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grunt

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Grunt,grünt,andgruńt

English

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishgrunten, fromOld Englishgrunnettan(“to grunt”), fromProto-West Germanic*grunnattjan, fromProto-Germanic*grunnatjaną(“to grunt”), frequentative ofProto-Germanic*grunnōną(“to grunt”), fromProto-Indo-European*gʰrun-(“to shout”).

Cognate withGermangrunzen(“to grunt”),Danishgrynte(“to grunt”). The noun senses are all instances ofzero derivation from the verb.[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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grunt (pluralgrunts)

  1. A shortsnortingsound, often to showdisapproval, or used as a reply when one is reluctant to speak.
  2. Thesnorting cry of apig.
  3. Anyfish of theperciform familyHaemulidae.
  4. A person who does ordinary and boring work.
    Synonyms:gofer,lackey,peon
  5. (US, militaryslang) Aninfantrysoldier.
    Coordinate term:pogue
    • 1979,Gustav Hasford,The Short-Timers, New York: Bantam Books, published1980,→ISBN,page39:
      The poges stare at thegrunts as though thegrunts were Hell's Angels at the ballet.
    • 1984, Charles Robert Anderson,The Grunts, Berkley Books,→ISBN,page xii:
      The events described are those encountered by only 160 men, though the adversity recounted is representative of that experienced by allgrunts in Vietnam.
    • 1986, James Cameron,Aliens, spoken by Burke (Paul Reiser):
      He can't make that kind of decision. He's just agrunt!
  6. (slang) The amount ofpower of which avehicle is capable.
    • 1992,Autocar & Motor, volume192, page61:
      The engine might not possess quite as muchgrunt as the later 24v six, but it delivers invigorating performance[…]
    • 2006 February,Torque, page56:
      With this muchgrunt, it is surprising that the engine is relatively quiet.
    • 2021 February,The Road Ahead, Brisbane, page55, column 2:
      The lack of bottom-endgrunt presents as a particular problem in hilly terrain where the five-speed manual gearbox really earns its keep.
  7. (Canada,US) A dessert of steamed berries and dough, usually blueberries;blueberry grunt.
    Synonyms:fungy,fungee

Derived terms

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Translations

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short, snorting sound
cry of a pig
fish of the family Haemulidae
a person who does ordinary and boring work
an infantry soldier
(slang) the amount of power of which a vehicle is capable

Verb

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grunt (third-person singular simple presentgrunts,present participlegrunting,simple past and past participlegrunted)

  1. (intransitive, of a person) To make a grunt or grunts.
  2. (intransitive, of a pig) To make a grunt or grunts.
  3. (intransitive, UK, slang) Tobreak wind; tofart.
    Who justgrunted?

Derived terms

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Translations

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of a person: to make a grunt or grunts
of a pig: to make a grunt or grunts

See also

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The frequentative formgruntle.

References

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  1. ^Douglas Harper (2001–2025), “grunt”, inOnline Etymology Dictionary.

Czech

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Etymology

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Inherited fromOld Czechgrunt, fromMiddle High Germangrunt, fromOld High Germangrunt (modernGermanGrund).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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grunt m inan

  1. (dialectal)base,core
    Synonym:základ
    vzít zgruntu ―(please add an English translation of this usage example)
  2. (archaic)farm
    Synonym:statek

Declension

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Declension ofgrunt (hard masculine inanimate)
singularplural
nominativegruntgrunty
genitivegruntugruntů
dativegruntugruntům
accusativegruntgrunty
vocativegruntegrunty
locativegruntě,gruntugruntech
instrumentalgruntemgrunty

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Middle English

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Verb

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grunt

  1. alternative form ofgrunten

Norwegian Bokmål

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Adjective

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grunt

  1. neutersingular ofgrunn

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Adjective

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grunt

  1. neutersingular ofgrunn

Old Dutch

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Etymology

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FromProto-West Germanic*grundu, fromProto-Germanic*grunduz.

Noun

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grunt m

  1. ground

Inflection

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Declension ofgrunt (masculine a-stem noun)
casesingularplural
nominativegruntgrunda
accusativegruntgrunda
genitivegrundesgrundo
dativegrundegrundon

Descendants

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Further reading

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  • “grunt”, inOudnederlands Woordenboek,2012

Old High German

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Etymology

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FromProto-West Germanic*grundu, fromProto-Germanic*grunduz.

Noun

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grunt m

  1. ground
  2. root
  3. hollow

Declension

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Declension ofgrunt (masculine a-stem)
casesingularplural
nominativegruntgruntā,grunta
accusativegruntgruntā,grunta
genitivegruntesgrunto
dativegruntegruntum
instrumentalgruntu—

Derived terms

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Descendants

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References

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  • Köbler, Gerhard, Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch, (6. Auflage) 2014

Old Polish

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromMiddle High Germangrunt, fromOld High Germangrunt. First attested in 1402.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE)/ɡrunt/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE)/ɡrunt/

Noun

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grunt m animacy unattested

  1. ground;field;land
    • 1874 [1402],Monumenta Medii Aevi Historica res gestas Poloniae illustrantia. Pomniki Dziejowe Wieków Średnich do objaśnienia rzeczy polskich służące‎[1], volume XVII, page81:
      Iohannes... conuallem scilicet vlg.grunt dictam... resignauit
      [Iohannes... conuallem scilicet vlg.grunt dictam... resignauit]
  2. (attested in Silesia)core(basis of a given thing, foundation)
    • 1956 [Middle of the 15th century], Jerzy Woronczak, editor,Teksty polskie w rękopisie nr 43 Biblioteki Kapitulnej we Wrocławiu z połowy XV wieku‎[2],Silesia, page56v:
      Dixit Paulus Petro: Pax tecum, fundamentum,grunt, ecclesiarum et pastor ovium
      [Dixit Paulus Petro: Pax tecum, fundamentum,grunt, ecclesiarum et pastor ovium]

Derived terms

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adjectives

Related terms

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adverbs

Descendants

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References

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  • Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “grunt”, inSłownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie,→ISBN
  • Mańczak, Witold (2017), “grunt”, inPolski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności,→ISBN
  • Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “grunt”, inEtymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
  • Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965), “grunt”, inJan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors,Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
  • B. Sieradzka-Baziur,Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “grunt”, inSłownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków:IJP PAN,→ISBN

Polish

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PolishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediapl

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited fromOld Polishgrunt.

Pronunciation

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  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes:-unt
  • Syllabification:grunt

Noun

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grunt m inan (diminutivegruncik,related adjectivegruntowy)

  1. (countable)ground(arable soil or earth)
    Synonyms:gleba,rola,ziemia
  2. (countable)ground(surface of the earth in a specific place)
    Synonym:ziemia
  3. (chiefly in theplural, officialese)ground(area of land that is owned by someone)
    Synonym:teren
  4. (uncountable, masonry)mortar;primer(substance that binds strongly to the substrate, used as a base for painting, plastering and polishing)
    Synonym:zaprawa
  5. (uncountable, literary)base;primer(previously prepared basis for certain actions; essential element of something) [withdla(+genitive)orpod(+accusative)‘for what’]
    Synonym:podstawa
  6. (uncountable, literary)foundation;core(certain ideological, cultural whole, characteristic of a specific country or social environment)
  7. (countable)ground(bottom of a body of water)
  8. (countable, obsolete)foundation(bottom of a construction)
    Synonym:fundament
  9. (countable, obsolete)core(reason or cause for something)
  10. (Middle Polish)world
    Synonym:świat
  11. (Middle Polish)background
    Synonym:tło
  12. (Middle Polish)source;documentation;evidence(document or fact that can be relied upon)
  13. (Middle Polish)certainty,solidness
  14. (Middle Polish)source(place where something arises)
  15. (Middle Polish)etymology;etymon
    Synonym:źródłosłów
  16. (Middle Polish)original version of something
    Synonym:oryginał
  17. (Middle Polish)pattern,symbol
  18. (Middle Polish)prepositional phrase
  19. (Middle Polish)fundament;Further details are uncertain.
    • 1532, Bartłomiej z Bydgoszczy,Słownik łacińsko-polski‎[3], page62:
      Fundamentum,grvnth, początek
      [Fundamentum,grunt, początek]
    • 1564, J. Mączyński,Lexicon‎[4], page400b:
      Solum, Dno/grunt/ ziemiá.
      [Solum, Dno/grunt/ ziemia.]
    • 1564, J. Mączyński,Lexicon‎[5], pages451c, 140b[2 r.]:
      Terrenum, Dno/grunt álbo poległość ziemie.
      [Terrenum, Dno/grunt albo poległość ziemie.]
    • 1588, A. Calepinus,Dictionarium decem linguarum‎[6], pages441a, 990b:
      Fundum ‒Grunt, dno.
      [Fundum ‒Grunt, dno.]

Usage notes

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The nominative and accusative plural formgrunta is dated.

Declension

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Declension ofgrunt
singularplural
nominativegruntgrunty/grunta
genitivegruntugruntów
dativegruntowigruntom
accusativegruntgrunty/grunta
instrumentalgruntemgruntami
locativegrunciegruntach
vocativegrunciegrunty/grunta

Derived terms

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adjectives
interjections
nouns
particles
phrases
verbs

Related terms

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adverbs
nouns

Descendants

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Further reading

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Serbo-Croatian

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromGermanGrund.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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grȕnt m inan (Cyrillic spellingгру̏нт)

  1. (regional)plot of land,lot

Declension

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Declension ofgrunt
singularplural
nominativegrȕntgrùntovi
genitivegruntagruntova
dativegruntugruntovima
accusativegruntgruntove
vocativegruntegruntovi
locativegruntugruntovima
instrumentalgruntomgruntovima

Swedish

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Adjective

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grunt

  1. indefiniteneutersingular ofgrund

Adverb

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grunt

  1. shallowly
    gentemot såväl grundt rationalistiska som känslosamt svärmiska religiösa riktningar.
    towards both shallowly rationalistic and emotionally fanatical religious tendencies.
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