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hell

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:he'll,Hell,andhéll

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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    FromMiddle Englishhelle, fromOld Englishhell, fromProto-West Germanic*hallju, fromProto-Germanic*haljō(“concealed place, netherworld”), fromProto-Indo-European*ḱel-(“to cover, conceal, save”).

    Cognate withSaterland FrisianHälle(“hell”),West Frisianhel(“hell”),Dutchhel(“hell”),German Low GermanHell(“hell”),GermanHölle(“hell”),Norwegianhelvete(“hell”),Icelandichel(“the abode of the dead, death”). Also related to theHel ofGermanicmythology. See alsohele.

    Proper noun

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    hell

    1. (in many religions, uncountable) A place oftorment where some or allsinners are believed to go afterdeath andevilspirits are believed to be.
      Antonym:heaven
      May you rot inhell!
    Synonyms
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    Descendants
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    • → Korean:헬(hel)
    Translations
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    abode for the condemned

    Noun

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    hell (countable anduncountable,pluralhells)

    1. (countable, hyperbolic, figuratively) A place or situation of great suffering in life.
      My new boss is making my job ahell.
      I went throughhell to get home today.
      callbackhell;<table>hell;<div>hell(computer programming)
      • 1879, General William T. Sherman, commencement address at the Michigan Military Academy
        There is many a boy here today who looks on war as all glory, but, boys, it is allhell.
      • 1986, “Disposable Heroes”, in Metallica (music),Master of Puppets:
        Why, am I dying? / Kill, have no fear / Lie, live off lying /Hell,hell is here
      • 2024 May 8, Damian Carrington, “‘Hopeless and broken’: why the world’s top climate scientists are in despair. World’s top climate scientists expect global heating to blast past 1.5C target”, inThe Guardian, UK:
        So how do the scientists cope with their work being ignored for decades, and living in a world their findings indicate is on a “highway tohell”?.
    2. (countable) Aplace forgambling.
    3. (figuratively) Anextremelyhot place.
      You don’t have asnowball's chance inhell.
    4. (sometimes vulgar)Used as anintensifier in phrases grammatically requiring a noun.
      • 1992,Neal Stephenson,Snow Crash, page321:
        She's got her arms down to her side, defiant. But just for thehell of it, she leans into him, wraps her arms around his neck, puts her head on his shoulder, and hangs on tight.
      I’m as mad ashell and I’m not going to take it anymore.
      What thehell is wrong with you?!
      He says he’s going home early?Likehell he is.
    5. (obsolete) A place into which atailorthrowsshreds, or aprinterdiscardsbrokentype.
    6. In certaingames ofchase, a place to which those who are caught are carried fordetention.
    7. (colloquial, usually withon) Something extremely painful or harmful (to)
      That steep staircase ishell on my knees.
    Derived terms
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    Translations
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    place of suffering in life
    extremely hot place
    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
    Translations to be checked

    Interjection

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    hell(colloquial, sometimes vulgar)

    1. Used to express discontent, unhappiness, or anger.
      Oh,hell! I got another parking ticket.
    2. (no longerproductive)Used to emphasize.
    3. Used to introduce an intensified statement following an understated one; nay; not only that, but.
      Do it, or, rest assured, there will be no more Middle Eastern crisis –hell, there will be no more Middle East!
    Derived terms
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    Translations
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    hell!
    See also
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    Adverb

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    hell (notcomparable)

    1. (postpositional)Alternative form ofthe hellorlike hell.
      • 1990,Mama's Family (television sitcom), "Look Who's Breathing" (season 6, episode 18)
        - Oh, aren't they sweet?
        - Sweet,hell. They look like Tweedledum and Tweedledumber.
      • 1991 September,Stephen Fry, chapter 1, inThe Liar, London:Heinemann,→ISBN, section II,page24:
        ‘[…] I know whether a boy is telling me the truth or not.’
        ‘Thank you, sir.’
        Did hehell. They never bloody did.
    2. (Australia, New Zealand, colloquial, sometimes vulgar)Very;used to emphasize strongly.
      Synonym:hella
      That washell good!
      They'rehell sexy.

    Verb

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    hell (third-person singular simple presenthells,present participlehelling,simple past and past participlehelled)

    1. To makehellish; toplace (someone) in hell; to make (a place) into a hell.[from 17th c.]
    2. Tohurry,rush.[from 19th c.]
      • 1929,William Faulkner,The Sound and the Fury:
        I had already lost thirteen points, all because she had to comehelling in there at twelve, worrying me about that letter.
    3. (intransitive) To move quickly and loudly; toraise hell as part of motion.
      He washelling down the road with his radio blaring.

    Etymology 2

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    FromGermanhellen(“to brighten, burnish”). Related toDutchhel(“clear, bright”) andGermanhell(“clear, bright”).

    Verb

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    hell (third-person singular simple presenthells,present participlehelling,simple past and past participlehelled)

    1. (rare, metal-working) To addluster to; toburnish (silver orgold).
      • 1770, Godfrey Smith,The Laboratory: Or, School of Arts:
        Tohell gold or gilt workː take two ounces of tartar, two ounces of sulfur.. and it will give it a fine luster.

    Etymology 3

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    FromMiddle Englishhellen, fromOld Norsehella(“to pour”), fromProto-Germanic*halþijaną(“to incline, tip; to pour out, empty”), fromProto-Indo-European*ḱel-(“to lean, incline”). Cognate withIcelandichella(“to pour”),Norwegianhelle(“to pour”),Swedishhälla(“to pour”). See also Englishhield.

    Verb

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    hell (third-person singular simple presenthells,present participlehelling,simple past and past participlehelled)

    1. (rare) Topour.
      • 18th century,Josiah Relph,The Harvest; or Bashful Shepherd
        Gosh, the sickle went into me handː Downhell'd the bluid.

    Albanian

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    Etymology

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    FromProto-Albanian*skōla, fromProto-Indo-European*(s)kol-(“stake”); compareLithuaniankuõlas,Polishkół,Ancient Greekσκύλος(skúlos).

    Noun

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    hell m (pluralheje,definitehelli,definite pluralhejet)

    1. skewer
    2. spear
    3. icicle
    4. (adverb) standing straight without moving

    Cornish

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    Noun

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    hell

    1. aspirate mutation ofkell

    Estonian

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    Etymology

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    FromProto-Finnic*hellä. Cognate toFinnishhellä andVoticellä(Mati).

    Adjective

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    hell (genitivehella,partitivehella,comparativehellem,superlativekõige hellem)

    1. tender,gentle

    Declension

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    Declension ofhell (ÕS type22i/külm, length gradation)
    singularplural
    nominativehellhellad
    accusativenom.
    gen.hella
    genitivehellade
    partitivehellahelli
    hellasid
    illativehella
    hellasse    		helladesse
    hellisse
    inessivehellashellades
    hellis
    elativehellasthelladest
    hellist
    allativehellalehelladele
    hellile
    adessivehellalhelladel
    hellil
    ablativehellalthelladelt
    hellilt
    translativehellakshelladeks
    helliks
    terminativehellanihelladeni
    essivehellanahelladena
    abessivehellatahelladeta
    comitativehellagahelladega

    German

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    FWOTD – 3 September 2014

    Etymology

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    FromMiddle High Germanhel(“resounding, loud, shining, bright”), fromOld High Germanhel(“resounding”), fromProto-Germanic*halliz(“resounding”), fromProto-Germanic*hellaną(“to resound, make a sound”), fromProto-Indo-European*kelh₁-(“to call, make noise”). Cognate withDutchhel.

    Pronunciation

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    Adjective

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    hell (strong nominative masculine singularheller,comparativeheller,superlativeamhellsten)

    1. clear,bright,light
      Antonym:dunkel
      • 1918,Elisabeth von Heyking,Die Orgelpfeifen, in: Zwei Erzählungen, Phillipp Reclam jun. Verlag, page 9:
        So dunkel und schauerlich die Gruft aussah, wenn man durch die blinden, bestaubten Scheibchen der kleinen Fenster hineinblickte, sohell und freundlich war oben die Kirche.
        Just as dark and eerie the crypt looked like, if one looked in it through the cloudy, dusted little panes of the small windows, asbright and friendly was the church above.

    Declension

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    Positive forms ofhell
    number & gendersingularplural
    masculinefeminineneuter
    predicativeeristhellsieisthellesisthellsiesindhell
    strong declension
    (without article)    		nominativehellerhellehelleshelle
    genitivehellenhellerhellenheller
    dativehellemhellerhellemhellen
    accusativehellenhellehelleshelle
    weak declension
    (with definite article)    		nominativederhellediehelledashellediehellen
    genitivedeshellenderhellendeshellenderhellen
    dativedemhellenderhellendemhellendenhellen
    accusativedenhellendiehelledashellediehellen
    mixed declension
    (with indefinite article)    		nominativeeinhellereinehelleeinhelles(keine)hellen
    genitiveeineshelleneinerhelleneineshellen(keiner)hellen
    dativeeinemhelleneinerhelleneinemhellen(keinen)hellen
    accusativeeinenhelleneinehelleeinhelles(keine)hellen
    Comparative forms ofhell
    number & gendersingularplural
    masculinefeminineneuter
    predicativeeristhellersieisthelleresisthellersiesindheller
    strong declension
    (without article)    		nominativehellererhellerehellereshellere
    genitivehellerenhellererhellerenhellerer
    dativehelleremhellererhelleremhelleren
    accusativehellerenhellerehellereshellere
    weak declension
    (with definite article)    		nominativederhellerediehelleredashellerediehelleren
    genitivedeshellerenderhellerendeshellerenderhelleren
    dativedemhellerenderhellerendemhellerendenhelleren
    accusativedenhellerendiehelleredashellerediehelleren
    mixed declension
    (with indefinite article)    		nominativeeinhellerereinehellereeinhelleres(keine)helleren
    genitiveeineshellereneinerhellereneineshelleren(keiner)helleren
    dativeeinemhellereneinerhellereneinemhelleren(keinen)helleren
    accusativeeinenhellereneinehellereeinhelleres(keine)helleren
    Superlative forms ofhell
    number & gendersingularplural
    masculinefeminineneuter
    predicativeeristamhellstensieistamhellstenesistamhellstensiesindamhellsten
    strong declension
    (without article)    		nominativehellsterhellstehellsteshellste
    genitivehellstenhellsterhellstenhellster
    dativehellstemhellsterhellstemhellsten
    accusativehellstenhellstehellsteshellste
    weak declension
    (with definite article)    		nominativederhellstediehellstedashellstediehellsten
    genitivedeshellstenderhellstendeshellstenderhellsten
    dativedemhellstenderhellstendemhellstendenhellsten
    accusativedenhellstendiehellstedashellstediehellsten
    mixed declension
    (with indefinite article)    		nominativeeinhellstereinehellsteeinhellstes(keine)hellsten
    genitiveeineshellsteneinerhellsteneineshellsten(keiner)hellsten
    dativeeinemhellsteneinerhellsteneinemhellsten(keinen)hellsten
    accusativeeinenhellsteneinehellsteeinhellstes(keine)hellsten

    Derived terms

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    Related terms

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    Further reading

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    • “hell” inDigitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
    • “hell” in Uni Leipzig:Wortschatz-Lexikon
    • “hell” inDuden online

    Luxembourgish

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    Etymology

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    FromOld High Germanhel, related to the verbhellan, fromProto-Germanic*hellaną(“to resound”). Cognate withGermanhelle,Dutchhel.

    Pronunciation

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    Adjective

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    hell (masculinehellen,neuterhellt,comparativeméi hell,superlativeamhellsten)

    1. clear,bright
    2. light,pale

    Declension

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    Declension ofhell
    singularplural
    masculinefeminineneuter
    predicativehien asshellsi asshellet asshellsi si(nn)hell
    nominative /
    accusative    		attributive and/or after determinerhellenhellhellthell
    independent without determinerhellesheller
    dativeafter any declined wordhellenhellerhellenhellen
    as first declined wordhellemhellem

    Middle English

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    Proper noun

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    hell

    1. alternative form ofhelle

    Noun

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    hell

    1. alternative form ofhelle

    Norwegian Bokmål

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    Etymology 1

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    FromOld Norseheill.

    Noun

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    hell n (definite singularhellet,indefinite pluralhell,definite pluralhellaorhellene)

    1. luck

    Etymology 2

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    See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

    Verb

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    hell

    1. imperative ofhelle

    Further reading

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    Norwegian Nynorsk

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    Etymology 1

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    Ultimately fromOld Norseheill.

    Noun

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    hell n (definite singularhellet,indefinite pluralhell,definite pluralhella)

    1. luck

    Etymology 2

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    FromOld Norseheldr.

    Adverb

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    hell

    1. (nonstandard or dialectal)alternative form ofheller(“rather, either; neither”)
      • 1951,Olav H. Hauge,Din veg:
        Og ikkje vardar du vegen, duhell.
        Og vinden stryk ut ditt far i aude fjell.
        And you don't mark out the roadeither.
        And the wind wipes away your trail amid empty mountains.

    Further reading

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    • “hell” inThe Nynorsk Dictionary.
    • “heller”, inNorsk Ordbok: ordbok over det norske folkemålet og det nynorske skriftmålet, Oslo: Samlaget, 1950-2016
    • “helder” in Ivar Aasen (1873)Norsk Ordbog med dansk Forklaring

    Old English

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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      FromProto-West Germanic*hallju, fromProto-Germanic*haljō, ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*ḱel-(“to cover, hide, conceal”).

      CompareGermanhell(“light”).

      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      hell f

      1. hell
        • Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church, quoting "Circumdederunt me gemitus"
          Dēaþes ġeōmerunga mē beēodon, andhelle sārnyssa mē beēodon, and iċ on mīnre ġedrefednysse Drihten clypode, and hē of his hālgan temple mīne stemne ġehyrde.
          The moaning of death surrounded me, and the pains ofhell surrounded me, and in my distress I called out to the Lord, and from his holy temple he heard my voice.

      Declension

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      Strongō-stem:

      singularplural
      nominativehellhella,helle
      accusativehellehella,helle
      genitivehellehella
      dativehellehellum

      Derived terms

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      Descendants

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      Swedish

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      Etymology

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      FromOld Swedishheel, fromOld Norseheill(“good omen, luck”, literally“whole, healthy”).Doublet ofhel.

      Interjection

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      hell

      1. (archaic)hail (exclamation or greeting)

      Derived terms

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      References

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      Welsh

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      Pronunciation

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      Etymology 1

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      Adjective

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      hell (not mutable)

      1. (neologism, literary)femininesingular ofhyll
      Usage notes
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      This is a rare term formed by analogy withcref,gwen etc. as feminine forms ofcryf(“strong”),gwyn(“white”) etc., rather than inherited.

      Quotations
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      • 1918,Ellis Humphrey Evans (Hedd Wyn), translated by Gillian Clarke,Rhyfel [War]‎[1]:
        […] O'i ôl mae dyn, yn deyrn a gwreng, / Yn codi ei awdurdodhell.
        […] Instead, man, king or peasantry, / Raises hisgross authority.

      Etymology 2

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      Noun

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      hell (not mutable)

      1. h-prothesized form ofell

      Further reading

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      • D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “hell”, inGweiadur: the Welsh–English Dictionary, Gwerin
      • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke,et al., editors (1950–present), “hell”, inGeiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
      Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=hell&oldid=89541294"
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