(subscript,linguistics) indicates that two items are identical orcoreferential (refer to the same thing). E.g.CViCVi means a sequence of consonant-vowel-consonant-vowel, where the two V's are the same vowel;Sallyi ... shei means that 'she' refers to 'Sally'. A second identity may be indicated withj.
1762,Benj[amin] Stillingfleet,Miscellaneous Tracts Relating to Natural History, Husbandry, and Physick. To Which Is Added the Calendar of Flora., 2nd edition, London:[…] R. and J. Dodsley,[…]; S. Baker,[…]; and T. Payne,[…], pages30 and 32:
Here follow ſome few lines in the original, which not underſtandingi have omitted.[…] Laſtly that amidſt ſo many viciſſitudes of fortune, to which I have been expoſed, amongſt all the goods,i ſay, and evils, the joyfull and gloomy, the pleaſing, and diſagreeable circumſtances of life, thou endowedſt me with an equal, conſtant, manly, and ſuperior ſpirit on every occaſion.
2021 January 26, Travis M. Andrews, “‘When covid is over’ sounds like ‘when I meet Harry Styles’: The new pandemic meme, explained”, inThe Washington Post[3], archived fromthe original on27 January 2021:
As YouTuber Alex Elmslie tweeted, “ ‘once COVID is over’ is starting to sound a lot like ‘wheni fix my sleep schedule.’ ”
(Stenoscript) the long vowel /aɪ/ at the end of a word, or before a final consonant that is not /dʒ, v, z/. (Note: the final consonant is not written.)
1 Uncommon. 2hun andins have been suggested as non-binary 3rd person singular pronouns, though these have not yet officially adopted. 3 Infrequently used as a formal alternative to the singular.
The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. Seethe Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, andi for information on the development of the glyph itself.
an antihiatical particle that, due tosandhi, can precede a word which begins with a vowel sound after a word which ends with vowel sound; now rarely represented in written language
1594, anonymous author,Entremés dos pastores:
Ay Jan cata non te enfermes, nen sentencies con malicia, cata que ayalma perdes.
Oh, Xan, watch out, don't get sick, nor sentence with meanness, watch out that your soul you're losing
i inBárczi, Géza andLászló Országh.A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992:→ISBN
Mut, miä läkkääni viroks. ―But, I speak Estonian,too.
1885, “Sprachproben: Der goldene Vogel”, in Volmari Porkka, editor,Ueber den Ingrischen Dialekt mit Berücksichtigung der übrigen finnisch-ingermanländischen Dialekte:
Mäni dai heittiis makkaamaa, ja makkais taas hoomuksee nasse.
He went and threw himself to sleep,too, and he slept up till the morning again.
(Note: The spelling has been normalised in accordance with the literary Ingrian language.)
1936, V. I. Junus,Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka[4], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 3:
Iƶorat laatiit kansan, kumpa keelen poolest kuuluu läns-fenniläisiin kansoin gruppaa ja sil viisiii iƶoroin keeli kuuluu läns-fenniläisee keelisisteemaa.
The Ingrians make up a people, that based on their language belongs to the group of Finnic peoples and as such the language of Ingriansalso belongs to the Finnic language family.
in(used before vowels in place ofeclipsis; also used beforebhur(“your”,pl),dhá(“two”), titles of books, films, and the like, and foreign words that resist mutation)
i is used before masculine plural words beginning with a single consonant other thanx orz, or the plural noundei;gli is used before masculine plural words beginning with a vowel,x,z,gn, or multiple consonants includingpn,ps, ands+consonant, and before the plural noundei.
The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See theKashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, andi for development of the glyph itself.
"i", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’sGlossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
i inHarry Thurston Peck, editor (1898),Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
Arthur E. Gordon,The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 ofUniversity of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32: "Clearly there is no question or doubt about the names of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. They are simply long A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is there any uncertainty with respect to the six mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Their names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū—each, again, with a long vowel sound."
Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed byK. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in GermanFraktur, and sporadically inCyrillic.
^DeLancey, Scott (31 July 2023), “Argument Indexation (Verb Agreement) in South Central (Kuki-Chin)”, inHimalayan Linguistics[1], volume22, number 1,→DOI,→ISSN, pages243-275
Katarzyna Izabela Wojtylak (2017),A grammar of Murui (Bue): a Witotoan language of Northwest Amazonia.[8], Townsville: James Cook University press (PhD thesis), page161
As a second-class pronoun,i is used as the subject of a sentence when its verb is a second-class one (those verbs are sometimes referred to as adjectives). The personal pronouni is also used when governed by any postposition with the exception ofarama. Unlike other second-class pronouns,i is used when governed by the postpositionsupé. Finally,i is used as a possessive pronoun as well.
Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2016),Curso de língua geral (nheengatu ou tupi moderno): a língua das origens da civilização amazônica[9] (in Portuguese), 2nd edition, São Paulo: Páginas & Letras,→ISBN, pages11 and 104
Avila, Marcel Twardowsky (2021), “i”, inProposta de dicionário nheengatu-português [Nheengatu–Portuguese dictionary proposal] (in Portuguese), São Paulo: USP,→DOI,page311
The reduced vowel is mostly represented by ⟨e⟩. The alternative use of ⟨i⟩ is restricted to the insular dialects:
In Föhr-Amrum Frisian, it only occurs when the suffix-n is added to a word whose basic form ends in-e. For example,fraagin is infinitive II offraage(“to ask”), distinguished fromfraagen, the plural offraag(“question”).
In Sylt Frisian, any word-final[ə] is spelt ⟨i⟩. It remains before inflectional-n or-s, but changes to ⟨e⟩ before other suffixes. For example,fraagi →fraagin, butdü fraagest. Moreover, ⟨i⟩ occurs in the prefixbi- and word-internally in adapted borrowings (ginau from German,Janiwaari from Latin).
The reduced forms with an apostrophe areenclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions.Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts.
Et is not enclitic and can stand in any unstressed position; the full subject formhat is now rarely used. Inreflexive use, only full object forms occur.
The dual forms are dated, but not obsolete as in other dialects.
Independent possessives are distinguished from attributive ones only with plural referents.
The third-person singular masculine and neuter inflected dative formand isnot derived from a contraction with a pronoun. Instead, it was originally an adverb with an independent etymology. See its page for its etymology.
B. Sieradzka-Baziur,Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “i, hi”, inSłownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków:IJP PAN,→ISBN
The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See thehistory of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, andi for development of the glyph itself.
According toSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990),i is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 2473 times in scientific texts, 2409 times in news, 3061 times in essays, 2636 times in fiction, and 1806 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 12385 times, making it the 2nd most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
^Ida Kurcz (1990), “i”, inSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page148
“I”, inElektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century],16.09.2009
Decker, Kendall D. (1992), Clare F. O’Leary, editor,Languages of Chitral (Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan; 5)[12], Islamabad: National Institute of Pakistani Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University, page185, Summer Institute of Linguistics
Knobloch, Nina (2020),A grammar sketch of Sauji: An Indo-Aryan language of Afghanistan[13], Stockholm: Stockholm University, page49
1 Used when following a verb ending in-n,-s or-dh. 2sibh andsibhse also act as the polite singular pronouns. To mark a direct object of a verbal noun, the derivatives ofgam are used.
^Oftedal, M. (1956),A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
^John MacPherson (1945) The Gaelic dialect of North Uist (Thesis)[2], Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh
^Mac Gill-Fhinnein, Gordon (1966),Gàidhlig Uidhist a Deas, Dublin: Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath
^Borgstrøm, Carl Hj. (1937),The dialect of Barra in the Outer Hebrides, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
^Wentworth, Roy (2003),Gaelic Words and Phrases From Wester Ross / Faclan is Abairtean à Ros an Iar, Inverness: CLÀR,→ISBN
As for other Romance languages, such as Neapolitan or Portuguese, Sicilian definite articles have undergone a consonant lenition that has led to the phonetic fall of the initiall. The use of this illiquid variant has not yet made the use of liquid variants disappear, but today it is still the prevalent use in speech and writing.
In the case of the production of literary texts, such as singing or poetry, or of formal and institutional texts, resorting to "liquid articles" and "liquid articulated prepositions" confers greater euphony to the text, although it may sound a form of courtly recovery.
Illiquid definite articles can be phonetically absorbed by the following noun. I.e:l'arancini (liquid) andârancini (illiquid).
The Silesian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See theSilesian language article on Wikipedia for more, andi for development of the glyph itself.
“i”, inSlovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak),https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk,2003–2025
From Gaj's Latin alphabeti, fromCzech alphabeti, from Latini, lower case variation ofI from theEtruscan letter𐌉(i,“i”), from theAncient Greek letterΙ(I,“iota”), derived from thePhoenician letter𐤉(y,“yod”), from theEgyptian hieroglyph𓂝.
Use ofi as a conjunction in Slovene is obsolete and not well-known, so most nowadays speakers usually relate it with other Slavic languages rather than with old Slovene. Nowadays, its derivative,in is used, which is etymologically speaking a stressed variant, but has since lost the initial difference.
As opposed toin,i can be pronounced as stressed or unstressed form in all contexts (but if taken out of context, only the stressed version is allowed) whereasin is stressed only if taken out of context.
In definition 5, (last, previous) the following noun gets a suffix -s (weekdays:i måndags) or -as (seasons:i höstas, certain holidays, e.g.jul,midsommar,påsk,pingst). Other holidays instead useförra,senaste,sista, e.g.förranyåret.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.TheThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.letter of theThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.alphabet (theFilipino alphabet), calledThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. and written in theLatin script.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.TheThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.letter of theThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.alphabet (theAbakada alphabet), calledThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. and written in theLatin script.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The time allocated for running scripts has expired.TheThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.letter of theThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.alphabet (theAbecedario), calledThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. and written in theLatin script.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.the name of theLatin-script letter[[I#The time allocated for running scripts has expired.|I]]/[[i#The time allocated for running scripts has expired.|i]], in theAbakada alphabetThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The time allocated for running scripts has expired.the name of theLatin-script letter[[I#The time allocated for running scripts has expired.|I]]/[[i#The time allocated for running scripts has expired.|i]], in theAbecedarioThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.the name of theLatin-script letter[[E#The time allocated for running scripts has expired.|E]]/[[e#The time allocated for running scripts has expired.|e]], in theFilipino alphabetThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
FromThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.. Cognates includeThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. andThe time allocated for running scripts has expired..
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.TheThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.letter of theThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.alphabet, calledThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. and written in theLatin script.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The name of theLatin-script letter[[İ#The time allocated for running scripts has expired.|İ]]/[[i#The time allocated for running scripts has expired.|i]].The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.TheThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.letter of theThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.alphabet, calledThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. and written in theLatin script.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The name of theLatin-script letter[[I#The time allocated for running scripts has expired.|I]]/[[i#The time allocated for running scripts has expired.|i]].The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
FromThe time allocated for running scripts has expired., used in place of the missing third-person pronoun, fromThe time allocated for running scripts has expired., accusative plural ofThe time allocated for running scripts has expired..
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.TheThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.letter of theThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.alphabet, calledThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. and written in theLatin script.It is preceded byThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. and followed byThe time allocated for running scripts has expired..
i cannot mutate but, being a vowel, does takeThe time allocated for running scripts has expired., for example with the wordThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.:
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The name of theLatin-script letter[[I#The time allocated for running scripts has expired.|I]]/[[i#The time allocated for running scripts has expired.|i]].The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.FromThe time allocated for running scripts has expired., fromThe time allocated for running scripts has expired..
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.FromThe time allocated for running scripts has expired., fromThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. (pronouncedThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.), fromThe time allocated for running scripts has expired., related toThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.,The time allocated for running scripts has expired.,The time allocated for running scripts has expired..
The formi for the preposition itself must have been by analogy to the conjugated forms; the expected reflex of Middle Welshy would of course bey.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired. is often used to indicate direction "to" a place or "(in order) to" do an action in contrast toThe time allocated for running scripts has expired., which indicates direction "to" a person.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
SeeThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. for a similar distinction for "from".
The literary language distinguishes between unemphatic personal forms and personal forms with emphasis on the pronoun.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
In less formal language, this distinction is not made in writing.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Used as apreterite tense form of ‘that’. The subject moves to the front of the subordinate clause, directly followingi, and the verb changes back to its verbal noun form.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
second person
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
third person
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Personal forms (colloquial)
singular
plural
first person
iThe time allocated for running scripts has expired./The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
iThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
second person
iThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
iThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
third person
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The time allocated for running scripts has expired./The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.,[1]The time allocated for running scripts has expired.,[2]The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The time allocated for running scripts has expired.,[3]The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The time allocated for running scripts has expired.[4]
^Jerold A. Edmondson, kenneth J. Gregerson,Outlying Kam-Tai, inMon-Khmer Studies 27
^ABVD, citing Li Yunbing [李云兵],A Study of Lachi [拉基语硏究 / Laji yu yan jiu] (Beijing: 中央民族大学出版社 / Zhong yang min zu da xue chu ban she, 2000)
^ABVD, citing Ryuichi Kosaka [小坂, 隆一],A descriptive study of the Lachi language: syntactic description, historical reconstruction and genetic relation (2000, PhD dissertation, Tokyo: Tokyo University of Foreign Studies)
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.TheThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.letter of theThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.alphabet, calledThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. and written in theLatin script.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The name of theLatin-script letter[[I#The time allocated for running scripts has expired.|I]]/[[i#The time allocated for running scripts has expired.|i]].The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired. /The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
2nd person
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired. /The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
3rd person
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
[pronoun dropped]
[preceding vowel repeated for monosyllabic verbs] /The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
plural
1st person
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
2nd person
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
3rd person
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
1 Except foryín, object pronouns have a high tone following a low or mid tone monosyllabic verb, and a mid tone following a high tone. For complex verbs, the tone does not change.
