Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム
URL:

Jump to content
WiktionaryThe Free Dictionary
Search

history

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromMiddle Englishhistorie, fromOld Frenchestoire,estorie(“chronicle, history, story”) (Frenchhistoire), fromLatinhistoria, fromAncient Greekἱστορίᾱ(historíā,“learning through research”), fromἱστορέω(historéō,“to research, inquire (and) record”), fromἵστωρ(hístōr,“the knowing, wise one”), fromProto-Indo-European*weyd-(“see, know”).Doublet ofstory andstorey.

Attested in Middle English in 1393 byJohn Gower,Confessio Amantis,[1] which was aimed at an educated audience familiar with French and Latin.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

history (countable anduncountable,pluralhistories)

  1. The aggregate of past events.
    Synonyms:background,past
    History repeats itself if we don’t learn from its mistakes.
    He dreams of an invention that will makehistory.
    • 1918,W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter VII, inThe Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.:The Bobbs-Merrill Company,→OCLC:
      With some of it on the south and more of it on the north of the great main thoroughfare that connects Aldgate and the East India Docks, St. Bede's at this period of itshistory was perhaps the poorest and most miserable parish in the East End of London.
    • 2012 March-April,Jan Sapp, “Race Finished”, inAmerican Scientist, volume100, number 2, page164:
      Few concepts are as emotionally charged as that of race. The word conjures up a mixture of associations—culture, ethnicity, genetics, subjugation, exclusion and persecution. But is the tragichistory of efforts to define groups of people by race really a matter of the misuse of science, the abuse of a valid biological concept?
    • 2017 June 24, James O'Shea, quoting Gerry Adams, “BREAKING: Sinn Fein President Gerry Adams says end to partition of Ireland “in a few short years””, inIrishCentral:
      So, we have a shared history - we will also have a shared future.
  2. Theempirical study of past events, as distinct from literature, myth, or scripture; theassessment of notable events.
    He teaches Latin Americanhistory at the university and publishes books about the Cold War.
    • 2013 September 6,Peter Beaumont, “Lessons of past cast shadows over Syria”, inThe Guardian Weekly, volume189, number13, page18:
      History and experience act as a filter that can distort as much as elucidate. It is largely forgotten now, overlooked in the one-line description of Tony Blair and George W Bush as the men who lied about Iraq's weapons of mass destruction, but there was a wider context to their conviction.
  3. The portion of the past that is known and recorded by this field of study, as opposed to all earlier and unknown times that preceded it (prehistory).
    in all of humanhistory and prehistory
    in all recordedhistory
  4. (countable) A set of events involving an entity.
    a long and sordidhistory
    What is your medicalhistory?
    The family'shistory includes events best forgotten.
    • 2014 October 21, Oliver Brown, “Oscar Pistorius jailed for five years”, inThe Daily Telegraph (Sport)‎[1]:
      [I]n the 575 days since[Oscar] Pistorius shot dead his girlfriendReeva Steenkamp, there has been an unseemly scramble to construct revisionisthistories, to identify evidence beneath that placid exterior of a pugnacious, hair-trigger personality.
  5. (countable) A record or narrative description ofpastevents.
    Synonyms:account,chronicle,story,tale
    I really enjoyed Shakespeare's tragedies more than hishistories.
    a shorthistory of post-Columbian colonization
    Thucydides wrote ahistory of the Peleponnesian War that uses different sources than Herodotus' work.
  6. (countable, medicine) A list of past and continuingmedicalconditions of an individual or family.
    Synonym:medical history
    A personal medicalhistory is required for the insurance policy.
    He has ahistory of cancer in his family.
    This diagnosis is usually based solely on thehistory and physical examination, although laboratory tests are occasionally also obtained.
  7. (countable, computing) A record of previous user events, especially of visitedweb pages in abrowser.
    Synonym:log
    I visited a great site yesterday but forgot the URL. Luckily, I didn't clear myhistory.
    • 2006, Todd Stauffer, Kirk McElhearn,Mastering Mac OS X, John Wiley & Sons,→ISBN,page344:
      When you do that, the browser window has no browserhistory, so it doesn't report a referrer page to the first site you visit.
  8. (informal) Something that no longer exists or is no longer relevant.
    I told him that if he doesn't get his act together, he'shistory.
  9. (uncountable) Shared experience or interaction.
    There is too muchhistory between them for them to split up now.
    He has had a lot ofhistory with the police.
  10. (uncountable) A historically significant event.
    You are witnessinghistory!
    • 2015, Amanda Berry, Gina DeJesus,Hope: A Memoir of Survival in Cleveland:
      We have a new president: Barack Obama. I never thought a black man would be elected. It's exciting! It'shistory!

Usage notes

[edit]
  • The chiefpolysemic ambiguity of the wordhistory innatural language (in a nutshell, "the past" versus "that portion of the past for which written records exist") is handled with the help of acoordinate term pair (prehistory andhistory) or a qualifier (recorded history), yielding clarifying phrases such asin all of human history and prehistory orin all recorded history.

Derived terms

[edit]

Related terms

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]

Translations

[edit]
aggregate of past events
branch of knowledge that studies the past
set of events involving an entity
record or narrative description of past events
medicine: list of past and continuing medical conditions
computing: record of previous user events
something that no longer exists or is no longer relevant
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Verb

[edit]

history (third-person singular simple presenthistories,present participlehistorying,simple past and past participlehistoried)

  1. (obsolete) Tonarrate orrecord.

References

[edit]
  1. ^OED

Further reading

[edit]

Anagrams

[edit]

Middle English

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

history

  1. alternative form ofhistorie
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=history&oldid=87633892"
Categories:
Hidden categories:
[8]ページ先頭
©2009-2025 Movatter.jp