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group

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Group

English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromFrenchgroupe(“cluster, group”), fromItaliangruppo,groppo(“a knot, heap, group, bag (of money)”), fromVulgar Latin*cruppo,Renaissance Latingrupus, fromFrankish*krupp, fromProto-Germanic*kruppaz(“lump, round mass, body, crop”), fromProto-Indo-European*grewb-(“to crumple, bend, crawl”).

In the “group theory” sense,calqued fromFrenchgroupe, a term coined by the young French mathematicianÉvariste Galois in 1830.

Cognate withGermanKropf(“crop, craw, bunch”);Old Englishcropp,croppa(“cluster, bunch, sprout, flower, berry, ear of corn, crop”) (whenceEnglishcrop);Dutchkrop(“craw”),Icelandickroppr(“hump, bunch”).Doublet ofcrop andcroup.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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group (pluralgroups)

  2. Anumber ofthings orpersons being in somerelation toone another.
    • 1918,W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter V, inThe Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.:The Bobbs-Merrill Company,→OCLC:
      Then everybody once more knelt, and soon the blessing was pronounced. The choir and the clergy trooped out slowly,[…], down the nave to the western door.[…] At a seemingly immense distance the surplicedgroup stopped to say the last prayer.
    • 2013 July 19,Peter Wilby, “Finland spreads word on schools”, inThe Guardian Weekly, volume189, number 6, page30:
      Imagine a country where children do nothing but play until they start compulsory schooling at age seven. Then, without exception, they attend comprehensives until the age of 16. Charging school fees is illegal, and so is sorting pupils into abilitygroups by streaming or setting.
    there is agroup of houses behind the hill;  he left town to join a Communistgroup
    Agroup of people is/are gathering in front of the Parliament to demonstrate against the Prime Minister's proposals.
  4. (group theory) Aset with anassociativebinary operation, under which there exists anidentity element, and such that each element has aninverse.
    • 1977, Roger C. Lyndon, Paul E. Schupp,CombinatorialGroup Theory, Springer,page192:
      Throughout this section, we shall assume the existence of finitely presentedgroups with unsolvable word problem.
    • 1992, Svetlana Katok,FuchsianGroups,University of Chicago Press,page112:
      In this chapter we give some examples of Fuchsiangroups. The most interesting and important ones are the so-called "arithmetic" Fuchsiangroups, i.e., discrete subgroups of PSL(2,R) obtained by some "arithmetic" operations. One such construction we have already seen: if we choose all matrices of SL(2,R) with integer coefficients, then the corresponding elements of PSL(2,R) form themodulargroup PSL(2,Z).
    • 2007, Zhong-Qi Ma,Group Theory for Physicists, World Scientific,page 277,
      In Chap. 4 the fundamental concepts on Liegroups have been introduced through the SO(3)group and its coveringgroup SU(2).
  6. (geometry, archaic) Aneffectivedivisor on acurve.
  8. A (usually small) group of people whoperformmusic together.
    Did you see the new jazzgroup?
  10. (astronomy) A small number (up to about fifty) ofgalaxies that are near each other.
  12. (chemistry) A column in theperiodic table of chemical elements.
  14. (chemistry) Afunctional group.
    Nitro is an electron-withdrawinggroup.
  16. (sociology) Asubset of a culture or of a society.
  18. (military) Anair force formation.
  20. (geology) A collection of formations or rockstrata.
  22. (computing) Anumber ofusers with the samerights with respect toaccession,modification, andexecution offiles,computers andperipherals.
  24. An element of anespresso machine from which hot water pours into theportafilter.
  26. (music) A number ofeighth,sixteenth, etc.,notes joined at thestems; sometimes rather indefinitely applied to anyornament made up of a few short notes.
  28. (sports) A set ofteams playing each other in the same division, while not during the same period playing any teams that belong to other sets in the division.
  30. (business) Acommercialorganization.

Synonyms

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Hypernyms

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Hyponyms

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Derived terms

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some unsorted (may also be hyponyms)

Descendants

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Translations

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number of things or persons being in some relation to each other
in group theory
people who perform music together
small number of galaxies
column in the periodic table
functional entity consisting of certain atoms whose presence provides a certain property to a molecule—seefunctional group
subset of a culture or of a society
air force formation
collection of formations or rock strata
in Unix
a set of teams playing against each other in a division, while at the same not playing against other sets of teams of the same division.

References

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Verb

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group (third-person singular simple presentgroups,present participlegrouping,simple past and past participlegrouped)

  1. (transitive) To put together to form a group.
    group the dogs by hair colour
  2. (intransitive) To come together to form a group.
    • 2021 October 1, Calder Katyal, “Schools Need to Undo the Damage of Pods”, inThe Atlantic‎[1]:
      For many people forming pods last year, finding compatible people togroup with was not a cost but a goal.

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Translations

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put together to form a group
come together to form a group

Further reading

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Chinese

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Etymology

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FromEnglishgroup.Doublet of谷.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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group(Hong Kong Cantonese)

  1. group ofpeople orobjects(Classifier:個／个c)
  2. (social media)group

Classifier

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group(Hong Kong Cantonese)

  1. Classifier for groups of people or objects..
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