person singular, e.g.U heeft zich aangemeld. 'You have logged in.' Onlyu can be used in an imperative if the subject pronoun is not overt, e.g.Meld u aan! 'Log in!', whereu is the reflexive pronoun. Otherwise, bothu andzich are equally possible, e.g.U meldt u/zich aan. 'You log in.'

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Afrikaans:ek
  • Berbice Creole Dutch:eke
  • Jersey Dutch:äk
  • Petjo:ik
  • Skepi Creole Dutch:ek

References

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  1. ^Friedrich Kluge (1989) “ik”, inElmar Seebold, editor,Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter,→ISBN

German Low German

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Alternative forms

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  • (enclitic)-'k,'k
  • (Waldeckisch, when strongly emphasised; scientific spelling) ikə
  • ick
  • (as alternative form ofick, enclitic)'ck
  • (as alternative form ofick, when strongly emphasised, rare)icke
  • (Eastphalia, Lippe, County of Mark, Ruhr area)ek,eck
  • (Low Prussian)öck,eck

Etymology

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FromMiddle Low Germanik, fromOld Saxonik, fromProto-Germanic*ek, fromProto-Indo-European*éǵh₂.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ik

  1. (most northern and western dialects)I(first person singular pronoun)
    Ik kem, ik sach, ik wünd.
    I came, I saw, I conquered. (Veni, vidi, vici. Attributed toJulius Caesar.)

Declension

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In Störmede:[1]

1st person2nd person3rd person
MasculineFeminineNeuter
SingularNominativeikdiuhoisoiiät
(Genitive)(van meune)(van deune)(van seune)(van iähre)(van seune)
Dativemeudeuiähneiähriähne
Accusativesoiiät
PluralNominativeweujeusoi
(Genitive)(van use)(van jiue)(van iähre)
Dativeusjiuiähnen
Accusativesoi

Related terms

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See also

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References

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  1. ^Franz Kemper:Stürmeder Platt: Wi et lutt düt un dat. 1998, p. 18

Gothic

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Romanization

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ik

  1. Romanization of𐌹𐌺

Iberian

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A user has added this entry torequests for verification(+)
If it cannot be verified that this term meets ourattestation criteria, it will be deleted. Feel free to edit this entry as normal, but do not remove{{rfv}} until the request has been resolved.

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Unknown. Potentially can be related toBasquehi(“you”)

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ik

  1. my (firt person singular possesive)
    teŕ ke kin eŕ tinik u
    A powerful achievement to completemy aspirations
  2. self
    baŕ kar baŕ kaik e
    Outstanding authority, the result of outstandingself-control
  3. own
    lokaŕik ge etan
    within reach through (her)own effort

References

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  • Villamor, Fernando (2020) A basic dictionary and grammar of the Iberian language

Kaqchikel

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Noun

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ik

  1. sun
  2. chili

Kiautschou German Pidgin

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Pronoun

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ik

  1. I(first person singular pronoun)

Latvian

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Adverb

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ik

  1. every

Marshallese

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Noun

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ik

  1. Alternative spelling ofek

Middle English

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Etymology

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FromOld Englishic, perhaps with influence fromOld Norseek; both fromProto-Germanic*ik,*ek, fromProto-Indo-European*éǵh₂(“I”).

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ik

  1. (chiefly Northern dialectal)Alternative form ofI

Descendants

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Middle Low German

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromOld Saxonik

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ik

  1. I(first person singular nominative)

Declension

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Middle Low German personal pronouns
nominativeaccusativedativegenitive
singular1st personik (ek)mî (mê,mik,mek)mîn (mîner)
2nd persondûdî (dê,dik,dek)dîn (dîner)
3rd personmhê (hî,hie)ēne,en (ȫne,ȫn)ēme,em (ȫme,en)sîn (sîner)
nit (et)
fsê (sî,sie,sü̂)ēre,ēr (ērer,ȫrer)
plural1st personwî (wê,wie)uns (ûs,ös,ü̂sik)unser (ûser)
2nd persongî (jê,î)jû (jûwe,û,jük,gik)jûwer (ûwer)
3rd personsê (sî,sie)em,öm,jüm (en,ēnen,ȫnen)ēre,ēr (ērer,ȫrer)

For an explanation of the forms in bracketssee here.

Descendants

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Mokilese

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Pronunciation

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IPA(key): /ˈik/

Noun

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ik

  1. tail

Inflection

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Possessive forms ofik (tight inalienable possession, -i stem)
singular
possessor		first personikihoa
second personikimwen
third personikin
dual
possessors		first person inclusiveikisa
first person exclusiveikima
second personikimwa
third personikira
plural
possessors		first person inclusiveikisai
first person exclusiveikimai
second personikimwai
third personikirai
remote plural
possessors		first person inclusiveikihs
first person exclusiveikimi
second personikimwi
third personikihr
construct formikin

North Frisian

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Etymology

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FromOld Frisianik, fromProto-West Germanic*ik, fromProto-Germanic*ek,*ik, fromProto-Indo-European*éǵh₂.

CompareDutchik,German Low Germanik,Germanich,EnglishI,Danishjeg.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ik(Föhr-Amrum, Mooring, Sylt)

  1. I(first-person singular personal pronoun)

Alternative forms

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  • 'k(reduced form)

See also

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Personal and possessive pronouns (Föhr-Amrum dialect)
personalpossessive
subject caseobject casemasculine referentfeminine / neuter referentplural referent
fullreducedfullreducedattributiveindependent
singular1stik'kmimanminminen
2nddü–didandindinen
3rdmhi'rham'nsansinsinen
f ornhatat,'tat,'t
plural1stwi'füsüüsüüsen
üsens
2ndjam'mjamjaujauen
jamens
3rdjo'sjo'shörhören
hörens
  • The reduced forms with an apostrophe areenclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions.Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts.
  • At is not enclitic; it can stand in any unstressed position and refers mostly to things. Inreflexive use, only full object forms occur.
  • Dual formswat / onk andjat / jonk are obsolete, as is femininejü / hör.
  • Independent possessives are distinguished from attributive ones only with plural referents.
  • The formsüsens,jamens,hörens are used optionally (and decreasingly) when the possessor is a larger community, such as a village, city or nation.
Personal and possessive pronouns (Mooring dialect)
personalpossessive
subject caseobject casemasculine
referent		feminine / neuter / plural
referent
fullreducedfullreduced
singular1stik'kmemanmin
2nddü–dedandin
3rdmhi'rham'nsansin
fjü'shar'sharnhar
nhatet,'thamet,'tsansin
plural1stweüsüüsenüüs
2ndjam'mjamjarnge
3rdja'sja,jam'sjare

The reduced forms with an apostrophe areenclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions.Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts.
Et is not enclitic and can stand in any unstressed position; the full subject formhat is now rarely used. Inreflexive use, only full object forms occur.
Dual formswat / unk andjat / junk are obsolete. Attributive and independent possessives are not distinguished in Mooring.

Personal and possessive pronouns (Sylt dialect)
personalpossessive
subject caseobject casesingular
referent		plural referent
fullreducedfullreducedattributiveindependent
singular1stik'kmiminminen
2nddü–didindinen
3rdmhi'rhöm'nsinsinen
fjü'shöör'shöörhöören
nhatet,'thömet,'tsinsinen
dual1stwatunkunkunken
2ndatjunkjunkjunken
3rdjatjam'sjaarjaaren
plural1stwüüüsüüsüüsen
2ndijuujuujuuen
3rdja'sjam'sjaarjaaren
  • The reduced forms with an apostrophe areenclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions.Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts.
  • Et is not enclitic and can stand in any unstressed position; the full subject formhat is now rarely used. Inreflexive use, only full object forms occur.
  • The dual forms are dated, but not obsolete as in other dialects.
  • Independent possessives are distinguished from attributive ones only with plural referents.

Old Dutch

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromProto-West Germanic*ik.

Pronoun

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ik

  1. I
    • c. 900CE, Die altmittel- und altniederfränkischen Psalmen und Glossen[The Old Middle and Old Low Franconian psalms and glosses]:
      In ne kēre antsceine thīn fan cnapin thīnin wandaic gewītenot wirthon sniumo gihōri mī
      And hide not thy face from thy servant; forI am in trouble: hear me speedily. (Psalms 69:17;KJV)

Declension

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Old Dutch personal pronouns
1st personSingularPlural
Nominativeik,ic,ihwī,wīr
Accusativemī,mik,*micuns,unsig
Genitivemīnunsa,*unser
Dativemīuns,unsig
2nd personSingularPlural
Nominativethu,tugī,ir
Accusativethī,thik,*thiciu,
Genitivethīniuwa,*iuwer
Dativethīiu
3rd personMasculineFeminineNeuter
Nominativehē,hiesiait
Accusativeimosiait
Genitivesīn,isirois
Dativeimoiroimo
Plural
Nominativesia,sie (masc. plur.)
Accusativesia,sie (masc. plur.)
Genitiveiro
Dativeim

Descendants

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Further reading

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  • “ik”, inOudnederlands Woordenboek,2012

Old Frisian

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Etymology

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FromProto-West Germanic*ik, fromProto-Germanic*ek,*ik, fromProto-Indo-European*éǵh₂.

CompareOld Saxonik,Old Englishiċ,Old Dutchik,Old High Germanih,Old Norseek,Gothic𐌹𐌺(ik).

Pronoun

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ik (accusativemī,genitivemīn,dativemī)

  1. I

Declension

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Old Frisian personal pronoun declensions
nominativeaccusativedativegenitive
singular1st personikmīmīmīn
2nd personthūthīthīthīn
3rd
person		mhīhinehimsīn
fhiū,hiōhiāhire,hiārehire,hiāre
nhithithimsīn
plural1st personwīūsūsūser
2nd personjījū,jōjū,jōjūwer
3rd personhiāhiāhim,hirem,hiāremhira,hiāra

Descendants

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  • North Frisian:ick,ik
  • Saterland Frisian:iek
  • West Frisian:ik

Old Saxon

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromProto-West Germanic*ik, fromProto-Germanic*ek, fromProto-Indo-European*éǵh₂.

CompareOld Frisianik,Old Englishiċ,Old Dutchik,Old High Germanih,Old Norseek,Gothic𐌹𐌺(ik).

Pronoun

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ik

  1. I
    • 9th c.Heliand, verse 1977
      ...thene williuek eft ōgean far [ōgun godes],...
      ...I want to show him again in front of God's eyes...

Declension

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Old Saxon personal pronouns
nominativeaccusativedativegenitive
singular1st personikmī,me,mikmīmīn
2nd personthūthī,thikthīthīn
3rd
person		mhēinaimuis
fsiusiairuira
nititis
dual1st personwitunkunkero,unka
2nd persongitinkinker,inka
plural1st personwī,weūs,unsikūsūser
2nd persongī,geeu,iu,iuueuwar,iuwer,iuwar,iuwero,iuwera
3rd
person		msiaimiro
fsia
nsiu

Descendants

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Pass Valley Yali

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Noun

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ik

  1. water

References

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Pwaamèi

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Etymology

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FromProto-Oceanic*kutu, fromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*kutu, fromProto-Austronesian*kuCu.

Noun

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ik

  1. louse

References

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  • Jim Hollyman, K. J. Hollyman,Études sur les langues du Nord de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (1999),page 52

Salar

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Etymology

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FromProto-Turkic*īk. Cognate withAzerbaijaniiy,Turkishiğ,Turkmenīk.

Pronunciation

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  • (Shixiang, Xunhua, Qinghai)IPA(key): [ix]

Noun

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ik

  1. spindle

References

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  • Potanin, G.N. (1893) “их”, inТангутско-Тибетская окраина Китая и Центральная Монголия (in Russian),page427

Tobian

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Etymology

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FromProto-Austronesian*Sikan.

Noun

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ik

  1. Fish

Alternative forms

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Vandalic

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A user has added this entry torequests for verification(+) with the reason: “source is unreliable (e.g. copies from Wiktionary) and the example they give ("Sei, ik ist teudanz iminis ia teudanz teudani"), isn't found with google”
If it cannot be verified that this term meets ourattestation criteria, it will be deleted. Feel free to edit this entry as normal, but do not remove{{rfv}} until the request has been resolved.

Etymology

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FromProto-Germanic*ek

Pronoun

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ik

  1. I

References

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  1. https://glosbe.com/en/xvn/I

Wastek

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Noun

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ik

  1. wind

References

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West Frisian

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Etymology

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FromOld Frisianik, fromProto-West Germanic*ik, fromProto-Germanic*ek,*ik, fromProto-Indo-European*éǵh₂.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ik

  1. I(first person singular nominative pronoun)

Inflection

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West Frisian personal pronouns and possessives
personalpossessive
subject caseobject casedeterminerpronoun
normalreflexive
singular1stikmymyselsmynmines
2ndinformaldo,dû1dydyselsdyndines
formaljojojoselsjojowes
3rdmhyhimhimselssynsines
fsy,hja1harharselsharharres
nitithimselssynsines
plural1stwyúsússelsúsuzes
2ndjim(me)jim(me)jimsels,jinselsjim(me)jimmes
3rdsy,hja1har(ren)harselshar(ren)harres

1 Now mostly archaic and unused.

Further reading

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  • “ik (I)”, inWurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch),2011

Woiwurrung

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Determiner

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ik

  1. First-person singular possessive determiner. SeeAppendix:Possessive#English.
    1. liwikik.[1]
    2. wurrungik.[1]

References

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  1. ↑1.01.1https://culturalcommons.edu.au/wurrungik-dhumbunjan-i-speak-my-language/

Zealandic

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Pronoun

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ik

  1. I
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