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hedgehog

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:hedge-hog

English

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European hedgehog (mammal)
(Erinaceus europaeus)
Hedgehog mortar
Hedgehog-type dredge cutter
Medicago intertexta pods (G)
Hedgehog transformer

Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishheyghoge; equivalent tohedge +‎hog. Eclipsed non-nativeMiddle Englishyrchoun,irchoun(“hedgehog”), fromOld Frenchhirchoun,herichon(“hedgehog”); andMiddle Englishil, fromOld Englishīl,iġil(“hedgehog”).

In the philosophical sense, from the 1953 essayThe Hedgehog and the Fox byIrving Berlin.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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hedgehog (pluralhedgehogs)

  2. A smallmammal, of the familyErinaceidae or subfamilyErinaceinae. (spiny hedgehogs, the latter characterized by theirspiny back and often by the habit of rolling up into a ball when attacked.)
    • 1610–1611 (date written),William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, andEd[ward] Blount, published1623,→OCLC,[Act II, scene ii],page 9, column 1:
      [L]ikeHedg-hogs vvhich / Lye tumbling in my bare-foote vvay, and mount / Their pricks at my foot-fall: ſometime am I / All vvound vvith Adders, vvho vvith clouen tongues / Doe hiſſe me into madneſſe:[…]
  3. (US) Any of several spiny mammals, such as the porcupine, that are similar to the hedgehog.
  4. (military)Ellipsis ofCzech hedgehog: anantitankobstacle constructed from threesteelrails.
    • 2022 March 21, Bill Chappell, “SWIFT, hedgehog, MiG: Here's a guide to the terms of war in Ukraine”, inSPECIAL SERIES: Ukraine invasion — explained‎[1],NPR, retrieved2022-03-21:
      Ukrainian civilians have been DIY-inghedgehogs, welding two bars or beams at an angle to make a cross and then adding a third to ensure it holds its shape even if it's knocked over.
  5. (informal, military, historical) Aspigotmortar-type ofdepth charge weapon fromWorld War II that simultaneously fires a number of explosives into the water to create a pattern of underwaterexplosions intended to attack submergedsubmarines.
  6. (Australia) A type of chocolate cake (orslice), somewhat similar to an Americanbrownie.
    • 2005, Paul Mitchell,The Favourite, Frank Moorhouse,The Best Australian Stories 2005,page 145,
      There arehedgehogs with sultanas as well as breadcrumbs, carrot cakes and fruitcakes and banana walnut loaves.
    • 2008, Lili Wilkinson,The Not Quite Perfect Boyfriend,unnumbered page:
      I am so flustered that I order a vanilla slice instead ofhedgehog.
    • 2009,Adam Shand,The Skull: Informers, Hit Men and Australia's Toughest Cop,page199:
      His wife had made ahedgehog cake and he offered some but Murphy refused – his mouth was so dry with terror he couldn′t swallow.
  7. A form of dredging machine.
    • 1868, “Dredging”, in Charles Tomlinson, editor,Cyclopædia of Useful Arts, Mechanical and Chemical, Manufactures, Mining, and Engineering, volume 1,page520:
      The first machines merely loosened, but did not raise the stuff, a scouring being afterwards effected by means of sluices. These machines consisted of large bars or prongs placed vertically in a frame, and being fastened to a barge placed in the line of the sluices, the whole was inpelled forward by the current, thereby scouring the bed. Such a machine, called ahedgehog, is still used in Lincolnshire.
  8. Certainflowering plants with parts resembling a member of familyErinaceidae
    1. Medicago intertexta, the pods of which are armed with short spines.
    2. Retzia capensis of South Africa.
  9. TheediblefungusHydnum repandum.
    Synonyms:sweet tooth,wood hedgehog
    • 1998, Randy Molina, David Pilz,Managing Forest Ecosystems to Conserve Fungus Diversity and Sustain Wild Mushroom Harvests:
      Hedgehogs fruit from autumn until late spring. Many consumers are still unfamiliar withhedgehogs, and they have a relatively small commercial trade.
  10. A kind ofelectricaltransformer with open magnetic circuit, the ends of the iron wire core being turned outward and presenting a bristling appearance.
  11. A way of servingfood at aparty, consisting of a halfmelon orpotato etc. with individualcocktail sticks ofcheese andpineapple stuck into it.
  12. (differential geometry) A type ofplane curve; seeHedgehog (geometry).
  13. (chiefly philosophy) Someone who has one bigoverarching personalphilosophy orworldview.
    Antonym:fox
    • 1970,The Month:
      Austin was patiently and painstakingly concerned with truth within limitations. He was ahedgehog, not a fox.
    • 1992, J. E. Tiles, Jim E. Tiles,John Dewey, Psychology Press,→ISBN, page220:
      Dewey was ahedgehog rather than a fox; he spent his life trying to articulate and restate a single vision, and in the writings of his third decade he already exhibits the tension I have claimed to find in the later writings.

Synonyms

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Hyponyms

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Coordinate terms

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Derived terms

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Translations

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animal
obstacle

Verb

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hedgehog (third-person singular simple presenthedgehogs,present participlehedgehogging,simple past and past participlehedgehogged)

  1. (military) To make use of a hedgehogbarricade as adefensivemaneuver.
    • 1966, Theodor Plievier,Stalingrad, page43:
      Hedgehogging means — let us call a spade a spade — that we're were encircled: It's something that has been forced upon us, a predicament from which we ought to try to escape as fast as possible.
    • 2012, Samuel W. Mitcham Jr., Gene Mueller,Hitler's Commanders,→ISBN:
      Luettwitzhedgehogged his regiment and held his positions until the rest of the division arrived two days later.
    • 2007, Samuel W. Mitcham Jr.,Rommel's Desert War: The Life and Death of the Afrika Korps,→ISBN:
      During the night of May 27 the 90th Light Divisionhedgehogged south of El Adem.
  2. To array withspikyprojections like thequills of a hedgehog.
    • 2008, Antonia Quirke,Choking on Marlon Brando,→ISBN:
      All around were styrofoam cupshedgehogged with butts, and the threebar electric heater was encrusted with bits of charcoaled tobacco and frazzled stands of hair where people had stooped down to spark up.
    • 2008, Max Hennessy,Back to Battle,→ISBN, page300:
      The walls were pockmarked with fragments of stone andhedgehogged with jagged daggers of glass, while in the street below there were sickening splodges on the pavement which a workman was covering with sawdust.
    • 2014, George Ryder,Last Action Zero,→ISBN, page39:
      I think they're from different faculties,” I reply, taking a step back to peruse the table filled with assorted snacks, my hand hovering over thehedgehogged tray of cheese and pineapple cocktail sticks.
  3. (ambitransitive) Tocurl up into adefensive ball.
    • 2008, A.L. Kennedy,Day,→ISBN, page229:
      You try for his head, but he'shedgehogged round now, elbows beside his ears and you can't get him.
    • 2011, Edwin Thomas,The Blighted Cliffs,→ISBN, page13:
      I stayedhedgehogged in my ball, listening for movement and trying to ignore the cramp in my legs, the ache in my gut and —encore — the throbbing in my temples.
    • 2014, Robert Ryan,The Dead Can Wait,→ISBN, page287:
      The dead man was lying on a pile of the blankets, curled up, his hands interlocked behind his head, knees drawn up to his chest.Hedgehogged, just like the others.

See also

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Further reading

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