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gloss

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:gloss-andgloss.

English

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Pronunciation

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(Received Pronunciation)IPA^(key): /ɡlɒs/
(General American)IPA^(key): /ɡlɔs/
(cot–caught merger)IPA^(key): /ɡlɑs/
Audio(US): (file)
Rhymes:-ɒs,-ɔːs

Etymology 1

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Probably from aNorth Germanic language, compareIcelandicglossi(“spark, flame”),glossa(“to flame”); or perhaps from dialectalDutchgloos(“a glow, flare”), related toWest Frisiangloeze(“a glow”),Middle Low Germanglȫsen(“to smoulder, glow”),Germanglosen(“to smoulder”); ultimately fromProto-Germanic*glus-(“to glow, shine”), fromProto-Indo-European*ǵʰel-(“to flourish; be green or yellow”). More atglow.

Noun

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gloss (usuallyuncountable,pluralglosses)

Asurface shine orluster.
Synonyms:brilliance,gleam,luster,sheen,shine
(figuratively) Asuperficially ordeceptivelyattractiveappearance.
Synonyms:façade,front,veneer.
- 1770,[Oliver] Goldsmith,The Deserted Village, a Poem, London: […] W[illiam] Griffin, […],→OCLC:
  To me more dear, congenial to my heart, / One native charm than all thegloss of art.
- 2013 September 7, Daniel Taylor, “Danny Welbeck leads England's rout of Moldova but hit by Ukraine ban”, inThe Guardian‎^[1]:
  Hodgson may now have to bring inJames Milner on the left and, on that basis, a certain amount ofgloss was taken off a night on whichWelbeck scored twice but barely celebrated either before leaving the pitch angrily complaining to the Slovakian referee.

surface shine

Bulgarian:блясък (bg) m(bljasǎk),лъскавина (bg) f(lǎskavina)
Czech:lesk (cs) m
Finnish:kiilto (fi)
French:brillant (fr) m
German:Glanz (de) m,Schimmer (de) m,Glitzern n
Hungarian:máz (hu)
Portuguese:lustre (pt),lustro (pt),brilho (pt)
Russian:блеск (ru) m(blesk),гля́нец (ru) m(gljánec)
Scottish Gaelic:lìomh f
Spanish:brillo (es),lustre (es)
Turkish:parlaklık (tr)

superficially or deceptively attractive appearance

Bulgarian:външен блясък m(vǎnšen bljasǎk)
Czech:pozlátko (cs) n,lesk (cs) m
Finnish:pintakiilto
German:Fassade (de) f,Schönfärberei (de) f,Politur (de) f,Retusche (de) f,Blendfassade f,Schaufassade f
Hungarian:máz (hu),látszat (hu),kirakat (hu),külszín (hu)
Russian:блеск (ru)(blesk),лоск (ru) m(losk)
Turkish:gösteriş (tr)

Verb

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gloss (third-person singular simple presentglosses,present participleglossing,simple past and past participleglossed)

(transitive) To give a gloss orsheen to.
Synonyms:polish,shine
(transitive) To make (something) attractive bydeception
- 1722,Ambrose Philips,The Briton:
  You have the art togloss the foulest cause.
(intransitive) To becomeshiny.
(transitive, idiomatic)Used in a phrasal verb:gloss over(“to cover up a mistake or crime, to treat something with less care than it deserves”).

Derived terms

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Translations

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give a gloss or sheen to

Bulgarian:лъскам (bg)(lǎskam)
Finnish:kiillottaa (fi)
German:polieren (de),glanzpolieren
Ido:glacar (io)
Russian:наводи́ть гля́нец(navodítʹ gljánec)
Scottish Gaelic:lìomh

make (something) attractive by deception

German:schönfärben (de),verbrämen (de),beschönigen (de),vertuschen (de),bemänteln (de),überspielen (de),retuschieren (de),unter den Teppich kehren (de),schönreden (de)
Ottoman Turkish:یالدزلامق(yaldızlamak)
Russian:наводи́ть лоск(navodítʹ losk)

become shiny

Portuguese:brilhar (pt)
Russian:лосни́ться (ru)(losnítʹsja)

Etymology 2

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FromMiddle Englishglosse,glose, fromLate Latinglōssa(“obsolete or foreign word requiring explanation”), fromAncient Greekγλῶσσα(glôssa,“language”).Doublet ofglossa.

Noun

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gloss (pluralglosses)

(countable) A briefexplanatory note ortranslation of aforeign,archaic,technical, difficult, complex, or uncommonexpression, inserted after the original, in themargin of a document, or between lines of atext.
Synonyms:gloze,annotation
Hypernyms:explanation,note,marginalia
- 1684,Samuel Butler,Hudibras:
  All this, without agloss or comment, / He would unriddle in a moment.
- 2021, Mary Wellesley,The Gilded Page: The Secret Lives of Medieval Manuscripts, page 9:
  He was a prolific annotator - writing around fifty thousandglosses in as many as twenty manuscripts.
(countable)Synonym ofglossary, acollection of such notes.
(countable, obsolete) An expression requiring such explanatory treatment.
(countable) Anextensive commentary on some text.
Synonyms:commentary,discourse,discussion
(countable, law, US) An interpretation by a court of a specific point within astatute orcase law.
- 1979, American Bar Foundation.,Annotated code of professional responsibility,page ix:
  This volume is thus not a narrowly defined treatment of the Code of Professional Responsibility but rather represents a "common law"gloss on it.
- 2007, Bruce R. Hopkins.,The law of tax-exempt organizations.,page76:
  JudicialGloss on Test [section title]
(lexicography) Adefinition or explanation of aword sense.
- 2007, Martin Rajman,Speech and Language Engineering, pages 244 text=For instance the concept {cat, true cat} has the followinggloss: / "feline mammal usually having thick soft fur and being unable to roar".:
- 2011, Gabriele Stein, “The linking of lemma to gloss in Elyot'sDictionary (1538)”, in Olga Timoleeva, Tanja Saily, editor,Words in Dictionaries and History: Essays in Honour of R. W. McConchie:
  Dictionary entries comprise two essential parts, the headword ('lemma') and the author's explanation ('gloss').
- 2019, Jonathan Kline,A Proverb a Day in Biblical Hebrew, page xi:
  Therefore, for many of the Hebrew words in this book, I have provided more than one gloss (using a slash to separate alternatives, or double slashes when a single slash would be ambiguous), in order to give you a sense of the possible meanings of nuances[…].