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Bouyei personal pronouns
Person	Singular	Plural
1st	exclusive	gul	dul,hocdul,bozdul,jongsdul
inclusive	rauz,raz,hocrauz,hocraz,bozrauz,bozraz,jongsrauz,jongsraz
humble	wois,weis	bozwois,bozweis,jongswois,jongsweis
2nd	mengz	sul,hocsul,bozsul,jongssul,riel,hocriel,bozriel,jongsriel
3rd	deel	hocdeel,bozdeel,jongsdeel

Bura

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): [ɡúl]

Noun

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gul

small hole

References

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2007.The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

Cornish

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Alternative forms

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gwul(Revived Late Cornish)

Etymology

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Inflected forms ingwr- are fromProto-Brythonic*gwrėɣɨd, fromProto-Celtic*wregeti. Cognate withWelshgwneud,Bretonober (conjugation in gr-).

Verb

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gul (irregular)

todo,make

Conjugation

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Conjugation ofgul
		singular			plural			impersonal
		first	second	third	first	second	third	impersonal
indicative	present/future	gwrav	gwredh	gwra	gwren	gwrewgh	gwrons	gwrer
	preterite	gwrug	gwrussys	gwrug	gwrussyn	gwrussowgh	gwrussons	gwrug
	imperfect	gwren	gwres	gwre	gwren	gwrewgh	gwrens	gwres
	pluperfect	gwrussen	gwrusses	gwrussa	gwrussen	gwrussewgh	gwrussens	gwrussys

subjunctive	present/future	gwrylliv	gwrylli	gwrello	gwryllyn	gwryllowgh	gwrellons	gwreller
subjunctive	imperfect	gwrellen	gwrelles	gwrella	gwrellen	gwrellewgh	gwrellens	gwrellys

imperative		-	gwra	gwres	gwren	gwrewgh	gwrens	-

non-finite forms		present participle		ow kul	verbal adjective		gwrys

Derived terms

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daswul(“redo, remake”,verb)
diswul(“undo”,verb)
dyski dhe nebonan gul neppyth(“teach somebody to do something”,verb)
gorwul(“overdo”,verb)
gul amendys,gul restorita(“make amends”,verb)
gul aswon(“acquaint”,verb)
gul bismer dhe(“scandalise, disgrace, vilify”,verb)
gul bos unverhes(“reconcile”,verb)
gul devnydh a(“make use of”,verb)
gul devnydh da a(“put to good use”,verb)
gul dhe glamdera(“stun”,verb)
gul dhe nebonan gul neppyth(“make somebody do something”,verb)
gul disooth(“make redundant”,verb)
gul dysmygriv(“estimate”,verb)
gul feyth(“make fertile”,verb)
gul ges,gul ges a(“mock”,verb)
gul glaw(“rain”,verb)
gul gora(“make hay”,verb)
gul hwel(“work”,verb)
gul kamm erbynn(“wrong”,verb)
gul keser(“hail”,verb)
gul lost(“form a queue”,verb)
gul maystri war(“tyrannise”,verb)
gul mencyon a(“mention somebody, mention something”,verb)
gul mowa(“grimace”,verb)
gul pratt(“trick”,verb)
gul prov(“prove”,verb)
gul revrons dhe(“respect”,verb)
gul sugen(“juice”,verb)
gul tonnek(“flock together”,verb)
gul torr(“make a break”,verb)
gul tronkys(“have a bath”,verb)
gul vri a(“esteem”,verb)
gul war-lergh(“imitate”,verb)
gwrys(“done, made”)
heb gul gik na mik(“stock-still”)
heb gul son(“silently”)
kammwul(“err, make a mistake”,verb)
kowlwul(“complete”,verb)
lesta nebonan rag gul neppyth(“prevent somebody from doing something”,verb)
mynnes orth nebonan gul neppyth(“wish for somebody to do something”,verb)
omwul(“pretend”,verb)
treuswul(“transact”,verb)

Mutation

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Mutation ofgul
unmutated	soft	aspirate	hard	mixed	mixed after 'th
gul	wul	unchanged	kul	hwul	wul

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Cornish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Danish

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Etymology

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FromOld Danishguul, fromOld Norsegulr, fromProto-Indo-European*ǵʰelh₃-(“green, yellow”).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ɡuːˀl/,[ɡ̊uˀl],[kuˀl]

Adjective

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gul (neutergult,plural and definite singular attributivegule)

yellow

Inflection

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Inflection ofgul
	positive	comparative	superlative
indefinite common singular	gul	gulere	gulest²
indefinite neuter singular	gult	gulere	gulest²
plural	gule	gulere	gulest²
definite attributive¹	gule	gulere	guleste

¹ When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite,
the corresponding "indefinite" form is used.
² The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

Colors in Danish ·farver(layout ·text)
hvid	grå	sort
rød;højrød,mørkerød	orange;brun	gul;flødefarvet
lime,lysegrøn	grøn,mørkegrøn	mintgrøn
cyan;turkis,lyseblå	azurblå,himmelblå	blå,mørkeblå
violet;indigo	magenta;lilla	lyserød,rosa

References

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“gul” inDen Danske Ordbog
“gul” inOrdbog over det danske Sprog

Dutch

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ɣʏl/
Audio: (file)
Hyphenation:gul
Rhymes:-ʏl

Etymology 1

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Uncertain. Probably cognate with West Frisiangol(“kind of heart”), Middle Englishgulle(“friendly”). A relation togutsen has been suggested.^[1]

Adjective

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gul (comparativeguller,superlativegulst)

generous,unselfish
unsparing,plentiful
hearty,cordial
Hij lachtegul.
He laughedheartily.

Declension

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Declension ofgul
uninflected	gul
inflected	gulle
comparative	guller
		positive	comparative	superlative
predicative/adverbial		gul	guller	hetgulst hetgulste
indefinite	m./f. sing.	gulle	gullere	gulste
	n. sing.	gul	guller	gulste
	plural	gulle	gullere	gulste
definite		gulle	gullere	gulste
partitive		guls	gullers	—

Synonyms

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(generous):genereus,goedgeefs,munificent,vrijgevig,royaal

Derived terms

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Related terms

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gullen

Etymology 2

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FromMiddle Dutch*gul(le) (attested only in the diminutivegullekijn). Uncertain, but plausibly related togeel(“yellow”).

Noun

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gul m or f (pluralgullen,diminutivegulletje n)

young cod

References

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^van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “gul”, inEtymologiebank, Meertens Institute

Faroese

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Adjective

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gul

inflection ofgulur:
1. feminine nominative singular
2. neuternominative/accusativeplural

Indonesian

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromClassical Persianگُل(gul,“flower, rose”).

Pronunciation

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(Standard Indonesian)IPA^(key): /ˈɡul/[ˈɡʊl]
Rhymes:-ul
Syllabification:gul

Noun

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gul (pluralgul-gul)(archaic, obsolete)

synonym ofbunga(“flower”)
synonym ofmawar(“rose”)

Irish

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ɡulˠ/^[1]

Noun

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gul m

alternative form ofdul(as a verbal noun only)

References

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^Wagner, Heinrich (1959),Gaeilge Theilinn: Foghraidheacht, Gramadach, Téacsanna [The Irish of Teelin: Phonetics, Grammar, Texts] (in Irish), Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath[Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies], section 411, page151; reprinted1979

Khalaj

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Perso-Arabic		گُل

Etymology

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Borrowed fromClassical Persianگل(gul).

Pronunciation

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(Xarrâbî)IPA^(key): [ɡʊl],[ɡo̝l]

Noun

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gul (definite accusativegulı,pluralgullar)

flower

Declension

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Declension ofgul
	singular	plural
nominative	gul	gullar
genitive	gulııñ	gullarııñ
dative	gulqa	gullarqa
definite accusative	gulı	gulları
locative	gulça	gullarça
ablative	gulda	gullarda
instrumental	gulla	gullarla
equative	gulvâra	gullarvâra

References

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Doerfer, Gerhard (1980),Wörterbuch des Chaladsch (Dialekt von Charrab) [Khalaj dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó

Mangas

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ɡùl/

Noun

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gul

bone

References

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Blench, Robert; Bulkaam, Michael (2021) An Introduction to Mantsi, a South Bauchi language of Central Nigeria. University of Cambridge.

Middle English

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Alternative forms

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gull,gulle,gule,goule,goole

Etymology

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Borrowed fromOld Norsegulr, fromProto-Germanic*gulaz.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈɡul(ə)/,/ˈɡoːl(ə)/

Adjective

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gul

(Late Middle English)yellow,pale

Descendants

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⇒ Scots:golgrav

Colors in Middle English ·coloures,hewes(layout ·text)
whit	grey,hor	blak
red;cremesyn,gernet	citrine,aumbre;broun,tawne	yelow,dorry,gul;canevas
grasgrene	grene
plunket;ewage	asure,livid	blew,blo,pers
violet;inde	rose,murrey;purpel,purpur	claret

References

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“gul,adj.”, inMED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan,2007.

North Frisian

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Chemical element
Au	Next:kwaksalwer (Hg)

Alternative forms

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gölj(Mooring)
Gul(Sylt)

Etymology

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FromOld Frisiangold, fromProto-Germanic*gulþą, fromProto-Indo-European*ǵʰl̥tóm(“gold”), fromProto-Indo-European*ǵʰelh₃-(“yellow”).

Noun

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gul n

(Föhr-Amrum)gold

Northern Kurdish

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromClassical Persianگُل(gul).

Noun

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gul f

flower

Derived terms

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Norwegian Bokmål

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Etymology

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FromOld Norsegulr.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ɡʉːɽ/,/ɡʉːl/
(Fredrikstad dialect)IPA^(key): [ɡʉːɽ]
Rhymes:-ʉːɽ

Adjective

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gul (masculine and femininegul,neutergult,definite singular and pluralgule,comparativegulere,indefinite superlativegulest,definite superlativeguleste)

yellow

Derived terms

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References

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“gul” inThe Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology

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FromOld Norsegulr, fromProto-Germanic*gulaz. Ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*ǵʰelh₃-(“green, yellow”).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ɡʉːl/

Adjective

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gul (neutergult,definite singular and pluralgule,comparativegulare,indefinite superlativegulast,definite superlativegulaste)

yellow

Derived terms

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Colors in Norwegian Nynorsk ·fargar(layout ·text)
kvit	grå	svart
raud	oransje;brun	gul
	grøn
(turkis)		blå
	rosa;lilla	rosa

References

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“gul” inThe Nynorsk Dictionary.

Polish

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈɡul/

(Greater Poland):
- (Central Greater Poland)IPA^(key): /ˈɡul/

Audio: (file)
Rhymes:-ul
Syllabification:gul
Homophones:ghul,gól,Gul

Etymology 1

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Onomatopoeic.

Interjection

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gul

sound a turkey makes;gobble
sound of bubbling;gurgle

Etymology 2

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Seeghul.

Noun

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gul m animal

(Islam)alternative spelling ofghul

Declension

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Declension ofgul

	singular	plural
nominative	gul	gule
genitive	gula	gulów
dative	gulowi	gulom
accusative	gula	gule
instrumental	gulem	gulami
locative	gulu	gulach
vocative	gulu	gule

Etymology 3

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Clipping ofgwoli.

Preposition

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gul

(Central Greater Poland, Środa, Pleszew)synonym ofgwoli

Etymology 4

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See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

Noun

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gul f

genitive plural ofgula

Scottish Gaelic

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Noun

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gul m (genitive singularguil)

verbal noun ofguil

Southwestern Dinka

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Noun

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gul

References

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Dinka-English Dictionary‎^[1],2005

Sumerian

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Romanization

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gul

romanization of𒄢(gul)

Swedish

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SwedishWikipedia has an article on:

gul

Wikipedia^sv

**gula**rapsblommor [**yellow** rapeseed flowers]

Etymology

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FromOld Norsegulr, fromProto-Germanic*gulaz, fromProto-Indo-European*ǵʰelh₃-(“green, yellow”).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ɡʉːl/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes:-ʉːl

Adjective

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gul (comparativegulare,superlativegulast)

yellow
- 1980,Docent Död, “Solglasögon [Sunglasses]”, inDocent [Docent[associate professor, roughly]]‎^[2]:
  Bakom mina solglasögon kan jag va' [vara] mig själv. Allting blir så vackert genom ... Genom mina solglasögon är ljuset alltidgult. Allting känns så riktigt bakom ...
  Behind my sunglasses, I can be myself. Everything turns so beautiful through ... Through my sunglasses, the light is alwaysyellow. Everything feels so right behind ...

Declension

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Inflection ofgul
Indefinite	positive	comparative	superlative¹
common singular	gul	gulare	gulast
neuter singular	gult	gulare	gulast
plural	gula	gulare	gulast
masculine plural²	gule	gulare	gulast

Definite	positive	comparative	superlative
masculine singular³	gule	gulare	gulaste
all	gula	gulare	gulaste

¹ The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
² Dated or archaic.
³ Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

Noun

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gul

yellow

Related terms

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gula

Colors in Swedish ·färger(layout ·text)
vit	grå	svart
röd;karmosin,karmosinröd,blodröd	orange (common),brandgul (now uncommon);brun	gul;beige
limegrön	grön	mintgrön
turkos (common),cyan (rare); blågrön,teal	himmelsblå,azur	blå
lila,violett,gredelin (light lavender, now uncommon);indigo	magenta;purpur	rosa (common),skär (uncommon)

References

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Tedim Chin

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Etymology

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FromProto-Kuki-Chin*ruul, fromProto-Sino-Tibetan*s-mrul.

Noun

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gul

snake

References

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Zomi Ordbog based on the work of D.L. Haokip

Turkmen

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Etymology

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Inherited fromProto-Turkic*kul(“slave, servant”). Cognate toTurkishkul(“slave, servant”)

Noun

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gul (definite accusativeguly,pluralgullar)

Declension

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Declension ofgul
	singular	plural
nominative	gul	gullar
accusative	guly	gullary
genitive	guluň	gullaryň
dative	gula	gullara
locative	gulda	gullarda
ablative	guldan	gullardan

Derived terms

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Uzbek

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Etymology

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Inherited fromChagataiگل(gül), fromClassical Persianگُل(gul). CompareUyghurگۈل(gül) /гүл(gül),Turkishgül, etc.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ɡʊl/,[ɡ˖ʏl]
Hyphenation:gul

Noun

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gul (pluralgullar)

flower

Declension

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^{The templateTemplate:uz-decl-noun does not use the parameter(s):1=gul2=gullar
Please seeModule:checkparams for help with this warning.}

Declension ofgul
	singular	plural
nominative	gul	gullar
genitive	gulning	gullarning
dative	gulga	gullarga
definite accusative	gulni	gullarni
locative	gulda	gullarda
ablative	guldan	gullardan
similative	guldek	gullardek

Possessive forms ofgul
1^st person singular
	singular	plural
nominative	gulim	gullarim
genitive	gulimning	gullarimning
dative	gulimga	gullarimga
definite accusative	gulimni	gullarimni
locative	gulimda	gullarimda
ablative	gulimdan	gullarimdan
similative	gulimdek	gullarimdek

2^nd person singular
	singular	plural
nominative	guling	gullaring
genitive	gulingning	gullaringning
dative	gulingga	gullaringga
definite accusative	gulingni	gullaringni
locative	gulingda	gullaringda
ablative	gulingdan	gullaringdan
similative	gulingdek	gullaringdek

3^rd person singular
	singular	plural
nominative	guli	gullari
genitive	gulining	gullarining
dative	guliga	gullariga
definite accusative	gulini	gullarini
locative	gulida	gullarida
ablative	gulidan	gullaridan
similative	gulidek	gullaridek

1^st person plural
	singular	plural
nominative	gulimiz	gullarimiz
genitive	gulimizning	gullarimizning
dative	gulimizga	gullarimizga
definite accusative	gulimizni	gullarimizni
locative	gulimizda	gullarimizda
ablative	gulimizdan	gullarimizdan
similative	gulimizdek	gullarimizdek

2^nd person plural
	singular	plural
nominative	gulingiz	gullaringiz
genitive	gulingizning	gullaringizning
dative	gulingizga	gullaringizga
definite accusative	gulingizni	gullaringizni
locative	gulingizda	gullaringizda
ablative	gulingizdan	gullaringizdan
similative	gulingizdek	gullaringizdek

3^rd person plural
	singular	plural
nominative	guli	gullari
genitive	gulining	gullarining
dative	guliga	gullariga
definite accusative	gulini	gullarini
locative	gulida	gullarida
ablative	gulidan	gullaridan
similative	gulidek	gullaridek