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hic

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:hić,hiç,andніс

English

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Etymology

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Onomatopoeic.

Pronunciation

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Interjection

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hic

  1. An approximation to the sound of ahiccup, used e.g. to indicate drunkenness.
    "This wine -hic! - tasted good."

Translations

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Translations

See also

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Anagrams

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Aromanian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromLatinfīcus. CompareMegleno-Romanianic,Spanishhigo.

Noun

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hic m (pluralhits)

  1. fig (tree) orfig (fruit)

Related terms

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French

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromLatinhicestquaestio(here is the question).

Noun

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hic m (uncountable)

  1. snag,hitch,catch,kink,problem
    Voilà lehic.Here's the problem.

Etymology 2

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Onomatopoeic.

Interjection

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hic

  1. hic! (indicating a hiccup)
    Ce vin, hic ! est bon.
    This wine—hic!—tastes good.

Further reading

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Interlingua

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Adverb

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hic

  1. here

Latin

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Alternative forms

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  • īc(common misspelling)

Etymology 1

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From olderhec, fromProto-Italic*hoke, from*ho (fromProto-Indo-European*gʰo(indeed,emphatic clitic)) +*ke (from*ḱe(here,deictic particle)). Reconstructed forms witho are made likely by the Old Latin formhoi(this).

The feminine and neuter inflected forms were created in analogy toquī, quae, quod. In the Italic languages only Faliscan has a clear cognate inflected pronoun:hac(acc./abl. sg. f.). A petrified form may be present in the Umbrian word for "the same":eru-hu(abl. sg. m.),era-hunt ~ era-font(abl. sg. f.)[1][2]

In Indo-European the first element is cognate withSanskrit(gha) ~(ha,intensifier),हि(hi,surely, for),Czechže(that,conjunction),Russianже(že,intensifying particle). The second element is cognate withLatincis(on this side),ce-dō,Ancient Greekἐ-κε-ῖνος(e-ke-înos,that),Old Irish(here),Gothic𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰(himma,to this). More athe,here.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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hic (femininehaec,neuterhoc);first/second-declension adjective (hic-type)

  1. this;these(in the plural)
    Sī versūshōrum duōrum poetārum neglegētis, magnā parte litterārum carēbitis.
    If you neglect the verses ofthese two poets, you will miss a great part of literature.
    Hanc rem pūblicam salvam esse volumus.
    We wishthis republic to be safe.

Pronoun

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hic (femininehaec,neuterhoc);first/second-declension pronoun (hic-type)

  1. thisone;this (thing);theseones(in the plural);these (things);he,she,it
    Mittehunc meā grātiā.
    Lethim alone for my sake.
    • 29BCE – 19BCE,Virgil,Aeneid4.420–421:
      “[...] Miseraehoc tamen ūnum / exsequere, Anna, mihī. [...].”
      [Dido speaks:] “Nevertheless, carry outthis one [request], Anna, for [your] unfortunate [sister].”
    • c. 4BCE – 65CE,Seneca the Younger,De brevitate vitae15:
      Hōrum tē morī nēmō cōget, omnēs docēbunt;hōrum nēmō annōs tuōs conteret, suōs tibi contribuet; nūllīus exhīs sermō perīculōsus erit, nūllīus amīcitia capitālis, nūllīus sūmptuōsa observātiō.
      No oneof these will force you to die, but all will teach you how to die; no oneof these will wear out your years, but each will add his own years to yours; nothingfrom these conversations will bring you peril, the friendship of none will endanger your life, the courting of none will tax your purse.
    • 8CE,Ovid,Fasti4.777:
      hīs dea plācanda est
      With these [supplications] must the goddess be appeased
Declension
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  • In Medieval Latin pl. fem.hae through some vulgar form,*haeae, is replaced byhee.
  • When combined with the interrogative clitic-ne, ani is restored at the end of the word:hicine,haecine,hocine, etc.

First/second-declension adjective (hic-type).

singularplural
masculinefeminineneutermasculinefeminineneuter
nominativehichaechochaehaec
genitivehuiushōrumhārumhōrum
dativehuichīs
accusativehunchanchochōshāshaec
ablativehōchāchōchīs
vocativehehahumhaeha
  • Nom. fem. pl. is sometimes "haec", particularly before vowels and h, especially by Plautus and Terence. We refer to "Latijnse Spraakkunst, Janssens, Van de Vorst & Geerebaert, par. 78". We also refer to "Latijnsch Woordenboek, Van Wageningen & Muller (see: hic, haec, hoc)". A third reference is "Gildersleeve's Latin Grammar (see: Demonstrative Pronouns)".

Usage notes

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  • This demonstrative adjective/pronoun is used to refer to a person or thing, or persons or things, near the speaker. It contrasts withille(that), which refers to people or things far from the speaker and the listener, andiste(this/that), which refers to people or things near the listener.
  • As Latin had no person pronouns specifically meaning "he", "she" or "it", any ofille,iste,hic or (most frequently)is could assume that function.
  • In Vulgar Latin, phonetic changes tended to eliminate both the initialh and finalc, leaving nothing but a bare vowel. Consequently, this demonstrative gradually disappeared and was replaced withiste, which originally meant "that (near you)". (This left only a two-term system of demonstratives in comparison with Latin's three-term system, but the gap was filled in some areas by pressingipse into service as a middle demonstrative. Spanish, for example, haseste(this) < Latiniste,ese(that (near you)) < Latinipse, andaquel(that (far from you and me)) < Latineccumille.) This process was gradual, and the neuter formhoc survived the longest (it still survives, for example, inCatalanho). Other forms sometimes survived in compound expressions, e.g.Portugueseagora(now) < Latinhāchōrā.

Coordinate terms

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Latin correlatives(edit)
typedemonstrativeanaphoricidentityinterrogative/
relative
indefinitenegativeother
proximalmedialdistalrelativeindefinitefree choiceuniversalnegative polarity
basichiciste,isticille,illicisipse,īdemquis/quīquisquis,quīcumquequis,quī,quīdam,aliquis,aliquī,quispiamquīvis,quīlibetquisquequisquam,ūllus, °aliquisquamnēmō,nihil,nūllusalius
dualuterutercumquealteruterutervīs,uterlibetuterqueneuteralter
placehīcistīcillīcibī̆ibī̆demubī̆ubiubi,ubī̆cumquealicubī,uspiamubivīs,ubilibetubīqueusquamnusquam,nūllibīalibī,aliās
sourcehincistincillincindeindidemundeundecumque,undeundealicunde°undelibetundiquealiunde
destinationhūc, °hōrsumistūc, °istōrsumillūc, °illōrsumeōdemquō,quōrsumquōquō,quōcumquealiquō,quōpiam, °aliquōvorsumquōvīs,quōlibetquōquamnusquam,nūllōrsumaliō,aliōrsum
method,
means,
path,
place
hācistācillāceādemquāquāquā,quācumquealiquāquāvīs,quālibetquāquenēquāquam,haudquāquamaliā
mannerhōcmodōistōmodōillōmodōita,sīc,
modō
item,itidemut,quī,quōmodō,quōmodo,quemadmodumutut,utcumque,quōmodocumquequī,quōdammodō,aliquōmodōquōmodolibetutīqueūllōmodōnūllōmodōaliter,aliōquī,alterō/aliōmodō
timenum,nuncōlimtum,tuncsimulquandō, ‡cumcumque,quandōcumque,quandōquequondam,aliquandōquandōlibetquandōqueumquamnumquamaliās
quantitytamtamen, †tandemquamquamquamaliquamquamvīs,quamlibet
sizetantustantusdemquantusquantuscumquealiquantusquantusvīs,quantuslibet
qualitytālisquālisquālis,quāliscumquealiquālisquālislibet
numbertottotidemquotquotquot,quotcumquealiquotquotlibet
ordertotusquotusquotuscumquealiquotusquotuslibet
repetitiontotiēnsquotiēnsquotiēnscumquealiquotiēnsquotiēnslibet
multiplicationtotuplexquotuplex
† Turned conjunction with original meaning somewhat dissimulated
° Rare
‡only used as a conjunction, not as an interrogative

Derived terms

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Etymology 2

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From olderheic, adverb (locative) fromhic.

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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hīc (notcomparable)

  1. here,in oratthisplace
Alternative forms
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Coordinate terms
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Latin correlatives(edit)
typedemonstrativeanaphoricidentityinterrogative/
relative
indefinitenegativeother
proximalmedialdistalrelativeindefinitefree choiceuniversalnegative polarity
basichiciste,isticille,illicisipse,īdemquis/quīquisquis,quīcumquequis,quī,quīdam,aliquis,aliquī,quispiamquīvis,quīlibetquisquequisquam,ūllus, °aliquisquamnēmō,nihil,nūllusalius
dualuterutercumquealteruterutervīs,uterlibetuterqueneuteralter
placehīcistīcillīcibī̆ibī̆demubī̆ubiubi,ubī̆cumquealicubī,uspiamubivīs,ubilibetubīqueusquamnusquam,nūllibīalibī,aliās
sourcehincistincillincindeindidemundeundecumque,undeundealicunde°undelibetundiquealiunde
destinationhūc, °hōrsumistūc, °istōrsumillūc, °illōrsumeōdemquō,quōrsumquōquō,quōcumquealiquō,quōpiam, °aliquōvorsumquōvīs,quōlibetquōquamnusquam,nūllōrsumaliō,aliōrsum
method,
means,
path,
place
hācistācillāceādemquāquāquā,quācumquealiquāquāvīs,quālibetquāquenēquāquam,haudquāquamaliā
mannerhōcmodōistōmodōillōmodōita,sīc,
modō
item,itidemut,quī,quōmodō,quōmodo,quemadmodumutut,utcumque,quōmodocumquequī,quōdammodō,aliquōmodōquōmodolibetutīqueūllōmodōnūllōmodōaliter,aliōquī,alterō/aliōmodō
timenum,nuncōlimtum,tuncsimulquandō, ‡cumcumque,quandōcumque,quandōquequondam,aliquandōquandōlibetquandōqueumquamnumquamaliās
quantitytamtamen, †tandemquamquamquamaliquamquamvīs,quamlibet
sizetantustantusdemquantusquantuscumquealiquantusquantusvīs,quantuslibet
qualitytālisquālisquālis,quāliscumquealiquālisquālislibet
numbertottotidemquotquotquot,quotcumquealiquotquotlibet
ordertotusquotusquotuscumquealiquotusquotuslibet
repetitiontotiēnsquotiēnsquotiēnscumquealiquotiēnsquotiēnslibet
multiplicationtotuplexquotuplex
† Turned conjunction with original meaning somewhat dissimulated
° Rare
‡only used as a conjunction, not as an interrogative
Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • >? Italo-Romance:
    • Italian:ci
    • Neapolitan:ce
    • Sicilian:ci
  • Padanian:
    • Piedmontese:i
  • Gallo-Romance:
    • Catalan:hi
    • Franco-Provençal:y
    • French:y
    • Occitan:i
  • Ibero-Romance:
    • Aragonese:i
    • Old Spanish:hi,y,ý
  • Borrowings:

References

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  1. ^Dunkel, George E. (2014)Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg,→ISBN, page285
  2. ^* Jürgen Untermann,Wörterbuch des Oskisch-Umbrischen, 3rd volume ofHandbuch der italischen Dialekte, 2000, p. 229f.

Further reading

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  • hic”, inCharlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879)A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • hic”, inCharlton T. Lewis (1891)An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • hic inGaffiot, Félix (1934)Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894)Latin Phrase-Book[1], London:Macmillan and Co.
    • the visible world:haec omnia, quae videmus
    • the territory of this race extends as far as the Rhine:haec gens pertinet usque ad Rhenum
    • the present day:haec tempora, nostra haec aetas, memoria
    • (ambiguous) in our time; in our days:his temporibus, nostra (hac) aetate, nostra memoria, his (notnostris)diebus
    • according to the present custom, fashion:his moribus
    • twenty years ago:abhinc (ante) viginti annos orviginti his annis
    • those to whom we owe our being:ei, propter quos hanc lucem aspeximus
    • our contemporaries; men of our time:homines huius aetatis, nostrae memoriae
    • here lies..:hic situs est...
    • that is the way of the world; such is life:haec est rerum humanarum condicio
    • the case is exactly similar (entirely different):eadem (longe alia) est huius rei ratio
    • what will be the issue, end, consequence of the matter:quorsum haec res cadet orevadet?
    • what am I to do with this fellow:quid huic homini (alsohoc homine)faciam?
    • these things have the same origin:haec ex eodem fonte fluunt, manant
    • the decision of the question rests with you:penes te arbitrium huius rei est
    • I console myself with..:haec (illa) res me consolatur
    • an idea strikes me:haec cogitatio subit animum
    • this is more plausible than true:haec speciosiora quam veriora sunt
    • a proof of this is that..:argumento huic rei est, quod
    • the history of our own times; contemporary history:memoria huius aetatis (horum temporum)
    • to answer to this effect:respondere in hanc sententiam
    • I said it in jest:haec iocatus sum, per iocum dixi
    • what follows has been translated into Latin from Plato's Phaedo:ex Platonis Phaedone haec in latinum conversa sunt
    • to translate freely:his fere verbis, hoc fere modo convertere, transferre
    • these are mere empty phrases:haec verba sunt (Ter. Phorm. 3. 2. 32)
    • we have no expression for that:huic rei deest apud nos vocabulum
    • what is the meaning, the original sense of this word:quid significat, sonat haec vox?
    • what is the meaning, the original sense of this word:quae est vis huius verbi?
    • what is the meaning, the original sense of this word:quae notio orsententia subiecta est huic voci?
    • this word ends in a long syllable:haec vox longa syllaba terminatur, in longam syllabam cadit, exit
    • the book treats of friendship:hic liber est de amicitia (notagit) orhoc libro agitur de am.
    • Cicero says this somewhere:Cicero loco quodam haec dicit
    • the terms, contents of the letter are as follows:litterae in hanc sententiam orhis verbis scriptae sunt
    • this fable teaches us (withoutnos):haec fabula docet
    • credit is going down:fides (vid. sect. IX. 10, notefides has six...)concidit
    • to ordain as punishment that..:hanc poenam constituere in aliquem, ut...
    • on these terms:his condicionibus
    • this I have to say:haec habeo dicere orhabeo quae dicam
    • he spoke (very much) as follows:haec (fere) dixit
    • the tenor of his speech was this..:hanc in sententiam dixit
    • this is not the place to..:non est huius loci c. Inf.
    • this is not the place to..:non est hic locus, ut...
    • so much for this subject...; enough has been said on..:atque orsed haec (quidem) hactenus
    • so much for this subject...; enough has been said on..:atque haec quidem de...
    • this much he said:haec (quidem) ille
    • this is very much what Cicero said:haec Ciceronis fere
    • this passage is obscure:hic (ille) locus obscurus est
    • what do you mean:quorsum haec (dicis)?
    • (ambiguous) in our time; in our days:his temporibus, nostra (hac) aetate, nostra memoria, his (notnostris)diebus
    • (ambiguous) to enjoy the privilege of living; to be alive:vita orhac luce frui
    • (ambiguous) (great) advantage accrues to me from this:fructus ex hac re redundant in orad me
    • (ambiguous) I think that..:in hac sum sententia, ut...putem
    • (ambiguous) all agree on this point:omnes (uno ore) in hac re consentiunt
    • (ambiguous) when corn is as dear as it is:hac annona (Plaut. Trin. 2. 4. 83)
    • (ambiguous) I have a few words to say on this:mihi quaedam dicenda sunt de hac re
  • Sihler, Andrew L. (1995)New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press,→ISBN

Middle English

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Pronoun

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hic

  1. Alternative form ofI(I)

Vietnamese

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Onomatopoeia, from the sobbing sound. Comparehức(sob;hic).

Pronunciation

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Interjection

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hic

  1. (onomatopoeia)sob
  2. (comics, Internetslang)dang;darn;aw man;man
  3. (onomatopoeia)Synonym ofhức(hic)
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