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hel

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:Appendix:Variations of "hel"

Danish

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /heːˀl/,[ˈhe̝ˀl]

Etymology 1

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FromOld Norseheill, fromProto-Germanic*hailaz(“whole, sound”), cognate withEnglishwhole,Germanheil,Dutchheel,Gothic𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐍃(hails).

Adjective

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hel (neuterhelt,plural and definite singular attributivehele)

whole,entire,complete,full(undivided, with all elements)
whole,intact,undamaged(not broken)
thehour,top of the hour(at the start of a new hour)
entire (Used to indicate that an amount is considered large.)
- 2012, Jan Sonnergaard,Trilogien, Gyldendal A/S,→ISBN:
  Man kan være så frygteligt alene i måneder,hele måneder ad gangen, og gøre stort set alt hvad der står i éns magt for at komme i kontakt.
  One can be so terribly alone for months,entire months at a time, and do practically anything in one's power to get in contact.
- 2012, Ib Melchior,Spionjæger - en dansk kontraspions bedrifter i den amerikanske hær under 2. verdenskrig, Lindhardt og Ringhof,→ISBN:
  Jeg så en mand, der holdt sin Soldbuch frem til samtlige GI'er, der gik forbi i enhel halv time, og ingen tog notits af ham.
  I saw a man who held out his Soldbuch to every single GI who want past him for anentire half hour, and no one took any notice of him.

Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

Verb

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hel

imperative ofhele

Dutch

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ɦɛl/
Audio: (file)
Hyphenation:hel
Rhymes:-ɛl

Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Dutchhelle, fromOld Dutchhella, fromProto-West Germanic*hallju, fromProto-Germanic*haljō, fromProto-Indo-European*ḱel-(“to cover, hide, conceal”).

Noun

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hel f (pluralhellen,diminutivehelletje n)

(religion, mythology)hell, an infernalafterlife
Synonyms:poel,jammerpoel
Ik hoop dat je zal branden in dehel. ―I hope you will burn inhell.
(figurative) a terrible place orordeal
Hij maakte daarmee haar leven tot eenhel. ―With that he made her life into ahell.

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Negerhollands:hel,hei

Etymology 2

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Probably borrowed fromGermanhell(“shining, very light”).

Adjective

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hel (comparativeheller,superlativehelst)

bright
Synonym:helder

Declension

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Declension ofhel
uninflected	hel
inflected	helle
comparative	heller
		positive	comparative	superlative
predicative/adverbial		hel	heller	hethelst hethelste
indefinite	m./f. sing.	helle	hellere	helste
	n. sing.	hel	heller	helste
	plural	helle	hellere	helste
definite		helle	hellere	helste
partitive		hels	hellers	—

Etymology 3

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Seehal.

Noun

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hel n or f (pluralhellen,diminutivehelletje n)

alternative form ofhal(“frozen spot”)

Etymology 4

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See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

Verb

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hel

inflection ofhellen:
1. first-person singular present indicative
2. (in case ofinversion)second-person singular present indicative
3. imperative

References

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van Veen, P.A.F.;van der Sijs, Nicoline (1997),Etymologisch woordenboek: de herkomst van onze woorden (in Dutch), Utrecht; Antwerpen: Van Dale Lexicografie,→ISBN

Icelandic

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Etymology

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FromOld Norsehel, fromProto-Germanic*haljō, fromProto-Indo-European*ḱel-(“to cover, hide, conceal”).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /hɛːl/
Rhymes:-ɛːl

Noun

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hel f (genitive singularheljar,no plural)

hell (underworld),death

Usage notes

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The dativehelju also occurs, mainly in the phraseheimta úr helju.
The word is normally not used with suffixed article, but the genitive definite form,heljarinnar, occurs as an intensifier (meaning something like “hell of a”).

Declension

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Declension ofhel (sg-only feminine)
	singular
	indefinite	definite
nominative	hel	—
accusative	hel	—
dative	hel,helju¹	—
genitive	heljar	heljarinnar¹

¹In set phrases.

Related terms

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helvíti

Limburgish

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Etymology 1

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From Early Modern Limburgishhèl, fromMiddle Dutchhelle.

Alternative forms

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hèl(older variant, Moelingen)
Höll(Eupen, Krefeld)
Héll(Eupen)

Noun

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hel f

hell
(figuratively) a bad place to be
Synonym:verdommenis

Etymology 2

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From earlierhelle.

Alternative forms

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héll(Eupen)
hell(Krefeld)

Adjective

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hel (comparativehelder,superlativehels,predicative superlative'thèls)

Middle English

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Etymology 1

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Noun

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hel

alternative form ofhele(“health”)

Etymology 2

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Proper noun

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hel

alternative form ofhelle

Northern Kurdish

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Noun

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hel f

solution

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Norwegian Bokmål

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hel (neuter singularhelt,definite singular and pluralhele)

whole, unbroken
Hun har ikke røykt på enhel uke.
She hasn't smoked for awhole week.
Jeg vet ikke,hele denne greia virker litt risikabel for meg.
I don't know, thiswhole thing seems a little risky to me.
Jeg tror ikke han forstår hvorfor, Harry, men han hadde det så travelt med å kveste sin egen sjel at han aldri tok seg tid til å forstå den uforliknelige kraft i en sjel som er uplettet oghel. (from page 463 of the Norwegian translation ofHarry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince,Harry Potter og Halvblodsprinsen)
I do not think he understands why, Harry, but he was in such a hurry to mutilate his own soul, he never paused to understand the incomparable power of a soul that is untarnished andwhole. (from page 478 of the original British version ofHarry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince)
pure,all
Jeg fikk tak i en genser ihel ull, den blir god å ha når vinteren kommer.
I got myself apure wool sweater, it'll come in handy when winter arrives.
(used as a noun) it, all of it, the whole/entire thing
Og det beste ved dethele er at jeg slipper å se deg i to,hele måneder!
And the best part of it is that I don't have to see you for twowhole months!

Synonyms

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whole, unbroken, pure

Derived terms

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Etymology 2

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Verb

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hel

imperative ofhele

References

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“hel” inThe Bokmål Dictionary.
“hel” inThe Ordnett Dictionary
Harry Potter og Halvblodsprinsen,→ISBN. Norwegian translation ofHarry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince by Torstein Bugge Høverstad.
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince,→ISBN, byJ.K. Rowling

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology

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FromOld Norsehel, fromProto-Germanic*haljō, fromProto-Indo-European*ḱel-(“to cover, hide, conceal”). Cognate withFaroese andIcelandichel.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): [hɛ̝ːl],[hɛ̝ːɽ]
Homophone:Hel

Noun

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hel f

death,underworld
ihel ―to death
(Norse mythology)Hel (therealm of the dead who did not die in combat)
Synonyms:helheim,daudeheim,dauderike

Derived terms

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i hel

Related terms

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Hel(“goddess of the death realm”)
helauga
helblakk(“pale as a corpse”)
helborg(“death realm”)
helfar(“cause of death”)
helferd(“moment of death”)
helgrind(“gates of the death realm”)
helheim(en)(“(the) death realm”)
helherre(“lord of the death, devil”)
helhest(“horse with three legs and no head”)
helhund(“Cerberus”)
helhunger(“strong hunger felt before death”)
helhær,helher(“army from the death realm”)
heljar- (e.g.heljarkjøp“hell of a purchase”)
helkjerring(“death goddess”)
helkunst
helmann(“sorcerer with help from the death realm”)
helmaur,helmott(“itching from a deadly illness”)
helnatt
helorar(“bewilderment”)
helord(“cruel words”)
helsott(“deadly illness”)
helstikke
helsynt(“foreseeing one’s death”)
heltroll,heltuss(“demon”)
helvete(“hell”)

References

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“hel” inThe Ordnett Dictionary
“hel” inThe Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Dutch

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Etymology

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FromProto-West Germanic*hail, fromProto-Germanic*hailaz.

Adjective

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hēl

healthy,wholesome

Inflection

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Declension ofhēl (a-stem)

strong declension
case	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural

nominative	hēl	hēl	hēl	hēla,hēle
accusative	hēlan,hēlen	hēla	hēl	hēla,hēle
genitive	hēles	hēlero	hēles	hēlero
dative	hēlin,hēlemo	hēlero	hēlin,hēlemo	hēlon
weak declension
case	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural

nominative	hēlo	hēla	hēla	hēlon
accusative	hēlon	hēlon	hēla	hēlon
genitive	hēlin	hēlon	hēlin	hēlono
dative	hēlin	hēlon	hēlin	hēlon

Descendants

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Middle Dutch:hêel
- Dutch:heel
  - Afrikaans:heel
  - Berbice Creole Dutch:hele
  - Negerhollands:heel,hele,helle
  - Skepi Creole Dutch:helwel,he
  - → Saramaccan:híi
  - → Sranan Tongo:eri,heri,hele,heele,herheri
- Limburgish:heil

References

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“hēl”, inOudnederlands Woordenboek,2012

Old English

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Alternative forms

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hell

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /xel/,[hel]

Noun

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hel f

alternative form ofhell

Declension

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Strongō-stem:

	singular	plural
nominative	hel	hela,hele
accusative	hele	hela,hele
genitive	hele	hela
dative	hele	helum

Old Frisian

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Etymology

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FromProto-West Germanic*hail, fromProto-Germanic*hailaz, fromProto-Indo-European*kéh₂ilos. Cognates includeOld Englishhāl,Old Saxonhēl andOld Dutchheil.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈheːl/,[ˈhɛːl]

Adjective

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hēl

whole

Descendants

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Saterland Frisian:heel
West Frisian:hiel

References

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Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009),An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company,→ISBN

Old Norse

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Etymology

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FromProto-Germanic*haljō. Doublet ofHel.

Noun

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hel f (genitiveheljar,dativehelju)

(Germanic paganism) theunderworld, personified the goddess of the same name
(Christianity)Hell

Declension

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Declension ofhel (strongjō-stem)
feminine	singular		plural
feminine	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	hel	helin	heljar	heljarnar
accusative	hel	helina	heljar	heljarnar
dative	hel,helju	helinni,heljunni	heljum	heljunum
genitive	heljar	heljarinnar	helja	heljanna

Note the-u in the dative singular.

Related terms

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helvíti

Descendants

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Icelandic:hel
Faroese:hel
Norwegian Nynorsk:hel
- → Norwegian Bokmål:hel
⇒ Old Norse:í hel
- Icelandic:í hel
- Norwegian Nynorsk:i hel,ihel-
- Old Swedish:i häl,ihiäl
  - Swedish:ihjäl,ihäl
- Old Danish:i hæl,i hiel
  - Danish:ihjel
    - Norwegian Bokmål:i hjel,ihjel-

Old Saxon

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Etymology 1

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FromProto-West Germanic*hallju, fromProto-Germanic*haljō, fromProto-Indo-European*ḱel-(“to cover, hide, conceal”).

Noun

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hel f

hell

Alternative forms

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hellja,hellia

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Middle Low German:helle
- German Low German:Helle,Hölle,Hell,Höll
- Westphalian:
  Sauerländisch:Helle
  Westmünsterländisch:Helle f,Hell m
- Plautdietsch:Hal

Etymology 2

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FromProto-West Germanic*hail, fromProto-Germanic*hailaz.

Adjective

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hēl

whole,hale

Declension

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Positive forms of hēl
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	hēl	hēl	hēl	hēle,hēla	hēla	hēl,hēla
accusative	hēlan,hēlen	hēla	hēl	hēla,hēle	hēla	hēl,hēla
genitive	hēles,hēlas	hēlara,hēlaro	hēles,hēlas	hēlaro,hēloro,hēlero	hēlaro,hēloro,hēlero	hēlaro,hēloro,hēlero
dative	hēlumu,hēlum,hēlun,hēlun,hēlon,hēlen,hēlan	hēlaro,hēlaru,hēlara	hēlumu,hēlum,hēlun,hēlun,hēlon,hēlen,hēlan	hēlun,hēlon,hēlum	hēlun,hēlon	hēlun,hēlon,hēlum

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	hēlo,hēla	hēla,hēle	hēla,hēle	hēlon,hēlun	hēlon,hēlun,hēlan	hēlon,hēlun
accusative	hēlon,hēlan	hēlun,hēlon,hēlan	hēla,hēle	hēlon,hēlun	hēlon,hēlun,hēlan	hēlon,hēlun
genitive	hēlen,hēlan	hēlun,hēlan,hēlen	hēlen,hēlan	hēlono,hēleno	hēlono	hēlono,hēleno
dative	hēlon,hēlen,hēlan	hēlun,hēlan	hēlon,hēlen,hēlan	hēlon,hēlun	hēlon,hēlun	hēlon,hēlun

Descendants

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Middle Low German:hêl,heil
- Low German:hel,heel,heil

Etymology 3

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FromProto-West Germanic*hail, fromProto-Germanic*hailaz, a noun of similar derivation to the above adjective.

Noun

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hēl n

omen

Declension

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**hēl** (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	hēl	hēl
accusative	hēl	hēl
genitive	hēles	hēlō
dative	hēle	hēlun
instrumental	—	—

Alternative forms

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hēli f

Descendants

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Middle Low German:hēl

Papiamentu

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Etymology

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FromDutchgeel.

Adjective

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hel

yellow

Polish

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PolishWikipedia has an article on:

hel

Wikipedia^pl

Chemical element
He
Previous:wodór (H)
Next:lit (Li)

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈxɛl/

(Greater Poland):
- (Kociewie)IPA^(key): /ˈxɛl/

Audio: (file)
Rhymes:-ɛl
Syllabification:hel
Homophone:Hel

Etymology 1

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Learned borrowing fromNew Latinhēlium.

Noun

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hel m inan (related adjectivehelowy)

helium(second lightest chemical element (symbol He) with an atomic number of 2 and atomic weight of 4.002602, a colorless, odorless, and inert noble gas)

Declension

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Declension ofhel

	singular
nominative	hel
genitive	helu
dative	helowi
accusative	hel
instrumental	helem
locative	helu
vocative	helu

Derived terms

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nouns

helowiec

Etymology 2

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(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Perhaps related to Hel”)

Noun

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hel m inan

(Kociewie, Malbork)airy,high place

Alternative forms

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hél(Kociewie)

Somali

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Verb

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hel

tolike
tofind

Swedish

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Etymology

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FromOld Norseheill, fromProto-Germanic*hailaz.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /heːl/,[ˈheə̯l̪]
Audio: (file)

Adjective

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hel (comparativehelare,superlativehelast)

(only attributively) (the)whole
Hela huset brann ner
The whole house burned down
Jag skulle kunna äta enhel elefant
I could eat anentire elephant
whole (intact, not broken)
Fönstret ärhelt
The windowisn't broken
(as a prefix)completely,totally,full,whole

Declension

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Inflection ofhel
Indefinite	positive	comparative	superlative¹
common singular	hel	helare	helast
neuter singular	helt	helare	helast
plural	hela	helare	helast
masculine plural²	hele	helare	helast

Definite	positive	comparative	superlative
masculine singular³	hele	helare	helaste
all	hela	helare	helaste

¹ The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
² Dated or archaic.
³ Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

Derived terms

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Related terms

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helt

References

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Welsh

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /hɛl/
Rhymes:-ɛl

Etymology 1

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FromProto-Celtic*selgā, fromProto-Indo-European*selǵ-(“let loose, send”). Cognate withOld Irishselg.^[1]

Alternative forms

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hela,hely,hala

Verb

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hel (first-person singular presenthelaf,not mutable)

(North Wales) tosend, todrive
Synonyms:danfon,gyrru,anfon
(North Wales) tochase, topursue
Synonyms:erlid,ymlid
(North Wales) tocollect, togather
Synonyms:casglu,crynhoi
(North Wales) tofrequent, tovisit often
ymweld

Conjugation

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Conjugation ofhel (literary)
	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third	impersonal
present indicative/future	helaf	heli	hela	helwn	helwch	helant	helir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional	helwn	helit	helai	helem	helech	helent	helid
preterite	helais	helaist	helodd	helasom	helasoch	helasant	helwyd
pluperfect	helaswn	helasit	helasai	helasem	helasech	helasent	helasid,helesid
present subjunctive	helwyf	helych	helo	helom	heloch	helont	heler
imperative	—	hela	heled	helwn	helwch	helent	heler

verbal noun	hel
verbal adjectives	heledig heladwy

Conjugation ofhel (colloquial)
inflected colloquial forms	singular			plural
inflected colloquial forms	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	hela i, helaf i	heli di	helith o/e/hi, heliff e/hi	helwn ni	helwch chi	helan nhw
conditional	helwn i, helswn i	helet ti, helset ti	helai fo/fe/hi, helsai fo/fe/hi	helen ni, helsen ni	helech chi, helsech chi	helen nhw, helsen nhw
preterite	helais i, heles i	helaist ti, helest ti	helodd o/e/hi	helon ni	heloch chi	helon nhw
imperative	—	hela	—	—	helwch	—

Note:All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms

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hel ei damaid(“to earn one's crust”)
hel esgusion(“to make excuses”)
helgi(“hound”)
helwr(“hunter”)

Related terms

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hala

Etymology 2

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Adjective

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hel

h-prothesized form ofel

Mutation

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Mutated forms ofel
radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
el	unchanged	unchanged	hel

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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^R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “hel”, inGeiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

West Frisian

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Etymology

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FromOld Frisianhelle, fromProto-West Germanic*hallju.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /hɛl/

Noun

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hel c (plural[please provide])

hell

Yola

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishhalle, fromOld Englishhol.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /hɛl/

Adjective

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hel

hollow

Derived terms

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Hel-teoun

References

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Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828), William Barnes, editor,A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published1867,page45

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