hom
hom (uncountable)
| subjective | objective | possessive determiner | possessive pronoun | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | 1st | ek | my | myne | ||
| 2nd | jy | jou | joune | |||
| 2nd, formal | u | us’n | ||||
| 3rd | masc | hy | hom | sy | syne | |
| fem | sy | haar | hare | |||
| neut | dit | sy | syne | |||
| plural | 1st | ons | onss’n | |||
| 2nd | julle /jul1 | julles’n | ||||
| 3rd | hulle /hul1 | hulles’n | ||||
Inherited fromOld Catalanhom, from the nominative case ofLatinhomō(“man”). Its pronominal use is ofGermanic origin. CompareOld Englishman(“one, they, people”), reduced form ofOld Englishmann(“man, person”);Frenchon;Germanman(“one, they, people”);Dutchmen(“one, they, people”).
Doublet ofhome(“man”), fromOld Catalan(h)ome(n), that continues the accusative case formhominem. There are very few Latin nouns that have been inherited in more than one case form, others includedrac/dragó andres/re.
hom
| strong/subject | weak (direct object) | weak (indirect object) | possessive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| proclitic | enclitic | proclitic | enclitic | |||||
| singular | 1st person | standard | jo,mi3 | em,m’ | -me,’m | em,m’ | -me,’m | meu |
| majestic1 | nós | ens | -nos,’ns | ens | -nos,’ns | nostre | ||
| 2nd person | standard | tu | et,t’ | -te,’t | et,t’ | -te,’t | teu | |
| formal1 | vós | us | -vos,-us | us | -vos,-us | vostre | ||
| very formal2 | vostè | el,l’ | -lo,’l | li | -li | seu | ||
| 3rd person | m | ell | el,l’ | -lo,’l | li | -li | seu | |
| f | ella | la,l’4 | -la | li | -li | seu | ||
| n | ho | -ho | li | -li | seu | |||
| plural | ||||||||
| 1st person | nosaltres | ens | -nos,’ns | ens | -nos,’ns | nostre | ||
| 2nd person | standard | vosaltres | us | -vos,-us | us | -vos,-us | vostre | |
| formal2 | vostès | els | -los,’ls | els | -los,’ls | seu | ||
| 3rd person | m | ells | els | -los,’ls | els | -los,’ls | seu | |
| f | elles | les | -les | els | -los,’ls | seu | ||
| 3rd person reflexive | si | es,s’ | -se,’s | es,s’ | -se,’s | seu | ||
| adverbial | ablative/genitive | en,n’ | -ne,’n | |||||
| locative | hi | -hi | ||||||
1 Behaves grammatically as plural. 2 Behaves grammatically as third person.
3 Only as object of a preposition. 4 Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.
FromMiddle Dutchhomme, identical tohomme(“mold”), of uncertain origin, but probably related toOld Norsehúm(“dusky, twilight”), fromProto-Germanic*skim-(“to shine-”), which has been compared toProto-Indo-European*(s)kewH-(“to cover”),[1] but according to the Etymologisch Woordenboek this is extremely unlikely.[2]
| Audio: | (file) |
hom f (pluralhommen,diminutivehommetje n)
hom (Hanunoo spellingᜱᜳᜫ᜴)(literary)
| 1 | 2 > | |
|---|---|---|
| Cardinal :hom | ||
hom
FromOld Englishhām, fromProto-West Germanic*haim, fromProto-Germanic*haimaz.
The spellingsgeen,heem,neen forgon(“to go”),hom, andnon(“none”) in the representation of Northern Middle English inChaucer'sThe Reeve's Tale were argued byTolkien to be from scribal confusion of ⟨e⟩ and ⟨o⟩.Smith, deeming such confusion improbable, instead posits that such spellings are a East Midland rendition of pronunciations such as[ɡæːn],[hæːm],[næːn] or[ɡɛːn],[hɛːm],[nɛːn] from the early actuation of theGreat Vowel Shift in Northern Middle English.Horobin rejects this, concluding thatheem is a rendition of a borrowing fromOld Norseheimr, whilegeen andneen are analogical creations based upon it.
hom (pluralhomes)
hom
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hom
FromMiddle High Germanhaben, fromOld High Germanhāben, fromProto-West Germanic*habbjan, fromProto-Germanic*habjaną(“to have; to hold”). Cognate withGermanhaben,Englishhave.
hom
FromOld Norsehvammr.Doublet ofkvam.
hom m (definite singularhomen,indefinite pluralhomar,definite pluralhomane)
hom f
FromLatinhomō. The use as a pronoun is acalque fromWest Germanic (compareMiddle High Germanman,Middle Dutchmen).
hom m
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