FromMiddle Englishi-,y-,ȝe-, fromOld Englishġe-, fromProto-West Germanic*ga-, fromProto-Germanic*ga-, fromProto-Indo-European*ḱó-, fromProto-Indo-European*ḱóm(“with, near, by, along”). Cognate withDutchge-,Low Germange-,je-,e-,Germange-.

i-

1. (obsolete)Used to formpast participles ofverbs.Alternative spelling ofy-.

FromLatinī-, assimilated form ofin- used beforegn-.

i-

1. A form of the prefixin-, used beforegn, as inignoble,ignominy, andignore.

• (not):a-,an-,dys-,il-/im-/in-/ir-,mal-,non-,un-

i-

1. (Jamaica)Used to transform English words into words used byRastafarians with a special meaning.

• Rastafarian on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Rastafarian I words on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

FromInternet. Popularized in the name of theiMac line of computers (1998).

i-

2. Pertaining to theInternet.

   Coordinate terms:cyber-,e-

4. Pertaining todigital devices and computer programs, especially those that arecutting-edge orfashionable, and those fromApple.

   ‎i- + ‎pod → ‎iPod

   ‎i- + ‎phone → ‎iPhone

   ‎i- + ‎Mac → ‎iMac

   • 1999 November 1, Melissa August, “Ad Infinitum”, inTime, volume154,page39:

     I-WHAT?! Seems everyone's ripping off the iMac idea. Take this parody ad for the fruity-colored “iBrator” at sleeplessknights.com.

   • 2011, Scotty Smith,Everyday Prayers: 365 Days to a Gospel-Centered Faith, Baker Books,→ISBN, page178:

     In our “iWorld” of new gadgets and cool widgets, help us to ponder the reality that over half of the population on the earth exists on three of our American dollars, or less, a day.

Fromintelligent

i-

1. Pertaining to computerized, electronic, digital, intelligent controls in products

i-

1. marks a second person singular subject;you

   nicʼaʼiʼaan

   You lifted it up

• Kari, James (1990),Ahtna Athabaskan Dictiionary, Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Native Language Center,→ISBN, page54

i-

1. alternative form ofy-, appearing before consonants

• Kari, James (1990),Ahtna Athabaskan Dictiionary, Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Native Language Center,→ISBN, page35

CompareNavajoyi-

i-

1. Marks the transitional aspect

• Kari, James (1990),Ahtna Athabaskan Dictiionary, Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Native Language Center,→ISBN, page67

Inherited fromProto-Bantu*gɪ́-

i-

1. Class 4 subject concord.

Inherited fromProto-Bantu*jɪ́-

i-

1. Class 9 subject concord.

• (first-person, we):IPA^(key): /iː/

ī- (before vowelsil-,class I first-person plural)

1. thesubject of an active transitive verb

   we

2. thesubject of anactive intransitive verb

   we

• IPA^(key): /amo/

i-

1. (personal prefix, possessive) Used to form the third-person singular possessive of nouns:his/her/its

   calli(“house”) →ical(“his/her/its house”)

i-

1. second person plural agent marker

• Swintha Danielsen, Tania Granadillo,Agreement in two Arawak languages, inThe Typology of Semantic Alignment (edited by Mark Donohue, Søren Wichmann) (2008,→ISBN, page 398

Thei vowel common to other correlatives, such aski- andti-, without the defining consonant.

• Audio:

  (file)

i-

1. Any-, some-. (Indeterminatecorrelative prefix.)

• iu(“some individual,someone,somebody”)
• io(“some object,something”)
• ia(“some kind of”)
• ies(“belonging tosome person,someone's”)
• iel(“some manner/degree,somehow”)
• ie(“some place,somewhere”)
• iam(“some time,sometime”)
• iom(“some quantity,some of”)
• ial(“forsome reason”)

• IPA^(key): /i/

i-

2. marks thefirst-personpluralexclusive ("we, but not you")subject on averb

   ‎i- + ‎dibaia(“to spear”) → ‎idibaia(“we (excl.) speared it”)

• Oa, Morea and Ma`oni Paul. (2014-02-24).Tentative Grammar Description for the Gabadi Language. [working paper, draft created november 2013; editor: Eileen Gasaway]. Ukarumpa, Papua New Guinea: SIL International. Available online:[1]. For the prefixi-, see page 23, section "5.1.1 subject marking".

i-

1. Converts nouns into verbs:to +noun, and marks future tense
   • i- +baras (whip) →ibaras(to whip, will whip)
   • i- +Ivadoy (Ibaloi) →i-ivadoy(to speak Ibaloi, will speak in Ibaloi)
   • i- +ngaran (name) →ingaran(to name, to mention, will name, will mention)

• manpa-(directional/benefactive)
• pe-(causative)

i-

1. Forms the plural of nouns which begin with 'o', 'e' or 'u'.

• J. O. Okedi, E. O. Agbada, M. E. Umukoro,Ụbị Isase Isoko Rọ Kẹ JSS3 - Basic Education Certificate Exam (BECE) - (Upper Basic) - pages 60 - 61

Assimilated form ofin-, befores- + consonant.

• IPA^(key): /i/
• Hyphenation:i-

i-

1. alternative form ofin-

i-

1. Rōmaji transcription ofい

FromProto-Sino-Tibetan*i.

• IPA^(key): /i/

i-

1. (Kamnyu)our(plural possessive)

i-

1. alternative form ofmi-

i-

1. marker for a noun relating to instruments and tools

• wi-

Assimilated form ofin-, beforegn-.

i-

1. alternative form ofin-

i-

1. prefix element ofi- -ana

• an-

i-

1. alternative form ofy-

i-

1. translocative, indicating motion away from the speaker
2. epenthetic vowel added to certain verb forms
3. alternative form ofka-(before o- and on-stems)

• Gunther Michelson (1973),A thousand words of Mohawk, University of Ottawa Press, page11
• Nora Deering; Helga H. Delisle (1976),Mohawk: A teaching grammar (preliminary version), Quebec: Manitou College, pages105, 173

FromProto-Bantu*gɪ́-.

i- (medialyi-)

1. they;class 4 subject concord.

Contracted from earlierili-, fromProto-Bantu*dɪ́-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix*ì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.

i-

1. Class 5 noun prefix; form ofili- used before stems of more than one syllable.

FromProto-Bantu*jɪ́-.

i- (medialyi-)

1. he,she,it;class 9 subject concord.

i-

1. Class 9 noun prefix; form ofin- used before stems beginning withl,m orn.

FromProto-West Germanic*iʀ, fromProto-Germanic*iz.

Alternatively, from Proto-Indo-European*íh₁(emphatic particle).^[1]

• IPA^(key): /iː/

ī-

1. same,selfsame

• IPA^(key): /i/

i-

1. alternative form ofġe-

FromProto-Bantu*gɪ́-.

i- (medialyi-)

1. they;class 4 subject concord.

FromProto-Bantu*jɪ̀-n-.

i-

1. Class 9 noun prefix.

FromProto-Bantu*jɪ́-.

i- (medialyi-)

1. he,she,it;class 9 subject concord.

i-

1. Class 9 noun prefix; form ofin- used before stems beginning withl,m orn.

i-

1. Allomorph ofin-, used before⟨l⟩,⟨m⟩, and⟨n⟩.

FromProto-Bantu*gɪ́-.

i- (medialyi-)

1. they;class 4 subject concord.

FromProto-Bantu*jɪ́-.

i- (medialyi-)

1. he,she,it;class 9 subject concord.

i-

1. alternative form ofin-, used beforel

FromProto-Bantu*gɪ́- andProto-Bantu*jɪ́-.

i-

1. it,they;mi class_(IV)/n class_(IX) subject concord
   • 18th century, Abdallah bin Ali bin Nasir,Al-Inkishafi‎^[2], translation fromR. Allen (1946), “Inkishafi—a translation from the Swahili”, inAfrican Studies, volume 5, number 4,→DOI, pages243–249, stanza12:

     هُيُوِ دُنِيَاِيْنَ غُرُرِ ، دِيَ زَتَتَسِ هُزَدَمَيِْ،

     Huyui duniaina ghururi? ndia za-tatasi huzandamaye?

     This world is deceitful, why follow its ways?

   • 1973, Mohammed S. Abdulla,Duniani kuna watu, page 3:

     Ilikuwa kiasi cha saa moja-unusu ya usiku […]

     It was about half past seven in the night […]

2. verb-initial form of-i-(“it, them;mi class_(IV)/n class_(IX) object concord”)

FromProto-Bantu*gɪ́-.

i- (medialyi-)

1. they;class 4 subject concord.

FromProto-Bantu*jɪ́-.

i- (medialyi-)

1. he,she,it;class 9 subject concord.

FromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*i-.

• (Standard Tagalog)IPA^(key): /ʔi/[ʔɪ]
• Syllabification:i-

i- (Baybayin spellingᜁ)

1. benefactive trigger: to perform the action of the verb for someone or something(expresses various kinds of actions)

   ‎i- + ‎bili(“buy”) → ‎ibili(“to buy something for someone”)

   Ibili mo ako ng saging.

   Buy me bananas.

2. object trigger: to do something to a person or a thing(expresses various kinds of actions)

   ‎i- + ‎tapon(“throw”) → ‎itapon(“to throw”)

   Itapon mo iyan sa basurahan.

   Throw that to the garbage.

3. instrumental trigger: to use something for a certain purpose(expresses various kinds of actions)

   ‎i- + ‎sulat(“write”) → ‎isulat(“to use something for writing”)

   Isulat mo ng listahan ang lapis.

   Use the pencilto write a list.

• https://learningtagalog.com/grammar/verbs/verb_affixes/i_1.html
• https://learningtagalog.com/grammar/verbs/verb_affixes/i_2.html

• IPA^(key): /ʔi/

i-

1. (transitive) First person plural subject + third person singular object.
2. (transitive) Second person singular subject + third personinverse number object.
3. (transitive) Third person singular subject + third personinverse number object.
4. (transitive) Third person plural subject + third person singular object.
5. (formative) Third person plural subject.

i- (Jawiإ-)

1. (non-human)third-person singular clitic,it
2. (human)third-person plural clitic,they
3. (masculine)third-person singular possessive prefix,his

   Synonym:ai-

• Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890),Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001),A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

FromProto-Tocharian*jä-, fromProto-Indo-European*h₁ey-(“to move”). CompareTocharian Bi-.

i-

1. togo

FromProto-Tocharian*jä-, whence alsoTocharian Ai-, fromProto-Indo-European*h₁ey-(“to move”). Cognate withLatineō andPolishiść, both of the same meaning. The preterite form of this term,mäs-, is fromProto-Indo-European*m(y)ewh₁-(“to move”), and as such the term issuppletive in conjugation.

i-

1. togo

• imāne(possibly)
• yalle
• yalñe
  • yalñetstse
  • yalñeṣṣe

• Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “i-”, inA Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European;10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi,→ISBN,pages65-66

Inherited fromProto-Bantu*ì-(“Class 5 noun prefix”).

i-

1. Class 5 noun prefix.

• IPA^(key): /i/

i-

1. third-person singular clitic,he,she,it

   ico ―he sees

   pala neilamo ―this house is large

FromProto-Bantu*gɪ́-.

i- (medialyi-)

1. they;class 4 subject concord.

i-

1. Class 5 noun prefix; form ofili- used before stems of more than one syllable.

FromProto-Bantu*jɪ́-.

i- (medialyi-)

1. he,she,it;class 9 subject concord.

• IPA^(key): [i-]

i-

1. (Caura River dialect)allomorph ofy-(third-person prefix) used for stems that begin with two consonants
2. (Cunucunuma River dialect)allomorph ofdh-(third-person prefix) used for non-deictic stems that begin with a consonant
3. forms part of the circumfix allomorphs of various adverbializers,i- -jai,i- -'da, andi- -emje, used for stems that begin with two consonants

• ù- in Southeast Yorùbá and some Central Yorùbá dialects such asÈkìtì andÌjẹ̀ṣà.

IPA^(key): /ì/

ì-

1. abstract or instrument nominalizing prefix

Forms both abstract and concrete nouns:

• ì +ṣe"to do" →ìṣe"action"
• ì +gbálẹ̀"to sweep floor" →ìgbálẹ̀"broom"

• u- in Southeast Yorùbá and some Central Yorùbá dialects such asÈkìtì andÌjẹ̀ṣà.

IPA^(key): /ī/

i-

1. non-gerundive nominalizing prefix

FromProto-Bantu*gɪ́-.

í- (medialyí-)

1. they;class 4 subject concord.

Contracted from earlieríli-, fromProto-Bantu*dɪ́-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix*ì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.

î-

1. Class 5 noun prefix.

í-

1. Class 9 noun prefix; form ofin- used before stems beginning withl,m orn.

FromProto-Bantu*jɪ́-.

í- (medialyí-)

1. he,she,it;class 9 subject concord.

• C. M. Doke;B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “i-”, inZulu-English Dictionary,→ISBN: “i-”

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