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hammas

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:hämmasandhammaš

Estonian

Etymology

FromProto-Finnic*hambas, fromProto-Balto-Slavic*źámbas.Doublet ofkamm.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈhɑmˑɑs/,[ˈ(h)ɑmˑɑs]
Rhymes:-ɑmˑɑs
Hyphenation:ham‧mas

Noun

hammas (genitivehamba,partitivehammast)

tooth(bone formation in the mouth of a person or animal for grabbing and grinding food)
tooth(a protruding sharp point or tab on a tool, machine part, etc.)

Declension

Declension ofhammas (ÕS type7/kallas,mb-mm gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		hammas	hambad
accusative	nom.	hammas
accusative	gen.	hamba
genitive		hamba	hammaste
partitive		hammast	hambaid
illative		hambasse	hammastesse hambaisse
inessive		hambas	hammastes hambais
elative		hambast	hammastest hambaist
allative		hambale	hammastele hambaile
adessive		hambal	hammastel hambail
ablative		hambalt	hammastelt hambailt
translative		hambaks	hammasteks hambaiks
terminative		hambani	hammasteni
essive		hambana	hammastena
abessive		hambata	hammasteta
comitative		hambaga	hammastega

Derived terms

Finnish

FinnishWikipedia has an article on:

hammas

Etymology

FromProto-Finnic*hambas, borrowed fromProto-Balto-Slavic*źámbas (replacing native Uralicpii <*piŋe),^[1] fromProto-Indo-European*ǵómbʰos. Cognate withProto-Slavic*zǫbъ,Lithuanianžam̃bas,Latvianzobs.Doublet ofkampa.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈhɑmːɑs/,[ˈhɑ̝mːɑ̝s̠]
Rhymes:-ɑmːɑs
Hyphenation^(key):ham‧mas

Noun

hammas

tooth(hard, calcareous structure present in the mouth of many vertebrate animals)
hampaisiin saakka aseistettu ―armed to theteeth
kiristellähampaitaan ―togrit one'steeth
hampaiden oikominen ―orthodontics
tooth,cog(projection on the edge of a gear)
hammasratas ―cogwheel
sprocket(tooth of a sprocket wheel)
tooth,sawtooth
Synonym:sahanhammas
tine,prong,tooth(spike or point on an implement or tool)
Synonyms:oka,ota,pii,piikki
(botany)tooth,serration(pointed projection from the margin of a leaf)
(as modifier in compound terms)toothed(having teeth)
hammasvalas ―toothed whale
(as modifier in compound terms)toothly,dental(of or pertaining to teeth)
hammasklinikka ―dental clinic

Declension

Inflection ofhammas (Kotus type 41*H/vieras,mp-mm gradation)
nominative		hammas	hampaat
genitive		hampaan	hampaiden hampaitten
partitive		hammasta	hampaita
illative		hampaaseen	hampaisiin
		singular	plural
nominative		hammas	hampaat
accusative	nom.	hammas	hampaat
accusative	gen.	hampaan	hampaat
genitive		hampaan	hampaiden hampaitten hammasten^rare
partitive		hammasta	hampaita
inessive		hampaassa	hampaissa
elative		hampaasta	hampaista
illative		hampaaseen	hampaisiin hampaihin^rare
adessive		hampaalla	hampailla
ablative		hampaalta	hampailta
allative		hampaalle	hampaille
essive		hampaana	hampaina
translative		hampaaksi	hampaiksi
abessive		hampaatta	hampaitta
instructive		—	hampain
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms ofhammas(Kotus type 41*H/vieras,mp-mm gradation)

first-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		hampaani	hampaani
accusative	nom.	hampaani	hampaani
accusative	gen.	hampaani	hampaani
genitive		hampaani	hampaideni hampaitteni hammasteni^rare
partitive		hammastani	hampaitani
inessive		hampaassani	hampaissani
elative		hampaastani	hampaistani
illative		hampaaseeni	hampaisiini hampaihini^rare
adessive		hampaallani	hampaillani
ablative		hampaaltani	hampailtani
allative		hampaalleni	hampailleni
essive		hampaanani	hampainani
translative		hampaakseni	hampaikseni
abessive		hampaattani	hampaittani
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	hampaineni

second-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		hampaasi	hampaasi
accusative	nom.	hampaasi	hampaasi
accusative	gen.	hampaasi	hampaasi
genitive		hampaasi	hampaidesi hampaittesi hammastesi^rare
partitive		hammastasi	hampaitasi
inessive		hampaassasi	hampaissasi
elative		hampaastasi	hampaistasi
illative		hampaaseesi	hampaisiisi hampaihisi^rare
adessive		hampaallasi	hampaillasi
ablative		hampaaltasi	hampailtasi
allative		hampaallesi	hampaillesi
essive		hampaanasi	hampainasi
translative		hampaaksesi	hampaiksesi
abessive		hampaattasi	hampaittasi
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	hampainesi

first-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		hampaamme	hampaamme
accusative	nom.	hampaamme	hampaamme
accusative	gen.	hampaamme	hampaamme
genitive		hampaamme	hampaidemme hampaittemme hammastemme^rare
partitive		hammastamme	hampaitamme
inessive		hampaassamme	hampaissamme
elative		hampaastamme	hampaistamme
illative		hampaaseemme	hampaisiimme hampaihimme^rare
adessive		hampaallamme	hampaillamme
ablative		hampaaltamme	hampailtamme
allative		hampaallemme	hampaillemme
essive		hampaanamme	hampainamme
translative		hampaaksemme	hampaiksemme
abessive		hampaattamme	hampaittamme
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	hampainemme

second-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		hampaanne	hampaanne
accusative	nom.	hampaanne	hampaanne
accusative	gen.	hampaanne	hampaanne
genitive		hampaanne	hampaidenne hampaittenne hammastenne^rare
partitive		hammastanne	hampaitanne
inessive		hampaassanne	hampaissanne
elative		hampaastanne	hampaistanne
illative		hampaaseenne	hampaisiinne hampaihinne^rare
adessive		hampaallanne	hampaillanne
ablative		hampaaltanne	hampailtanne
allative		hampaallenne	hampaillenne
essive		hampaananne	hampainanne
translative		hampaaksenne	hampaiksenne
abessive		hampaattanne	hampaittanne
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	hampainenne

third-person possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		hampaansa	hampaansa
accusative	nom.	hampaansa	hampaansa
accusative	gen.	hampaansa	hampaansa
genitive		hampaansa	hampaidensa hampaittensa hammastensa^rare
partitive		hammastaan hammastansa	hampaitaan hampaitansa
inessive		hampaassaan hampaassansa	hampaissaan hampaissansa
elative		hampaastaan hampaastansa	hampaistaan hampaistansa
illative		hampaaseensa	hampaisiinsa hampaihinsa^rare
adessive		hampaallaan hampaallansa	hampaillaan hampaillansa
ablative		hampaaltaan hampaaltansa	hampailtaan hampailtansa
allative		hampaalleen hampaallensa	hampailleen hampaillensa
essive		hampaanaan hampaanansa	hampainaan hampainansa
translative		hampaakseen hampaaksensa	hampaikseen hampaiksensa
abessive		hampaattaan hampaattansa	hampaittaan hampaittansa
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	hampaineen hampainensa

Derived terms

adjectives

nouns

hampaisto

verbs

compounds

References

^Junttila, Santeri, Kallio, Petri, Holopainen, Sampsa, Kuokkala, Juha, Pystynen, Juho, editors (2020–), “hammas”, inSuomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja‎^[1] (in Finnish), retrieved2024-01-01

Further reading

“hammas”, inKielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki:Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland),2004–, retrieved2023-07-01

Ingrian

Etymology

FromProto-Finnic*hambas. Cognates includeFinnishhammas andEstonianhammas.

Pronunciation

(Ala-Laukaa)IPA^(key): /ˈhɑmːɑs/,[ˈhɑmːəz̠]
(Soikkola)IPA^(key): /ˈhɑmːɑs/,[ˈhɑmːɑʒ̥]
(Hevaha)IPA^(key): /ˈhɑmːɑs/,[ˈhɑmːɑʒ̥]
Rhymes:-ɑmːɑs
Hyphenation:ham‧mas

Noun

hammas

tooth
- 1936, V. I. Junus,Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎^[3], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page138:
  Oi-oi, kuin onohammas kippiä.
  Oh no, how thetooth is aching.

Declension

Declension ofhammas (type 2/patsas, mp-mm gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	hammas	hampaat
genitive	hampaan	hampain
partitive	hammasta,hammast	hampaita,hampaja
illative	hampaasse	hampaisse
inessive	hampaas	hampais
elative	hampaast	hampaist
allative	hampaalle	hampaille
adessive	hampaal	hampail
ablative	hampaalt	hampailt
translative	hampaaks	hampaiks
essive	hampaanna,hampaan	hampainna,hampain
exessive¹⁾	hampaant	hampaint
¹⁾ obsolete ^) theaccusative corresponds with either thegenitive (sg) ornominative (pl) ^*) thecomitative is formed by adding the suffix-ka^? or-kä^? to thegenitive.

Soikkola declension ofhammas(type 2/patsas, mp-mm gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	hammas	hampahat, hampaat
genitive	hampahan	hampahiin
partitive	hammasta	hampahia
illative	hampahasse	hampahisse
inessive	hampahaas	hampahiis
elative	hampahast	hampahist
allative	hampahalle	hampahille
adessive	hampahaal	hampahiil
ablative	hampahalt	hampahilt
translative	hampahaks	hampahiks
essive	hampahaan	hampahiin
exessive¹⁾	hampahant	hampahint
¹⁾ Obsolete ^*) theaccusative corresponds with either thegenitive (sg) ornominative (pl)

Derived terms

References

Ruben E. Nirvi (1971)Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page43
Arvo Laanest (1997)Isuri keele Hevaha murde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut, page30

Karelian

Noun

hammas

Superseded spelling ofhammaš.

References

P. M. Zaykov (1999)Грамматика Карельского языка (фонетика и морфология) [Grammar of the Karelian language (phonetics and morphology)],→ISBN, pages48-49

Old English

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxɑm.mɑs/,[ˈhɑm.mɑs]

Noun

hammas

nominative/accusativeplural ofhamm

Võro

Etymology

FromProto-Finnic*hambas, fromProto-Balto-Slavic*źámbas.

Noun

hammas (genitivehamba,partitivehammast)

tooth

Declension

Inflection ofhammas

	singular	plural
nominative	hammas	hambaq
accusative	hamba	hambaq
genitive	hamba	hambidõ hammastõ
partitive	hammast	hambit
illative	hambahe	hambihe hammastõhe
inessive	hamban hambahn	hambin hammastõn hambihn hammastõhn
elative	hambast	hambist hammastõst
allative	hambalõ	hambilõ hammastõlõ
adessive	hambal	hambil hammastõl
ablative	hambalt	hambilt hammastõlt
translative	hambas	hambis hammastõs
terminative	hambaniq	hambiniq hammastõniq
abessive	hambaldaq	hambildaq hammastõldaq
comitative	hambagaq	hambidõgaq hammastõgaq

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