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great

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:gréâtandgreat-

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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    FromMiddle Englishgreet(great, large), fromOld Englishgrēat(big, thick, coarse, massive), fromProto-West Germanic*graut, fromProto-Germanic*grautaz(big in size, coarse, coarse grained), fromProto-Indo-European*gʰrewd-,*gʰer-(to rub, grind, remove).

    Cognate withScotsgraat,great,greet,greit(coarse in grain or texture, thick, great),North Frisiangrat,grut,gurt(big, great, large),Saterland Frisiangroot(big, large),West Frisiangrut(large, great),Dutchgroot(large, stour),Germangross,groß(large),Luxembourgishgrouss(big, great, large),Old Englishgrēot(earth, sand, grit). Related togrit.Doublet ofgross.

    The modern pronunciation shows an irregular change of Early Modern English/ɛː/ to/eɪ/ in the standard language; contrast this with the development of other words such asbeat andheat.

    Pronunciation

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    (obsolete)
    • (18th century)enPR:grīt,IPA(key): /ɡɹiːt/[2]
    • (Early Modern English; 16th–17th centuries)IPA(key): /ɡɹɛːt/,[3]/ɡɹɛt/[3]

    Adjective

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    great (comparativegreater,superlativegreatest)

    1. Taking muchspace;large.
      • 1921,Ben Travers, chapter 1, inA Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.:Doubleday, Page & Company, published1925,→OCLC:
        [] the awfully hearty sort of Christmas cards that people do send to other people that they don't know at all well. You know. The kind that have mottoes like // Here's rattling good luck and roaring good cheer, / With lashings of food andgreat hogsheads of beer. []
      • 1963,Margery Allingham, chapter 7, inThe China Governess: A Mystery, London:Chatto & Windus,→OCLC:
        ‘Children crawled over each other like little grey worms in the gutters,’ he said. ‘The only red things about them were their buttocks and they were raw. Their faces looked as if snails had slimed on them and their mothers were likegreat sick beasts whose byres had never been cleared. []
      • 2013 July 19,Timothy Garton Ash, “Where Dr Pangloss meets Machiavelli”, inThe Guardian Weekly, volume189, number 6, page18:
        Hidden behind thickets of acronyms and gorse bushes of detail, a newgreat game is under way across the globe. Some call it geoeconomics, but it's geopolitics too. The current power play consists of an extraordinary range of countries simultaneously sitting down to negotiate big free trade and investment agreements.
      1. (of an abstract noun)Much, more than usual.
        great worry
        • 1910,Emerson Hough, chapter I, inThe Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.:The Bobbs-Merrill Company,→OCLC:
          “We are engaged in agreat work, a treatise on our river fortifications, perhaps? But since when did army officers afford the luxury of amanuenses in this simple republic?”
        • 1951 March, John W. Cline, “The Future of Medicine”, inNorthwest Medicine, volume50, number 3, Portland, Ore.: Northwest Medical Publishing Association,page165:
          The first half of this century has been referred to as the golden age of medicine. To me it seems more probable that we are on the threshold of a muchgreater age.
      2. (informal, British)Intensifying a word or expression, used in mildoaths.
        a dirtygreat smack in the face
        Great Scott!
    2. (informal) Verygood;excellent;wonderful;fantastic.[from 1848]
      Dinner wasgreat.
      • 1918,W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter V, inThe Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.:The Bobbs-Merrill Company,→OCLC:
        He was thinking; but the glory of the song, the swell from thegreat organ, the clustered lights, [], the height and vastness of this noble fane, its antiquity and its strength—all these things seemed to have their part as causes of the thrilling emotion that accompanied his thoughts.
    3. Important,consequential.
      agreat dilemma
      agreat decision
      • 1611,The Holy Bible, [] (King James Version), London: [] Robert Barker, [],→OCLC,Daniel2:48:
        So the King made Daniel agreat man […]
      • 1712 (date written),[Joseph] Addison,Cato, a Tragedy. [], London: [] J[acob] Tonson, [], published1713,→OCLC, Act I, scene i,page 1:
        The Dawn is over-caſt, the Morning low’rs,
        And heavily in Clouds brings on the Day,
        Thegreat, th’ important Day; big with the Fate
        OfCato and ofRome.
      • 2008, George McCandless,The ABCs of RBCs, Harvard University Press, page 2:
        The methods for finding parameters that are commonly used in RBC models include using coefficients that come from microeconomic studies for parameters like the time discount factor, rental income over total income for the parameters of a Cobb-Douglas production function, and adjusting parameters so that stationary state value values approach those of thegreat ratios such as consumption over income and capital over income.
      • 2025 September 30, John H. Cochrane, “Brunner lecture”, inThe Grumpy Economist:
        I’ll cover fiscal theory and the recent inflation (again!) of course, but also more recent thoughts on thegreat puzzle of monetary economics, how central banks can lower inflation by raising nominal interest rates.
    4. (qualifying nouns of family relationship) Involvingmore generations than the qualified word implies — as many extra generations as repetitions of the wordgreat (from 1510s). [see Derived terms]
      great-grandfather,great-great-grandfather,great-great-great-grandfather
    5. (obsolete, postpositive, followed by 'with')Pregnant; large withyoung;full of.
      great with child
      great with hope
    6. (obsolete, except with 'friend' and similar words such as 'mate', 'buddy')Intimate;familiar.
    7. (applied to actions, thoughts and feelings) Arising from or possessingidealism;admirable;commanding;illustrious;eminent.
      agreat deed
      agreat nature
      agreat history
    8. Impressive orstriking.
      agreat show of wealth
    9. Much inuse;favoured.
      Poetry was agreat convention of the Romantic era.
    10. (applied to persons) Ofmuch talent or achievements.
      agreat hero, scholar, genius, philosopher, writer, etc.
    11. Doing orexemplifying (acharacteristic orpursuit) on a large scale;active orenthusiastic.
      What agreat buffoon!
      He’s not agreat one for reading.
      agreat walker

    Usage notes

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    • Moderating adverbs such asfairly,somewhat, etc. tend not to be used withgreat. Some intensifiers can be used with some senses ofgreat; for example,a very great amount,a very great man,the party was really great, though not*the party was very great.

    Synonyms

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    Antonyms

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    • (antonym(s) ofvery big, large scale):tiny
    • (antonym(s) ofuncommonly gifted):mediocre,ordinary

    Derived terms

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    Place names including "Great"

    Descendants

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    Translations

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    very big, large scale
    very good
    family relationship
    uncommonly gifted
    importantseeimportant
    important title
    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
    Translations to be checked

    Interjection

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    great

    1. Expression ofgladness and content about something.
      Great! Thanks for the wonderful work.
    2. Asarcasticinversion thereof.
      Oh,great! I just dumped all 500 sheets of the manuscript all over and now I have to put them back in order.

    Translations

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    great!

    Noun

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    great (pluralgreats)

    1. A person of majorsignificance,accomplishment oracclaim.
      Newton and Einstein are two of thegreats of the history of science.
      • 2019 May 1, Daniel Taylor,The Guardian[3]:
        Sadio Mané wasted a glorious chance in the first half and, late on, Mohamed Salah turned his shot against a post after a goal-line clearance had spun his way. That, in a nutshell, perhaps sums up the difference between Messi and the players on the next rung below – the ones who can be described as great footballers without necessarily being footballgreats.
    2. (music) The maindivision in apipe organ, usually the loudest division.
    3. (in combinations such as "two-greats", "three-greats" etc.) An instance of the word "great" signifying an additional generation in phrases expressing family relationships.
      My three-greats grandmother.

    Antonyms

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    • (antonym(s) ofperson of major significance, accomplishment or acclaim):mediocre

    Translations

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    person of major significance, accomplishment or acclaim

    Adverb

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    great (notcomparable)

    1. (informal)Verywell(in a verysatisfactory manner).
      Those mechanical colored pencils workgreat because they don’t have to be sharpened.

    Translations

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    very well

    References

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    1. ^McDavid, Raven Ioor Jr. (1966), “59. Review of Thomas 1958 and Bronstein 1960:An Introduction to the Phonetics of American English, 2nd Edition,The Pronunciation of American English: An Introduction to Phonetics”, in William A. Kretzschmar, Jr., editor,Dialects in culture: essays in general dialectology[1],University, Alabama:The University of Alabama Press, published1979,→ISBN,→OCLC,page382.
    2. ^Jespersen, Otto (1909),A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles (Sammlung germanischer Elementar- und Handbücher; 9)‎[2], volume I: Sounds and Spellings,London:George Allen & Unwin, published1961,§ 11.75,page339.
    3. 3.03.1David Crystal,The Oxford Dictionary of Original Shakespearean Pronunciation, 2016

    Anagrams

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    Old English

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    Etymology

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      FromProto-West Germanic*graut, fromProto-Germanic*grautaz(big in size, coarse, coarse grained), from*gʰer-(to rub, grind, remove).

      Cognate withOld Saxongrōt(large, thick, coarse, stour),Old High Germangrōz(large, thick, coarse),Old Englishgrot(particle). More atgroat.

      Pronunciation

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      Adjective

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      grēat (comparativegrīetra,superlativegrīetest)

      1. great,massive
      2. tall
      3. thick;stout
      4. coarse

      Declension

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      Declension ofgrēat — Strong
      SingularMasculineFeminineNeuter
      Nominativegrēatgrēatgrēat
      Accusativegrēatnegrēategrēat
      Genitivegrēatesgrēatregrēates
      Dativegrēatumgrēatregrēatum
      Instrumentalgrēategrēatregrēate
      PluralMasculineFeminineNeuter
      Nominativegrēategrēata,grēategrēat
      Accusativegrēategrēata,grēategrēat
      Genitivegrēatragrēatragrēatra
      Dativegrēatumgrēatumgrēatum
      Instrumentalgrēatumgrēatumgrēatum
      Declension ofgrēat — Weak
      SingularMasculineFeminineNeuter
      Nominativegrēatagrēategrēate
      Accusativegrēatangrēatangrēate
      Genitivegrēatangrēatangrēatan
      Dativegrēatangrēatangrēatan
      Instrumentalgrēatangrēatangrēatan
      PluralMasculineFeminineNeuter
      Nominativegrēatangrēatangrēatan
      Accusativegrēatangrēatangrēatan
      Genitivegrēatra,grēatenagrēatra,grēatenagrēatra,grēatena
      Dativegrēatumgrēatumgrēatum
      Instrumentalgrēatumgrēatumgrēatum

      Derived terms

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      Descendants

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      Scots

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      Alternative forms

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      Etymology

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      FromMiddle Englishgrete, fromOld Englishgrēat, fromProto-West Germanic*graut, fromProto-Germanic*grautaz.

      Pronunciation

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      Adjective

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      great (comparativegreater,superlativegreatest)

      1. great
      2. coarse(in grain or texture)
      3. thick,bulky,roomy(of things)
      4. big,stout(of people)
      5. swollen with rain, inflood(of a river)
      6. high,stormy(of the sea)
      7. intimate,friendly

      References

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