FromMiddle High Germanhoffen (12th c.), from northernOld High German*hoffōn, fromProto-West Germanic*hopōn. It is uncertain whether the (unattested but probable) Old High German form was inherited or rather borrowed fromOld Dutchhopon with implementation of the High German consonantism (which was then still entirely predictable). In fact, some scholars consider that all continental forms go back toOld Englishhopian, introduced as a religious term by Anglo-Saxon missionaries. The word was at any rate absent fromUpper German, where it only established itself in later Middle High German, gradually displacing the now obsoletegedingen. See Englishhope for more.
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hoffen (weak,third-person singular presenthofft,past tensehoffte,past participlegehofft,auxiliaryhaben)
| infinitive | hoffen | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | hoffend | ||||
| past participle | gehofft | ||||
| auxiliary | haben | ||||
| indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
| present | ichhoffe | wirhoffen | i | ichhoffe | wirhoffen |
| duhoffst | ihrhofft | duhoffest | ihrhoffet | ||
| erhofft | siehoffen | erhoffe | siehoffen | ||
| preterite | ichhoffte | wirhofften | ii | ichhoffte1 | wirhofften1 |
| duhofftest | ihrhofftet | duhofftest1 | ihrhofftet1 | ||
| erhoffte | siehofften | erhoffte1 | siehofften1 | ||
| imperative | hoff (du) hoffe (du) | hofft (ihr) | |||
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative inwürde normally preferred.
FromMiddle High Germanhoffen, eventually fromProto-West Germanic*hopōn. The Luxembourgish form would require an anomalous Middle High German*huffen, which is possible since the word was originally rare in High German and is even thought to be an early borrowing from Low Franconian or Saxon. However, it is perhaps more likely that the modern vocalism is due to influence byGermanhoffen (given the word’s frequent use in religious contexts).
hoffen (third-person singular presenthofft,past participlegehofft,auxiliary verbhunn)
| infinitive | hoffen | |
|---|---|---|
| participle | gehofft | |
| auxiliary | hunn | |
| present indicative | imperative | |
| 1st singular | hoffen | — |
| 2nd singular | hoffs | hoff |
| 3rd singular | hofft | — |
| 1st plural | hoffen | — |
| 2nd plural | hofft | hofft |
| 3rd plural | hoffen | — |
(n) or (nn) indicates theEifeler Regel.
hoffen (not mutable)