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gli

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:gli-

Alemannic German

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IPA^(key): /ɡ̊li/

Adverb

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gli

soon
Synonym:bald

Italian

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): (when in isolation or before a consonant)^*/ʎi/,(before a vowel)^*/ʎ/
Hyphenation:gli

Etymology 1

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FromLatinillī (nominative masculine plural ofille). Cognate withSicilianli~i.

Alternative forms

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li(archaic outside of dialects),gl'(apocopated)

Article

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gli m pl (singularlo)

form of the articlei(“the”) used before a vowel,impure s, gn, pn, ps, sc, x, y, and z, and also with the plural noundei(“gods”);the
gli alberi ―the trees
gli studenti ―the students
gli gnomi ―the gnomes
gli pneumatici ―the tires
gli sciami ―the swarms
gli xilofoni ―the xylophones
gli yogurt ―the yogurts
gli zaini ―the backpacks
gli dei ―the gods

Inflection

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Italian definite articles
	singular	plural
masculine	il lo (l')	i gli
feminine	la (l')	le

Etymology 2

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FromLatinillī (dative masculine singular ofille). Cognate withSicilianci.

Alternative forms

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li(archaic),je(dialectal, Rome and central Italy),gl'(apocopated)

Pronoun

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gli m (pluralgli)

(dative)him, to him;it; to it
Gli parlo. ―I talkto him.

Usage notes

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Becomesglie- when followed by a non-reflexive third-person accusative or genitive clitic pronoun (lo,la,li,le, orne).

Etymology 3

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FromLatinillī (dative feminine singular ofille). Cognate withSicilianci.

Alternative forms

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je(dialectal, Rome and central Italy)

Pronoun

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gli f (pluralgli)

(dative, nonstandard)her, toher
- ca. 1349-1353,Giovanni Boccaccio,The Decameron, Tommaso Edlin (1725), page98:
  […] ne prima altro fece, che ella s’ingegnò di veder Beltramo, & appreſſo nel coſpetto del Re venuta di gratia chieſe, che la ſua infermitagli moſtraſſe.
  Before aught else she studied to see Bertrand and next, presenting herself before the king, she prayed him of his favour/favor to show her his ailment.
Synonym:le
Ho detto a Gianna chegli telefonerò domani.
I told Gianna I'd callher tomorrow.

Usage notes

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Becomesglie- when followed by a third-person direct-object clitic pronoun (lo,la,li,le, orne).
Although historically attested and etymologically justifiable (fromillī f sg), this form is nonetheless, to this day, considered incorrect and is therefore only acceptable in an informal, colloquial context and register.[1]

Etymology 4

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FromLatinillīs (dative plural ofille). Cognate withSicilianci.

Alternative forms

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li(archaic),je(dialectal, Rome and central Italy),gl'(apocopated)

Pronoun

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gli m pl or f pl

(dative)them, to them
Gli parlerò. ―I'll talkto them.
- For quotations using this term, seeCitations:gli.

Usage notes

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Becomesglie when followed by a third-person direct-object clitic pronoun (lo,la,li,le, orne).

Derived terms

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Italian personal pronouns
		first	second	secondformal /polite⁵	third		first	second	secondformal /polite⁵	third
		singular					plural
		first	second	m or f	m	f	first	second	m or f	m	f
nominative		io	tu	Lei,Ella⁸	lui,egli⁸,ello⁸,elli^{3, 8},esso⁸	lei,ella⁸,essa⁸	noi	voi,Voi⁷	Loro	loro
elli^{3, 8},ellino^{4, 8},eglino^{4, 8},essi⁸	elle^{3, 8},elleno^{4, 8},esse⁸	io	tu	Lei,Ella⁸	lui,egli⁸,ello⁸,elli^{3, 8},esso⁸	lei,ella⁸,essa⁸	noi	voi,Voi⁷	Loro
atonic (clitic)¹¹	accusative /dative-reflexive	mi,m',-mi,me⁹	ti,t',-ti,te⁹	―	si⁶,s',-si,se⁹		ci,c',-ci,ce⁹	vi,Vi⁷,v',V'⁷,-vi,-Vi⁷,ve⁹	―	si,s',-si,se⁹
	accusative			La,-La,L'	lo,l',-lo,il⁴	la,l',-la			Le,-Le	li,-li	le,-le
	dative			Le,-Le	glie⁹				Loro¹⁰	loro¹⁰,gli²,-gli²,glie⁹
	dative			Le,-Le	gli,-gli	le,-le,gli²,-gli²			Loro¹⁰
	locative	―			ci,c', vi¹,v'¹		―			ci,c', vi¹,v'¹
	partitive	ne,n'		ne,n'
tonic¹²	prepositional-reflexive	―			sé		―			sé
	oblique	me	te	Lei	lui,esso⁸	lei,essa⁸	noi	voi,Voi⁷	Loro	loro,
	oblique	me	te	Lei	lui,esso⁸	lei,essa⁸	noi	voi,Voi⁷	Loro	essi⁸	elle⁸,esse⁸
¹	Formal.
²	Informal.
³	Archaic.
⁴	Obsolete.
⁵	Grammatically third person forms used semantically in the second person as a formal or polite way of addressing someone (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead.
⁶	Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive.
⁷	Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with Frenchvous).
⁸	Traditional grammars still indicate the formsegli (animate),ello /ella (animate),esso /essa and their plurals as the nominative forms of the third person pronouns; outside of very formal or archaizing contexts, all such forms have been replaced by the obliqueslui,lei,loro.
⁹	Forms used when followed by a third-person direct object proclitic (lo,la,li,le, orne).
¹⁰	Used after verbs.
¹¹	Unstressed forms, stand alone forms are found proclitically (except dativeloro /Loro), others enclitically (-mi,-ti, etc.).
¹²	Disjunctive, emphatic oblique forms used as direct objects placed after verbs, in exclamations, along prepositions (prepositional) and some adverbs (come,quanto, etc.); also used witha to create alternative emphatic dative forms.

References

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^gli o le? in Treccani.it –La grammatica italiana (2012), Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Alternative forms

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glida,glide(long forms)

Etymology

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FromMiddle Low Germangliden, fromProto-Germanic*glīdaną.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ɡliː/
Homophone:glid

Verb

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gli (present tenseglir,past tenseglei,supineglidd/glidtorglide,past participlegliddorgliden,present participleglidande,imperativegli)

toslip (to lose one's traction on a slippery surface)
Hanglei på isen.
Heslipped on the ice.
toglide (to move effortlessly)
Skiaglir godt.
The skisglide well.