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hell

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:he'll,Hell,andhéll

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishhelle, fromOld Englishhell, fromProto-West Germanic*hallju, fromProto-Germanic*haljō(“concealed place, netherworld”), fromProto-Indo-European*ḱel-(“to cover, conceal, save”).

Cognate withSaterland FrisianHälle(“hell”),West Frisianhel(“hell”),Dutchhel(“hell”),German Low GermanHell(“hell”),GermanHölle(“hell”),Norwegianhelvete(“hell”),Icelandichel(“the abode of the dead, death”). Also related to theHel ofGermanicmythology. See alsohele.

Proper noun

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hell

  1. (in many religions, uncountable) A place oftorment where some or allsinners are believed to go afterdeath andevilspirits are believed to be.
    Antonym:heaven
    May you rot inhell!
Synonyms
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Descendants
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  • → Korean:헬(hel)
Translations
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abode for the condemned

Noun

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hell (countable anduncountable,pluralhells)

  1. (countable, hyperbolic, figuratively) A place or situation of great suffering in life.
    My new boss is making my job ahell.
    I went throughhell to get home today.
    callbackhell;<table>hell;<div>hell(computer programming)
    • 1879, General William T. Sherman, commencement address at the Michigan Military Academy
      There is many a boy here today who looks on war as all glory, but, boys, it is allhell.
    • 1986, “Disposable Heroes”, in Metallica (music),Master of Puppets:
      Why, am I dying? / Kill, have no fear / Lie, live off lying /Hell,hell is here
    • 2024 May 8, Damian Carrington, “‘Hopeless and broken’: why the world’s top climate scientists are in despair. World’s top climate scientists expect global heating to blast past 1.5C target”, inThe Guardian, UK:
      So how do the scientists cope with their work being ignored for decades, and living in a world their findings indicate is on a “highway tohell”?.
  2. (countable) Aplace forgambling.
  3. (figuratively) Anextremelyhot place.
    You don’t have asnowball's chance inhell.
  4. (sometimes vulgar)Used as anintensifier in phrases grammatically requiring a noun.
    • 1992,Neal Stephenson,Snow Crash, page321:
      She's got her arms down to her side, defiant. But just for thehell of it, she leans into him, wraps her arms around his neck, puts her head on his shoulder, and hangs on tight.
    I’m as mad ashell and I’m not going to take it anymore.
    What thehell is wrong with you?!
    He says he’s going home early?Likehell he is.
  5. (obsolete) A place into which atailorthrowsshreds, or aprinterdiscardsbrokentype.
  6. In certaingames ofchase, a place to which those who are caught are carried fordetention.
  7. (colloquial, usually withon) Something extremely painful or harmful (to)
    That steep staircase ishell on my knees.
Derived terms
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Translations
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place of suffering in life
extremely hot place
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Interjection

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hell(colloquial, sometimes vulgar)

  1. Used to express discontent, unhappiness, or anger.
    Oh,hell! I got another parking ticket.
  2. (no longerproductive)Used to emphasize.
  3. Used to introduce an intensified statement following an understated one; nay; not only that, but.
    Do it, or, rest assured, there will be no more Middle Eastern crisis –hell, there will be no more Middle East!
Derived terms
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Translations
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hell!
See also
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Adverb

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hell (notcomparable)

  1. (postpositional)Alternative form ofthe hellorlike hell.
    • 1990,Mama's Family (television sitcom), "Look Who's Breathing" (season 6, episode 18)
      - Oh, aren't they sweet?
      - Sweet,hell. They look like Tweedledum and Tweedledumber.
    • 1991 September,Stephen Fry, chapter 1, inThe Liar, London:Heinemann,→ISBN, section II,page24:
      ‘[…] I know whether a boy is telling me the truth or not.’
      ‘Thank you, sir.’
      Did hehell. They never bloody did.
  2. (Australia, New Zealand, colloquial, sometimes vulgar)Very;used to emphasize strongly.
    Synonym:hella
    That washell good!
    They'rehell sexy.

Verb

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hell (third-person singular simple presenthells,present participlehelling,simple past and past participlehelled)

  1. To makehellish; toplace (someone) in hell; to make (a place) into a hell.[from 17th c.]
  2. Tohurry,rush.[from 19th c.]
    • 1929,William Faulkner,The Sound and the Fury:
      I had already lost thirteen points, all because she had to comehelling in there at twelve, worrying me about that letter.
  3. (intransitive) To move quickly and loudly; toraise hell as part of motion.
    He washelling down the road with his radio blaring.

Etymology 2

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FromGermanhellen(“to brighten, burnish”). Related toDutchhel(“clear, bright”) andGermanhell(“clear, bright”).

Verb

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hell (third-person singular simple presenthells,present participlehelling,simple past and past participlehelled)

  1. (rare, metal-working) To addluster to; toburnish (silver orgold).
    • 1770, Godfrey Smith,The Laboratory: Or, School of Arts:
      Tohell gold or gilt workː take two ounces of tartar, two ounces of sulfur.. and it will give it a fine luster.

Etymology 3

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FromMiddle Englishhellen, fromOld Norsehella(“to pour”), fromProto-Germanic*halþijaną(“to incline, tip; to pour out, empty”), fromProto-Indo-European*ḱel-(“to lean, incline”). Cognate withIcelandichella(“to pour”),Norwegianhelle(“to pour”),Swedishhälla(“to pour”). See also Englishhield.

Verb

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hell (third-person singular simple presenthells,present participlehelling,simple past and past participlehelled)

  1. (rare) Topour.
    • 18th century,Josiah Relph,The Harvest; or Bashful Shepherd
      Gosh, the sickle went into me handː Downhell'd the bluid.

Albanian

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Etymology

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FromProto-Albanian*skōla, fromProto-Indo-European*(s)kol-(“stake”); compareLithuaniankuõlas,Polishkół,Ancient Greekσκύλος(skúlos).

Noun

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hell m (pluralheje, definitehelli, definite pluralhejet)

  1. skewer
  2. spear
  3. icicle
  4. (adverb) standing straight without moving

Cornish

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Noun

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hell

  1. aspirate mutation ofkell

Estonian

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Etymology

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FromProto-Finnic*hellä. Cognate toFinnishhellä andVoticelle.

Adjective

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hell (genitivehella,partitivehella,comparativehellem,superlativekõige hellem)

  1. tender,gentle

Declension

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Declension ofhell (ÕS type22i/külm, length gradation)
singularplural
nominativehellhellad
accusativenom.
gen.hella
genitivehellade
partitivehellahelli
hellasid
illativehella
hellasse		helladesse
hellisse
inessivehellashellades
hellis
elativehellasthelladest
hellist
allativehellalehelladele
hellile
adessivehellalhelladel
hellil
ablativehellalthelladelt
hellilt
translativehellakshelladeks
helliks
terminativehellanihelladeni
essivehellanahelladena
abessivehellatahelladeta
comitativehellagahelladega

German

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FWOTD – 3 September 2014

Etymology

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FromMiddle High Germanhel(“resounding, loud, shining, bright”), fromOld High Germanhel(“resounding”), fromProto-Germanic*halliz(“resounding”), fromProto-Germanic*hellaną(“to resound, make a sound”), fromProto-Indo-European*kelh₁-(“to call, make noise”). Cognate withDutchhel.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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hell (strong nominative masculine singularheller,comparativeheller,superlativeamhellsten)

  1. clear,bright,light
    Antonym:dunkel
    • 1918,Elisabeth von Heyking,Die Orgelpfeifen, in: Zwei Erzählungen, Phillipp Reclam jun. Verlag, page 9:
      So dunkel und schauerlich die Gruft aussah, wenn man durch die blinden, bestaubten Scheibchen der kleinen Fenster hineinblickte, sohell und freundlich war oben die Kirche.
      Just as dark and eerie the crypt looked like, if one looked in it through the cloudy, dusted little panes of the small windows, asbright and friendly was the church above.

Declension

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Positive forms ofhell
number & gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuter
predicativeeristhellsieisthellesisthellsiesindhell
strong declension
(without article)		nominativehellerhellehelleshelle
genitivehellenhellerhellenheller
dativehellemhellerhellemhellen
accusativehellenhellehelleshelle
weak declension
(with definite article)		nominativederhellediehelledashellediehellen
genitivedeshellenderhellendeshellenderhellen
dativedemhellenderhellendemhellendenhellen
accusativedenhellendiehelledashellediehellen
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		nominativeeinhellereinehelleeinhelles(keine)hellen
genitiveeineshelleneinerhelleneineshellen(keiner)hellen
dativeeinemhelleneinerhelleneinemhellen(keinen)hellen
accusativeeinenhelleneinehelleeinhelles(keine)hellen
Comparative forms ofhell
number & gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuter
predicativeeristhellersieisthelleresisthellersiesindheller
strong declension
(without article)		nominativehellererhellerehellereshellere
genitivehellerenhellererhellerenhellerer
dativehelleremhellererhelleremhelleren
accusativehellerenhellerehellereshellere
weak declension
(with definite article)		nominativederhellerediehelleredashellerediehelleren
genitivedeshellerenderhellerendeshellerenderhelleren
dativedemhellerenderhellerendemhellerendenhelleren
accusativedenhellerendiehelleredashellerediehelleren
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		nominativeeinhellerereinehellereeinhelleres(keine)helleren
genitiveeineshellereneinerhellereneineshelleren(keiner)helleren
dativeeinemhellereneinerhellereneinemhelleren(keinen)helleren
accusativeeinenhellereneinehellereeinhelleres(keine)helleren
Superlative forms ofhell
number & gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuter
predicativeeristamhellstensieistamhellstenesistamhellstensiesindamhellsten
strong declension
(without article)		nominativehellsterhellstehellsteshellste
genitivehellstenhellsterhellstenhellster
dativehellstemhellsterhellstemhellsten
accusativehellstenhellstehellsteshellste
weak declension
(with definite article)		nominativederhellstediehellstedashellstediehellsten
genitivedeshellstenderhellstendeshellstenderhellsten
dativedemhellstenderhellstendemhellstendenhellsten
accusativedenhellstendiehellstedashellstediehellsten
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		nominativeeinhellstereinehellsteeinhellstes(keine)hellsten
genitiveeineshellsteneinerhellsteneineshellsten(keiner)hellsten
dativeeinemhellsteneinerhellsteneinemhellsten(keinen)hellsten
accusativeeinenhellsteneinehellsteeinhellstes(keine)hellsten

Derived terms

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Related terms

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Further reading

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  • “hell” inDigitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
  • “hell” in Uni Leipzig:Wortschatz-Lexikon
  • “hell” inDuden online

Luxembourgish

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Etymology

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FromOld High Germanhel, related to the verbhellan, fromProto-Germanic*hellaną(“to resound”). Cognate withGermanhelle,Dutchhel.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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hell (masculinehellen,neuterhellt,comparativeméi hell,superlativeamhellsten)

  1. clear,bright
  2. light,pale

Declension

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Declension ofhell
singularplural
masculinefeminineneuter
predicativehien asshellsi asshellet asshellsi si(nn)hell
nominative /
accusative		attributive and/or after determinerhellenhellhellthell
independent without determinerhellesheller
dativeafter any declined wordhellenhellerhellenhellen
as first declined wordhellemhellem

Middle English

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Proper noun

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hell

  1. alternative form ofhelle

Noun

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hell

  1. alternative form ofhelle

Norwegian Bokmål

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Etymology 1

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FromOld Norseheill.

Noun

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hell n (definite singularhellet,indefinite pluralhell,definite pluralhellaorhellene)

  1. luck

Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

Verb

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hell

  1. imperative ofhelle

Further reading

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology 1

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Ultimately fromOld Norseheill.

Noun

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hell n (definite singularhellet,indefinite pluralhell,definite pluralhella)

  1. luck

Etymology 2

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FromOld Norseheldr.

Adverb

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hell

  1. (nonstandard or dialectal)alternative form ofheller(“rather, either; neither”)
    • 1951,Olav H. Hauge,Din veg:
      Og ikkje vardar du vegen, duhell.
      Og vinden stryk ut ditt far i aude fjell.
      And you don't mark out the roadeither.
      And the wind wipes away your trail amid empty mountains.

Further reading

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  • “hell” inThe Nynorsk Dictionary.
  • “heller”, inNorsk Ordbok: ordbok over det norske folkemålet og det nynorske skriftmålet, Oslo: Samlaget, 1950-2016
  • “helder” in Ivar Aasen (1873)Norsk Ordbog med dansk Forklaring

Old English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromProto-West Germanic*hallju, fromProto-Germanic*haljō, ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*ḱel-(“to cover, hide, conceal”).

CompareGermanhell(“light”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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hell f

  1. hell
    • Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church, 1uoting "Circumdederunt me gemitus"
      Dēaþes ġeōmerunga mē beēodon, andhelle sārnyssa mē beēodon, and iċ on mīnre ġedrefednysse Drihten clypode, and hē of his hālgan temple mīne stemne ġehyrde.
      The moaning of death surrounded me, and the pains ofhell surrounded me, and in my distress I called out to the Lord, and from his holy temple he heard my voice.

Declension

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Strongō-stem:

singularplural
nominativehellhella,helle
accusativehellehella,helle
genitivehellehella
dativehellehellum

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Swedish

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Etymology

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FromOld Swedishheel, fromOld Norseheill(“good omen, luck”, literally“whole, healthy”).Doublet ofhel.

Interjection

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hell

  1. (archaic)hail (exclamation or greeting)

Derived terms

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References

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Welsh

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Adjective

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hell (not mutable)

  1. (neologism, literary)femininesingular ofhyll
Usage notes
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This is a rare term formed by analogy withcref,gwen etc. as feminine forms ofcryf(“strong”),gwyn(“white”) etc., rather than inherited.

Quotations
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  • 1918,Ellis Humphrey Evans (Hedd Wyn), translated by Gillian Clarke,Rhyfel [War]‎[1]:
    […] O'i ôl mae dyn, yn deyrn a gwreng, / Yn codi ei awdurdodhell.
    […] Instead, man, king or peasantry, / Raises hisgross authority.

Etymology 2

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Noun

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hell (not mutable)

  1. h-prothesized form ofell

Further reading

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  • D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “hell”, inGweiadur: the Welsh–English Dictionary, Gwerin
  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “hell”, inGeiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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