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horse

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:HORSE,Horse,H.O.R.S.E.,andH-O-R-S-E

English

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A commonhorse
Przewalski's horse (Equus ferus przewalskii)

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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    FromMiddle Englishhors,horse,ors, fromOld Englishhors(“horse”), fromProto-West Germanic*hors, *hross, fromProto-Germanic*hrussą(“horse”), fromProto-Indo-European*ḱr̥sós(“vehicle”), fromProto-Indo-European*ḱers-(“to run”).Doublet ofcar andcarrus.

    Cognates

    Cognate withScotshorse(“horse”),West Frisianhoars(“horse”),Cimbrianross(“horse”),Dutchhors,ros(“horse”),GermanRoss,Roß(“horse”),Danish andNorwegian Nynorskhors(“horse, mare”),Faroesehors,ross(“horse”),Icelandichross(“horse”),Swedishruss(“horse”); alsoCornishkarr(“car”),Welshcar(“car; cart, wagon”),Latincurrus(“car, chariot; wagon, wain”),Ancient Greekἐπίκουρος(epíkouros,“aiding, assisting; defending; ally, helper; hireling”),Tocharian Akursär(“vehicle; mile”),Tocharian Bkwarsär(“course; path”).

    Alternative forms

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    Noun

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    horse (countable anduncountable,pluralhorses)

    2. Ahoofedmammal,Equus ferus caballus, often used throughout history forriding and draft work.
      A cowboy's greatest friend is hishorse.
      She loved taminghorses on Saturday.
      • 1755 April 15,Samuel Johnson, “Oats”, inA Dictionary of the English Language: […], volume II (L–Z), London: […] J[ohn] and P[aul] Knapton; […],→OCLC, column 1:
        A grain, which in England is generally given tohorſes, but which in Scotland ſupports the people.
      • 1892,Walter Besant, “Prologue: Who is Edmund Gray?”, inThe Ivory Gate […], New York, N.Y.:Harper & Brothers, […],→OCLC,page16:
        Athelstan Arundel walked home[…], foaming and raging.[…] He walked the whole way, walking through crowds, and under the noses of dray-horses, carriage-horses, and cart-horses, without taking the least notice of them.
      • 1921,Ben Travers, chapter 5, inA Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.:Doubleday, Page & Company, published1925,→OCLC:
        The departure was not unduly prolonged.[…]Within the door Mrs. Spoker hastily imparted to Mrs. Love a few final sentiments on the subject of Divine Intention in the disposition of buckets; farewells and last commiserations; a deep, guttural instigation to thehorse; and the wheels of the waggonette crunched heavily away into obscurity.
      1. Any member of the speciesEquus ferus, including thePrzewalski's horse and the extinctEquus ferus ferus.
      2. (zoology) Any current orextinctanimal of thefamilyEquidae, includingzebras andasses.
        These bone features, distinctive in the zebra, are actually present in allhorses.
      3. (military, sometimes uncountable)Cavalrysoldiers (sometimes capitalized when referring to an official category).
        We should place two units ofhorse and one of foot on this side of the field.
      4. Acomponent of certaingames.
        1. (chess, informal) The chess piece representing aknight, depicted as a horse.
          Now just remind me how thehorse moves again?
        2. (xiangqi) Axiangqipiece thatmoves andcaptures one pointorthogonally and then one pointdiagonally.
      5. (slang) A large and sturdy person.
        Every linebacker they have is a realhorse.
      6. (historical) A timber frame shaped like a horse, whichsoldiers were made to ride for punishment.
        Synonyms:Morgan's mule,Spanish donkey
    3. Equipment with legs.
      1. Ingymnastics, a piece ofequipment with a body on two or four legs,approximately four feet high, sometimes (pommel horse) with two handles on top.
        She's scored very highly with the parallel bars; let's see how she does with thehorse.
      2. Aframe withlegs, used tosupport something.
        a clotheshorse; a sawhorse
    4. (nautical)A type of equipment.
      1. Arope stretching along ayard, upon which men stand whenreefing orfurling the sails;footrope.
        • 1887,William Clark Russell,A Book for the Hammock:
          The old “horse” has made way for the “foot-rope", though we still retain the term “Flemish horse" for the short foot-rope at the top-sail yard-arms
      2. Abreastband for aleadsman.
      3. An iron bar for asheet traveller to slide upon.
      4. Ajackstay.
        • 1897, Rudyard Kipling,Captains Courageous:
          But in all the wild tumult he noticed, and never forgot, the wicked, set little eye—something like a circus elephant's eye—of a whale that drove along almost level with the water, and, so he said, winked at him. Three boats found their rodings fouled by these reckless mid-sea hunters, and were towed half a mile ere theirhorses shook the line free.
    5. (mining) A mass of earthy matter, or rock of the same character as the wall rock, occurring in the course of a vein, as of coal or ore; hence, totake horse (said of a vein) is to divide into branches for a distance.
    6. (US) An informal variant ofbasketball in which players match shots made by their opponent(s), each miss adding a letter to the word "horse", with 5 misses spelling the whole word and eliminating a player, until only the winner is left. AlsoHORSE,H-O-R-S-E orH.O.R.S.E. (seeH-O-R-S-E on WikipediaWikipedia).
    7. (uncountable) The flesh of a horse as an item of cuisine.
      • 1946,George Johnston,Skyscrapers in the Mist, page46:
        She said: "I'm starved. I could eat a horse." I told her she was lying, because I had once eatenhorse.
    8. (prisonslang) Aprisonguard whosmugglescontraband in or out forprisoners.
      • 1980, Lee Harrington Bowker,Prison Victimization, page117:
        This "horse" (a slang term for prison officers who smuggle contraband into the institution) was probably able "to stay in business" for such a long time because he only "packed" for powerful, trustworthy prisoners[…]
    9. (dated, slang, among students) Atranslation or otherillegitimateaid instudy orexamination.
    10. (dated, slang, among students)Horseplay;tomfoolery.
    11. (pokerslang) A player who has beenstaked, i.e. another player has paid for theirbuy-in and claims apercentage of any winnings.
    Usage notes
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    Synonyms
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    Hyponyms
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    kinds of horse by physical attributes
    kinds of horse by employment
    Derived terms
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    Terms derived fromhorse (noun)
    Descendants
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    Translations
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    members of the speciesEquus ferus—see alsomare
    related or similar species
    cavalry soldiers
    gymnastic equipment
    frame with legs used for support or for holding objects
    knight in chess—see alsoknight
    See also
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    Related terms
    Xiangqi pieces in English (see also:xiangqi)(layout ·text)
    generaladvisorelephanthorsechariotcannonsoldier

    Etymology 2

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    FromMiddle Englishhorsen, fromOld Englishhorsian(“to horse, provide with horses”) andġehorsian(“to horse, set or mount on a horse, supply with horses”), from the noun (see above).

    Verb

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    horse (third-person singular simple presenthorses,present participlehorsing,simple past and past participlehorsed)

    1. (intransitive)Synonym ofhorse around.
      Synonyms:horse about,horse around
      • 1958, Gay Gaer Luce,Cross Your Heart, page181:
        "Stophorsing, and guess how many kids!"
      • 2019, Frank Kane,Red Hot Ice: A Johnny Liddell Mystery, page117:
        "Why don't we stophorsing and get down to cases, Lou?" Mike Davey growled.
    2. (transitive) To play mischievous pranks on.
      • 2015 March 7, Cornelius Vanderbilt Jr.,Palm Beach: A Novel, Rowman & Littlefield,→ISBN, page106:
        Was someonehorsing her? Was it Josh's idea of a joke? For some moments she sat, plump hands with long pointed pink nails, toying with the envelope. Then she went to the telephone and called […]
    3. (transitive) Toprovide with a horse;supply horses for.
      • c.1596–1599 (date written),William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […].Epilogue.”, inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, andEd[ward] Blount, published1623,→OCLC,[Act I, scene i]:
        being betterhorsed, outrode me
      • 1907,Cavalry Journal:
        […] and the same number from Russia forhorsing her guns. During peace Turkey has 15,000 regular Cavalry; on mobilisation she should have 21,000, and 4,000 pack animals, without taking the irregular corps into consideration.
      • 1887, Harriet W. Daly,Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page303:
        The result of one night's play was that the man whohorsed the party had not one hoof to call his own when the morning's reckoning came to be made.
    4. (obsolete) To get on horseback.
    5. To sit astride of; to bestride.
    6. (of a male horse) Tocopulate with (amare).
    7. To take or carry on the back.
    8. To place (someone) on the back of another person, or on a wooden horse, chair, etc., to beflogged or punished.
      • 1963, Charles Harold Nichols,Many Thousand Gone:
        So they brought him out andhorsed him upon the back of Planter George, and whipped him until he fell quivering in the dust.
      • 2020 April 2, Toby Neal,Paradise Crime Mysteries Books 1-9, Neal Enterprises INC:
        Faster than Lei could have believed, Omura blocked the exit, grabbed Kennedy's wrist and twisted it up behind her back,horsing her onto the hard metal chair. She sat the woman on it, slapping on a pair of cuffs.
      1. (by extension) Toflog.
        • 1751,[Tobias] Smollett,The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle […], volume(please specify |volume=I to IV), London: Harrison and Co., […],→OCLC:
          [N]otwithstanding the intercession of his governor, who begged earnestly that his punishment might be mitigated, our unfortunate hero was publicklyhorsed,in terrorem of all whom it might concern.
    9. (transitive) To pull, haul, or move (something) with great effort, like ahorse would.
      • 1836, Hugh Murray, John Crawfurd, Peter Gordon, Thomas Lynn, William Wallace, Gilbert Thomas Burnett,An Historical and Descriptive Account of China, page216:
        [A] country-ship from China to Bombay, standing into the strait at noon with a strong tide and scant wind, stood too near Pedro Branco before tacking, and was totally lost, by the tidehorsing her upon the rock whilst in stays.
      • 1870,Hunt's Yachting Magazine, page266:
        Cambria observing this again went about, and tacked towards the island, Sappho followed suit; after a short reach she again tacked and stood for the mark vessel, the tidehorsing her well to the westward, but the Cambria stood on […]
      • 1981, Robert Roderick,The Greek Position: A Novel, Simon & Schuster,→ISBN:
        At 2:30 P.M. two gray-and-yellow tugs beganhorsing her out of her berth. Backing, she turned to starboard, past the end of the dock. Engine stopped, she carried sternway as her bow swung for the harbor mouth.
    10. (informal) Tocram (food) quickly, indiscriminately or in great volume.
      • 2012 February 2, Anna Smith,To Tell the Truth: Rosie Gilmour 2, Quercus Publishing,→ISBN:
        The Spaniards spend generations honing the subtle flavours of their delightful tapas and you'rehorsing it into your mouth as though it was a fried egg roll with brown sauce.'
      • 2021 January 7, Paul Olima,Fit: Smash your goals and stay strong for life, Simon and Schuster,→ISBN:
        Get your laughing gear around some protein at every meal, spreading your intake over the course of the day rather thanhorsing it into you all in one go, at one mealtime. If you are training hard, try to consume around 25g protein […]
    11. (transitive, dated) To urge at work tyrannically.
    12. (intransitive, dated) To charge for work before it is finished.
    13. (dated, slang) Tocheat at schoolwork by means of a translation or other illegitimate aid.
    Derived terms
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    Translations
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    to frolic
    to provide with a horse

    Etymology 3

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    Unknown; probably originally criminals'cant based on the initial letter ofheroin andhorse.

    Noun

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    horse (uncountable)

    2. (slang)Heroin(drug).
      Synonyms:H,smack;see alsoThesaurus:heroin
      • 1957 September 13,Walter Bernstein, “The Cherubs Are Rumbling”, inThe New Yorker‎[1], archived fromthe original on18 February 2024:
        Riccio nodded toward a boy across the floor and said, “See that kid? He’s on dope.” The boy was standing against a wall, staring vacantly at the dancers, his face fixed in a gentle, faraway smile. Every few seconds, he would wipe his nose with the back of his hand.
        “Man, that Jo-Jo!” Benny said. “He’s stoned all the time.”
        “What’s he on—horse? Riccio asked, meaning heroin.
        “Who knows with that creep?” Benny said. I asked Benny if any special kind of boy went in for dope.
        “The creeps,” he said. “You know, the goofballs.” He searched for a word. “The weak kids. Like Jo-Jo. There ain’t nothing the guys can’t do to him. Last week, we took his pants off and made him run right in the middle of the street without them.”
      • 1962,Cape Fear,00:15:20:
        Check that shirt. I got a couple ofjolts ofhorse stashed under the collar
      • 1962,James Baldwin,Another Country, New York, N. Y.:The Dial Press, published January1963,page 6:
        It was to remember the juke box, the teasing, the dancing, the hard-on, the gang fights and gang bangs, his first set of drums—bought him by his father—his first taste of marijuana, his first snort ofhorse.
    Descendants
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    Translations
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    slang: heroin
    Further reading
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    References

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    1. ^“horse”, inMerriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.:Merriam-Webster, 1996–present. (uses the notationˈhȯrs,or in IPA [ˈhoɚs, ˈhɔɚs])

    Anagrams

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    Middle English

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    Etymology 1

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    Noun

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    horse

    1. alternative form ofhors

    Etymology 2

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    Adjective

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    horse

    1. alternative form ofhos

    Etymology 3

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    Verb

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    horse

    1. alternative form ofhorsen(“to provide with a horse”)

    Norwegian Nynorsk

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    Noun

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    horse f (definite singularhorsa,indefinite pluralhorser,definite pluralhorsene)

    1. amare
    2. (derogatory)frivolouswoman

    Verb

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    horse (present tensehorsar,past tensehorsa,past participlehorsa,passive infinitivehorsast,present participlehorsande,imperativehorse/hors)

    1. (intransitive, of astallion) torunaround amongst themares
    2. (intransitive, of aman) to run around, chieflydrunkenly

    Old English

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    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /ˈxor.se/,[ˈhorˠ.ze]

    Noun

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    horse

    1. dativesingular ofhors

    Scots

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    Etymology

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    Inherited fromMiddle Englishhors,horse, fromOld Englishhors, fromProto-West Germanic*hross, fromProto-Germanic*hrussą.

    Noun

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    horse (pluralhorse)

    1. horse
      • 1983,William Lorimer, transl.,The New Testament in Scots, Edinburgh: Canongate, published2001,→ISBN,→OCLC,Revelation 6:8,page426:
        An I luikit, an thair afore my een wis a pailiehorse, an the name o its rider wis Deith. The Lord of the Gane-Awà Laund gaed at his side, an pouer wis gíen them tae fell wi the swuird an faimin an the pest, an bi the wild baists o the yird.
        And I looked, and in front of my eyes there was a palehorse, and the name of its rider was Death. The Lord of the Underworld went alongside him, and power was given to them to kill using the sword, famine, plague, and the Earth's wildlife.

    Swedish

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    Etymology

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    FromEnglishhorse(“heroin”).Doublet ofkärra andruss; related tokarriär.

    Noun

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    horse

    1. (slang)horse (heroin)
      Synonyms:häst,(brown heroin)jonk

    References

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