hun
| Audio(Southern England): | (file) |
Clipping ofhoney withpronunciation spelling.
hun (pluralhuns)
Short forHungarian partridge.
hun (pluralhuns)
hun (pluralhuns)
FromMiddle High Germanhunt, fromOld High Germanhunt, fromProto-Germanic*hundaz. Cognate withGermanHund,Dutchhond,Englishhound,Icelandichundur.
hun m
hun ?
Learned borrowing fromLate LatinHunni.
hun m (pluralhuns,femininehuna)
FromOld Norsehón(“she”), fromProto-Norse*ᚺᚨᚾᚢ(*hanu), the feminine form, with u-umlaut, of*ᚺᚨᚾᚨᛉ(*hanaʀ) (=Danishhan(“he”),Old Norsehann).
hun (objective casehende,possessivehendes)
| Number | Person | Type | Nominative | Oblique | Possessive | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| common | neuter | plural | |||||
| Singular | First | – | jeg | mig | min | mit | mine |
| Second | modern /informal | du | dig | din | dit | dine | |
| formal (uncommon) | De | Dem | Deres | ||||
| Third | masculine (person) | han | ham | hans | |||
| feminine (person) | hun | hende | hendes | ||||
| common (noun) | den | dens | |||||
| neuter (noun) | det | dets | |||||
| indefinite | man | en | ens | ||||
| reflexive | – | sig | sin | sit | sine | ||
| Plural | First | modern | vi | os | vores | ||
| archaic /formal | vor | vort | vore | ||||
| Second | – | I | jer | jeres | |||
| Third | – | de | dem | deres | |||
| reflexive | – | sig | |||||
hun c (singular definitehunnen,plural indefinitehunner)
| common gender | singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| nominative | hun | hunnen | hunner | hunnerne |
| genitive | huns | hunnens | hunners | hunnernes |
Originally a mere spelling variant ofhen.[1]
Possessivehun started replacinghaar from the 15th century, first only for masculine and neuter plural.
hun (personal)
The difference betweenhen (as direct object) andhun (as indirect object) does not stem from actual language usage, but was created artificially by the prescriptive grammarian Christiaen van Heule in the 17th century in an attempt to differentiate between the accusative (direct object) and dative case (indirect object), a distinction that was then commonly made in the definite article and certain pronouns, but not the personal pronouns.
In practice,hen andhun have been used interchangeably in Modern Dutch since the language has lost its grammatical case system. Many native speakers are not aware or have trouble remembering when to use one over the other, in part because of the rule's artificiality, in part because the distinction in form between the accusative and dative case has not been preserved anywhere else in the language. As a consequence, it is common to hear sentences where they are used in the exactly opposite way from van Heule's rule; for example:
When the pronoun is unstressed, the problem can be circumvented by using the reduced formze:
For more information, seethe article in the Dutch Wikipedia.
hun (personal)(dependent possessive) (independent possessivehunne)
| subject | object | possessive | reflexive | genitive5 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | full | unstr. | full | unstr. | full | unstr. | pred. | ||
| 1st person | ik | 'k1 | mij | me | mijn | m'n1 | mijne | me | mijner,mijns |
| 2nd person | jij | je | jou | je | jouw | je | jouwe | je | jouwer,jouws |
| 2nd person archaic orregiolectal | gij | ge | u | – | uw | – | uwe | u | uwer,uws |
| 2nd person formal | u | – | u | – | uw | – | uwe | u,zich7 | uwer,uws |
| 3rd person masculine | hij | ie1 | hem | 'm1 | zijn | z'n1 | zijne | zich | zijner,zijns |
| 3rd person feminine | zij | ze | haar | h'r1,'r1,d'r1 | haar | h'r1,'r1,d'r1 | hare | zich | harer,haars |
| 3rd person neuter | het | 't1 | het | 't1 | zijn | z'n1 | zijne | zich | zijner,zijns |
| plural | |||||||||
| 1st person | wij | we | ons | – | ons,onze2 | – | onze | ons | onzer,onzes |
| 2nd person | jullie | je | jullie | je | jullie | je | – | je | – |
| 2nd person archaic orregiolectal6 | gij | ge | u | – | uw | – | uwe | u | uwer,uws |
| 2nd person formal | u | – | u | – | uw | – | uwe | u,zich7 | uwer,uws |
| 3rd person | zij | ze | hen3,hun4 | ze | hun | – | hunne | zich | hunner,huns |
| 1) Not as common in written language. 2) Inflected as anadjective. 3) Inprescriptivist use, used only as direct object (accusative). 4) Inprescriptivist use, used only as indirect object (dative). 5) Archaic. Nowadays used for formal, literary or poetic purposes, and in fixed expressions. 6) To differentiate from the singulargij,gelle (object formelle) and variants are commonly used colloquially in Belgium. Archaic forms aregijlieden andgijlui ("you people"). | 7)Zich is preferred if the reflexive pronoun immediately follows the subject pronounu, e.g.Meldt u zich aan! 'Log in!', and if the subject pronounu is used with a verb form that is identical with the third person singular but different from the informal second person singular, e.g.U heeft zich aangemeld. 'You have logged in.' Onlyu can be used in an imperative if the subject pronoun is not overt, e.g.Meld u aan! 'Log in!', whereu is the reflexive pronoun. Otherwise, bothu andzich are equally possible, e.g.U meldt u/zich aan. 'You log in.' | ||||||||
Likely a replacement of or based on dialectal Dutchhullie or a variant thereof, which is a contraction ofhunlieden orhunlui, a compound ofhun ("them") +lieden orlui (both meaning "men, people"), which then translates roughly into "them-people". Possibly reinfluenced by or confused with the possessivehun. This etymology explains why usage ofhun occurs only when referring to people, never to objects. It's similar to dialectalzun often used colloquially in the Belgian province of Antwerp, which is a contraction ofze ("they") +hun ("them"), and which is also only used for people. Also compareAfrikaanshulle, which also stems fromhunlui, but is now used also for things. For more information, seethe article in the Dutch Wikipedia.
hun (personal)
| For pronunciation and definitions ofhun – see分 (“todivide; toseparate; todistribute; toallocate; toassign; toallot; etc.”). (This term is thepe̍h-ōe-jī form of分). |
Borrowed fromLatinHunni.[1][2]
hun (notcomparable)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | hun | hunok |
| accusative | hunt | hunokat |
| dative | hunnak | hunoknak |
| instrumental | hunnal | hunokkal |
| causal-final | hunért | hunokért |
| translative | hunná | hunokká |
| terminative | hunig | hunokig |
| essive-formal | hunként | hunokként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | hunban | hunokban |
| superessive | hunon | hunokon |
| adessive | hunnál | hunoknál |
| illative | hunba | hunokba |
| sublative | hunra | hunokra |
| allative | hunhoz | hunokhoz |
| elative | hunból | hunokból |
| delative | hunról | hunokról |
| ablative | huntól | hunoktól |
| non-attributive possessive – singular | huné | hunoké |
| non-attributive possessive – plural | hunéi | hunokéi |
hun (pluralhunok)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | hun | hunok |
| accusative | hunt | hunokat |
| dative | hunnak | hunoknak |
| instrumental | hunnal | hunokkal |
| causal-final | hunért | hunokért |
| translative | hunná | hunokká |
| terminative | hunig | hunokig |
| essive-formal | hunként | hunokként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | hunban | hunokban |
| superessive | hunon | hunokon |
| adessive | hunnál | hunoknál |
| illative | hunba | hunokba |
| sublative | hunra | hunokra |
| allative | hunhoz | hunokhoz |
| elative | hunból | hunokból |
| delative | hunról | hunokról |
| ablative | huntól | hunoktól |
| non-attributive possessive – singular | huné | hunoké |
| non-attributive possessive – plural | hunéi | hunokéi |
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person sing. | hunom | hunjaim |
| 2nd person sing. | hunod | hunjaid |
| 3rd person sing. | hunja | hunjai |
| 1st person plural | hununk | hunjaink |
| 2nd person plural | hunotok | hunjaitok |
| 3rd person plural | hunjuk | hunjaik |
Fromhol.
hun
hun
CompareTolaivudu andPatpatarhudu.
hun
hun (pluralhun-hun)
hun
hun
hun
FromOld Frisianhond. Cognates includeWest Frisianhân.
FromDanishhun, fromOld Norsehón.
hun (accusativehenne,genitivehennes)
| Number | Person | Type | Nominative | Oblique | Possessive | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| feminine | masculine | neuter | plural | |||||
| Singular | First | – | jeg | meg | mi | min | mitt | mine |
| Second | general | du | deg | di | din | ditt | dine | |
| formal (rare) | De | Dem | Deres | |||||
| Third | feminine (person) | hun | henne | hennes | ||||
| masculine (person) | han | ham /han | hans | |||||
| feminine (noun) | den | dens | ||||||
| masculine (noun) | ||||||||
| neuter (noun) | det | dets | ||||||
| reflexive | – | seg | si | sin | sitt | sine | ||
| Plural | First | – | vi | oss | vår | vårt | våre | |
| Second | general | dere | deres | |||||
| formal (very rare) | De | Dem | Deres | |||||
| Third | general | de | dem | deres | ||||
| reflexive | – | seg | si | sin | sitt | sine | ||
hun m (definite singularhunen,indefinite pluralhuner,definite pluralhunene)
FromOld Norsehúnn(“bear cub”),[1] fromProto-Germanic*hūnaz.
hun m (definite singularhunen,indefinite pluralhunar,definite pluralhunane)
hun m (definite singularhunen,indefinite pluralhunar,definite pluralhunane)
hun m (definite singularhunen,indefinite pluralhunar,definite pluralhunane)
hun
Unclear. Possibly a shortening ofhund(“dog”) or fromOld Norsehunn(“bear cub”).
hun m
hun
hun
Borrowed fromFrenchHuns, fromLatinHunni.
| singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | ||
| nominative-accusative | hun | hunul | huni | hunii | |
| genitive-dative | hun | hunului | huni | hunilor | |
| vocative | hunule | hunilor | |||
From*pun, fromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*puqun, compareMalaypohon.
hun
Typical Central and Southern Vietnamese retention of medial*u, which often developed into ‹ô› (or ‹o›) in Northern dialects; later strengthened with the use of "slang" to avoid awkward situations. Comparerún vs.rốn,thúi vs.thối.
Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading ofChinese熏(SV:huân).
Lexicalisedh-prothesised form ofun.
hun
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| first person | fy hun | ein hun |
| second person | dy hun | eich hun |
| third person | ei hunm ei hunf | eu hun |
hun
| radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
|---|---|---|---|
| un | unchanged | unchanged | hun |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
FromProto-Brythonic*hʉn, fromProto-Celtic*sounos, fromProto-Indo-European*swépnos(“sleep”).
hun f (pluralhunau,not mutable)
hùn
hun
hun
