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hitherto

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

Etymology

FromMiddle Englishhiderto, corresponding tohither +‎to.

Pronunciation

(UK)IPA^(key): /ˈhɪðəˌtuː/,/ˌhɪðəˈtuː/,[ˈhɪðəˌtʰuː],[ˌhɪðəˈtʰuː]
(US)IPA^(key): /ˈhɪðɚˌtu/,/ˌhɪðɚˈtu/,[ˈhɪðɚˌtʰu],[ˌhɪðɚˈtʰu]
Audio(US): (file)

Adverb

hitherto (notcomparable)

(formal, also law) Up to this or thattime orpoint.
Synonyms:up to now,heretofore;see alsoThesaurus:hitherto
Antonyms:from now on,henceforth;see alsoThesaurus:henceforth
- 1830, Anna Maria Porter,The Barony, volume 3, page460:
  The exhaustless conjecturings of that evening's full conversation, made such of the small party, as hadhitherto been strangers, well acquainted with each other's turn of mind[…]
- 1910 [1848 February 21],Karl Marx,Friedrich Engels, chapterI, in Samuel Moore, transl., edited by Friedrich Engels,Manifesto of the Communist Party‎^[1], Chicago: Charles H. Kerr & company,page12:
  The history of allhitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.
- 2014, James Lambert, “Diachronic stability in Indian English lexis”, inWorld Englishes, page124:
  The results of this study argue for a greater endonormativity in Indian English than hashitherto been recognised.
- 2021 October 20, Paul Stephen, “Leisure and pleasure on the Far North Line”, inRAIL, number942, page49:
  North of Tain [...], the line reaches the southern shore of Dornoch Firth. Here, the railway and the A9 trunk road, which havehitherto run close together, diverge.

Translations

up to this time

Arabic:حَتَّى الْآن(ḥattā l-ʔān)
Bulgarian:досега́ (bg)(dosegá)
Chinese:
Mandarin:到目前為止 /到目前为止(dào mùqián wéizhǐ),迄今 (zh)(qìjīn),迄今為止 /迄今为止 (zh)(qìjīn wéizhǐ),至今 (zh)(zhìjīn)
Czech:doposud (cs),až dosud
Danish:hidtil
Dutch:tot dan toe,tot hiertoe,tot dusver,tot nu toe,tot dusverre
Esperanto:ĝis nun,ĝisnune
Faroese:higartil
Finnish:tähän mennessä,siihen mennessä,sitä ennen,aiemmin (fi)
French:jusqu’ici (fr),jusqu’alors (fr),jusqu’à maintenant,jusqu’à présent (fr)
Georgian:აქამდე(akamde),აქამომდე(akamomde),დღემდე(dɣemde),უწინ(uc̣in),ამ დრომდე(am dromde)
German:bis zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt,bis jetzt,bis zu diesem Zeitpunkt,bisher (de),bislang (de),bis dato,bis dahin,zuvor (de)
Hebrew:עד כה
Hungarian:eddig (hu),addig (hu)
Indonesian:sampai saat ini,hingga kini,sampai sekarang
Italian:fin qui,fino a qui,fino ad ora,fino allora,finora (it)
Japanese:今まで (ja)(いままで, imamade),これまで(koremade),これまでのところ(koremade no tokoro)
Korean:여태 (ko)(yeotae)
Latin:adhūc (la),hactenus (la),hucusque,illatenus,aliquando (la)
Macedonian:досега(dosega)
Norwegian:hittil (no)
Occitan:fins ara,fins a aquel moment
Pannonian Rusyn:дотераз(doteraz),потераз(poteraz)
Persian:تاکنون (fa)(tâ-konun)
Polish:dotychczas (pl),dotąd (pl)
Portuguese:até agora
Romanian:până acum,până în acest moment
Russian:пока́ что (ru)(poká što),до сих по́р (ru)(do six pór),пока́ (ru)(poká),(obsolete)доны́не (ru)(donýne),(archaic)подне́сь (ru)(podnésʹ)
Scottish Gaelic:thuige seo
Serbo-Croatian:dòsad (sh),dòsada (sh),dòtad (sh),dòtada
Slovene:do zdaj
Spanish:hasta ahora,hasta aquí,hasta este momento,en ese entonces
Swedish:hittills (sv),dittills (sv),hitintills (sv)
Telugu:ఇప్పటివరకు(ippaṭivaraku),అప్పటివరకు(appaṭivaraku)
Turkish:-ekadar,o ana kadar
Welsh:hyd yn hyn

See also

Here-,there-, andwhere- words

(about):hereabout,thereabout,whereabout
(abouts):hereabouts,thereabouts,whereabouts
(after):hereafter,thereafter,whereafter
(again):thereagain
(against):hereagainst,thereagainst,whereagainst
(among):hereamong,thereamong,whereamong
(amongst):thereamongst,whereamongst
(anent):hereanent,thereanent,whereanent
(around):therearound,wherearound
(as):thereas,whereas
(at):hereat,thereat,whereat
(before):herebefore,therebefore
(beside):therebeside
(between):therebetween,wherebetween
(by):hereby,thereby,whereby
(for):herefor,therefor,wherefor
(fore):herefore,therefore,wherefore
(from):herefrom,therefrom,wherefrom
(hence):herehence,therehence
(in):herein,therein,wherein
(inafter):hereinafter,thereinafter,whereinafter
(inbefore):hereinbefore,thereinbefore,whereinbefore
(into):hereinto,thereinto,whereinto
(of):hereof,thereof,whereof
(on):hereon,thereon,whereon
(out):hereout,thereout,whereout
(somever):wheresomever
(to):hereto,thereto,whereto
(tofore):heretofore,theretofore,wheretofore
(under):hereunder,thereunder,whereunder
(unto):hereunto,thereunto,whereunto
(upon):hereupon,thereupon,whereupon
(with):herewith,therewith,wherewith
(withal):herewithal,therewithal,wherewithal

Pronominal adverbs

																																																				about	abouts	across	after	again	against	along	among	amongst	anent^[1]	around	as	at	beit	beside	between	beyond	by	ever	for	fore	forth	forward	forwards	from	hence	in above	in after	in before	in below	in elsewhere	in soever	into	in under	mid^[2]	of	on	out	over	so	soever	somedever	somever^[3]	through	throughout	to	tofore	unto	up	upon	ward	wards	with	withal	within	without
																																																			hence	—	—	—	henceafter	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	henceforth	henceforward	henceforwards	hencefrom	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
																																																			here	hereabout	hereabouts	—	hereafter	—	hereagainst	—	hereamong	hereamongst	hereanent	—	—	hereat	—	—	—	—	hereby	—	herefor	herefore	hereforth	hereforward	herefowards	herefrom	herehence	hereinabove	hereinafter	hereinbefore	hereinbelow	hereinelsewhere	hereinsoever	hereinto	hereinunder	heremid	hereof	hereon	hereout	hereover	—	heresoever	—	—	herethrough	herethroughout	hereto	heretofore	hereunto	—	hereupon	—	—	herewith	herewithal	herewithin	—
																																																			hither	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	hitherto	—	hitherunto	—	—	hitherward	hitherwards	—	—	—	—
																																																			how	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	howbeit	—	—	—	however	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	howso	howsoever	howsomedever	howsomever	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
																																																			thence	—	—	—	thenceafter	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	thenceforth	thenceforward	thenceforwards	thencefrom	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	thenceout	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
																																																			there	thereabout	thereabouts	thereacross	thereafter	thereagain	thereagainst	therealong	thereamong	thereamongst	thereanent	therearound	—	thereat	—	therebeside	therebetween	therebeyond	thereby	therever	therefor	therefore	thereforth	—	—	therefrom	therehence	thereinabove	thereinafter	thereinbefore	thereinbelow	—	—	thereinto	thereinunder	theremid	thereof	thereon	thereout	thereover	—	theresoever	—	—	therethrough	therethroughout	thereto	theretofore	thereunto	thereup	thereupon	—	—	therewith	therewithal	therewithin	therewithout
																																																			thither	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	thitherinsoever	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	thitherto	—	—	—	—	thitherward	thitherwards	—	—	—	—
																																																			what	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	whatever	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	whatso	whatsoever	whatsomedever	whatsomever	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
																																																			when	whenabout	whenabouts	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	whenas	—	—	—	—	—	—	whenever	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	whenso	whensoever	—	whensomever	—	—	−	—	−	—	—	−	−	—	—	—	—
																																																			whence	—	—	—	whenceafter	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	whencever	—	—	whenceforth	whenceforward	—	whencefrom	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	whenceward	whencewards	—	—	—	—
																																																			where	whereabout	whereabouts	—	whereafter	—	whereagainst	wherealong	whereamong	whereamongst	whereanent	wherearound	whereas	whereat	—	wherebeside	wherebetween	wherebeyond	whereby	wherever	wherefor	wherefore	whereforth	—	—	wherefrom	wherehence	whereinabove	whereinafter	whereinbefore	whereinbelow	—	whereinsoever	whereinto	whereinunder	wheremid	whereof	whereon	whereout	whereover	whereso	wheresoever	—	wheresomever	wherethrough	wherethroughout	whereto	wheretofore	whereunto	whereup	whereupon	—	—	wherewith	wherewithal	wherewithin	wherewithout
																																																			whither	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	whitherever	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	whitherinsoever	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	whitherso	—	—	—	—	—	whitherto	whithertofore	—	—	—	whitherward	whitherwards	—	—	—	—
																																																			why	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	whyever	whyfor	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	whyso	whysoever	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
^Scottish ^fromMiddle Englishmid ^old dialectal form

References

“hitherto”, inLexico,Dictionary.com;Oxford University Press,2019–2022.

Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=hitherto&oldid=83929546"

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