Inherited fromLatiniam(“already, now”).
già
- already,yet
- Synonyms:ormai,fin d'ora
- asearly as
- former,ex-
- Synonym:ex-
Via Montello (già Trento)- Montello Street (formerly known as Trento Street)
Mario Rossi,già ministro delle Finanze- Mario Rossi,former Minister of Finance
- (informal)yes,yeah
- anexpletive, a word that adds to the strength of a phrase without affecting its meaning and is usually left untranslated
Non credo iogià, che ve ne avrete a male.- I do not think you will take offense.
- già in Treccani.it –Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
FromProto-Vietic*k-raː, fromProto-Mon-Khmer*kraʔ ~*(k)rah.
Attested in theDictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651), a dictionary based chiefly on the Northern dialects.
The Middle Vietnamese form ancestral to the modern Southern Vietnamese form, although technically unattested, should be phonologically identical to the Northern Middle Vietnamese form here. The modern Southern form is listed as a "descendant" in this entry for convenience.
The modern North Central formtra is not a reflex of this form, but from an earlier from that underwent a separate development of the onset.
già (𦓅,𫅷)
- (living being)old
- ou᷃già ―old man
- bàgià ―old woman
- thân ou᷃già bàgià ―dear old man and woman
- già cả ―very old
- già nua ―very old
- rủ rỉgià cả ―old and decrepit
- già lẩn ―senile
- già móm ―old and toothless
Cànggià càng khôn.- Wisdom increases with age.
- đếngià ―to reach old age, to approach old age
- overripe,mature
- bláigià ―overripe fruit
- tlegià ―mature bamboo
- ngàgià ―mature ivory
- bạcgià ―old silver
- Northern Vietnamese:già
- Southern Vietnamese:già
- Alexandre de Rhodes (1651), “già”, inDictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (in Middle Vietnamese, Latin, and Portuguese), Rome:Propaganda Fide
- Alexandre de Rhodes (1651), “càng”, inDictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (in Middle Vietnamese, Latin, and Portuguese), Rome:Propaganda Fide
- Alexandre de Rhodes (1651), “đến”, inDictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (in Middle Vietnamese, Latin, and Portuguese), Rome:Propaganda Fide
- Alexandre de Rhodes (1651), “lẩn”, inDictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (in Middle Vietnamese, Latin, and Portuguese), Rome:Propaganda Fide
- Alexandre de Rhodes (1651), “móm”, inDictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (in Middle Vietnamese, Latin, and Portuguese), Rome:Propaganda Fide
- (North Central Vietnam)tra
FromProto-Vietic*k-raː, fromProto-Mon-Khmer*kraʔ ~*(k)rah. Cognate withMuongkhà,Tho [Cuối Chăm]kʰraː¹,Bahnarkră.
Attested as NorthernMiddle Vietnamesegià in theDictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651), a dictionary based chiefly on the Northern dialects. The modern North Central form descended from an unattested Middle Vietnamese form, which derived from an unattested non-Northern Old Vietnamese form.
The standard written Vietnamese form is irregular (the expected form would be**sa), while the North Central form shows the shift from*k-r to*k-l observable in several other instances: comparesâu andtrâu(“caterpillar”),sừng andtrừng(“horn”). Seegiòi(“maggot”),giữa(“middle”) for other instances of mainstream Vietnamese ‹gi› from initial*k-r.
già• (𦓅,𫅷)
- (of lifeforms)old; comparecũ(of objects)
- nhường bước ngườigià ―to make way for the elderly
- gàgià thịt dai ―old chickens have leathery meat
- câygià ―old tree
- having the characteristics of appearances of an old person although not that old
- mặtgià ―an old face (ie. with wrinkles)
- tìm một chị tiếnggià để đóng vai bà lão ―to search for a woman with an old voice to voice the role of an old woman (ie. someone whose voice sounds like an old person)
- lo nghĩ nhiều nêngià trước tuổi ―to worry too much and thus age too soon
- veteran,experienced,longtime
- thầygià ―veteran teacher
- Cậu ta là bạngià của mình. ―He is my old friend.
Chưa đến bốn mươi nhưng đãgià tuổi Đảng.- Not even 40 years old but already a Party veteran.
- overripe
- caugià ―overripe areca nut
- bầugià ―overripe gourd
- above average, more than normal
- nước nónggià ―too-warm water
- dọagià dọa non ―toscare someone and make themgive in
- nước ô-xigià ―hydrogen peroxide
- slightlyexcessive,over
- già một thước ―over by one meter
- lấygià một đấu ―scoop just over one dou
già
- (literary or dialectal)Used to indicate one's contact with avillage ortribeelder or theelderly
Cám ơn già.- Thank you, elder.
- (now rare)Used torefer to theelder sister of one'smother
- Synonym:bá
già
- (familiar)elder, oldperson
- (card games)king
