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gain

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Gain,gain-,and'gain

English

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishgayn,gain,gein(“profit, advantage”), fromOld Norsegagn(“benefit, advantage, use”), fromProto-Germanic*gagną,*gaganą(“gain, profit", literally "return”), fromProto-Germanic*gagana(“back, against, in return”), a reduplication ofProto-Germanic*ga-(“with, together”), fromProto-Indo-European*ḱóm(“next to, at, with, along”).

Cognate withIcelandicgagn(“gain, advantage, use”),Swedishgagn(“benefit, profit”),Danishgavn(“gain, profit, success”),Gothic𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌴𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽(gageigan,“to gain, profit”),Old Norsegegn(“ready”), dialectalSwedishgen(“useful, noteful”),Latincum(“with”); seegain-,again,against. Compare alsoMiddle Englishgaynen,geinen(“to be of use, profit, avail”),Icelandic andSwedishgagna(“to avail, help”),Danishgavne(“to benefit”).

The Middle English word was reinforced byMiddle Frenchgain(“gain, profit, advancement, cultivation”), fromOld Frenchgaaing,gaaigne,gaigne, a noun derivative ofgaaignier,gaigner(“to till, earn, win”), fromFrankish*waiþanōn(“to pasture, graze, hunt for food”), ultimately fromProto-Germanic*waiþiz,*waiþō,*waiþijō(“pasture, field, hunting ground”); compareOld High Germanweidōn,weidanōn(“to hunt, forage for food”) (ModernGermanWeide(“pasture”)),Old Norseveiða(“to catch, hunt”),Old Englishwǣþan(“to hunt, chase, pursue”). Related towide.

Verb

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gain (third-person singular simple presentgains,present participlegaining,simple past and past participlegained)

  1. (transitive) To acquirepossession of.
    Looks like you’vegained a new friend.
  2. (intransitive) To have or receive advantage or profit; to acquire gain; to grow rich; to advance in interest, health, or happiness; to make progress.
    The sick mangains daily.
  3. (transitive, dated) To come off winner or victor in; to be successful in; to obtain by competition.
    togain a battle; togain a case at law
  4. (transitive) Toincrease.
  5. (intransitive, often withon) To grow more likely to catch or overtake someone.
    I’mgaining (on you).
  6. (transitive) Toreach.
    togain the top of a mountain
  7. To draw into any interest or party; to win to one’s side; to conciliate.
  8. (intransitive) Toput on weight.
    I’ve beengaining.
    • 2020, Riley Willman, “Ana”, inRapids Review (Anoka Ramsey Community College):
      Thinspo, bonespo, meanspo, sweetspo, anything that could motivate me not to eat, not to consume, not togain, not to fail.
  10. (of a clock or watch) To runfast.
Conjugation
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Conjugation ofgain
infinitive(to)gain
present tensepast tense
1st-personsingulargaingained,gain'd†
2nd-personsingulargain,gainest†gained,gainedst†,gain'd†
3rd-personsingulargains,gaineth†gained,gain'd†
pluralgain
subjunctivegaingained,gain'd†
imperativegain—
participlesgaininggained,gain'd†
Derived terms
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Translations
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acquire
be more likely to catch
reach
put on weight

Noun

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gain (countable anduncountable,pluralgains)

  1. The act of gaining;acquisition.
    • c.1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe],Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published1592,→OCLC; reprinted asTamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press,1973,→ISBN,Act II, scene ii:
      All running headlong after greedie ſpoiles:
      And more regardinggaine than victorie:
    • 1855,Alfred Tennyson,Maude:
      the lust ofgain, in the spirit of Cain
    • 2023 June 25, Charles Hugh Smith,The Corruption of POTUS, SCOTUS and SCROTUS‎[1]:
      When power is sought primarily for privategain, the social fabric decays and unravels.
  2. The thing or things gained.
  3. (electronics) The factor by which asignal is multiplied.
    • 1987, John Borwick,Sound recording practice, page238:
      There follows the high and low-frequency replay equalization, which normally involves two adjustments with a further control allowing the replaygain to be set.
Antonyms
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Derived terms
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Translations
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act of gaining
what one gains (profit)
factor by which signal is multiplied
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Etymology 2

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From dialectal Englishgen,gin, short foragain,agen(“against”); alsoMiddle Englishgain,gayn,gein,ȝæn(“against”), fromOld Englishgēan,geġn(“against”). More atagainst.

Preposition

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gain

  1. (obsolete)Against.
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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FromMiddle Englishgayn,gein,geyn(“straight, direct, short, fit, good”), fromOld Norsegegn(“straight, direct, short, ready, serviceable, kindly”), fromgegn(“opposite, against”,adverb) (whencegagna(“to go against, meet, suit, be meet”)); see below atgain. Adverb fromMiddle Englishgayn,gayne(“fitly, quickly”), from the adjective.

Adjective

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gain (comparativemoregain,superlativemostgain)

  1. (obsolete or dialectal)Straight,direct;near;short.
    thegainest way
    • 1485 July,Sir Thomas Malory, chapterXX, inWilliam Caxton, editor,Le Morte D’Arthur‎[2], volume 1:
      [...] many times his horse and he plunged over the head in deep mires, for he knew not the way, but took thegainest way in that woodness, that many times he was like to perish.
  2. (obsolete or dialectal)Suitable;convenient;ready.
  3. (dialectal)Easy;tolerable;handy,dexterous.
  4. (dialectal)Honest;respectable;moderate;cheap.
Derived terms
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Translations
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straight, direct

Adverb

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gain (comparativemoregain,superlativemostgain)

  1. (obsolete or dialectal)Straightly;quickly; by the nearest way or means.
  2. (dialectal)Suitably;conveniently;dexterously;moderately.
  3. (dialectal)Tolerably;fairly.
    gain quiet ―fairly/pretty quiet

Etymology 4

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CompareWelshgan(“a mortise”).

Noun

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gain (pluralgains)

  1. (architecture) Asquare orbevellednotch cut out of agirder,bindingjoist, or othertimber whichsupports afloorbeam, so as to receive the end of the floor beam.

Anagrams

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Basque

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Etymology

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FromProto-Basque*gaiN, further etymology unknown.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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gain inan

  1. upperpart,top
    Synonym:gainalde
  2. summit
    Synonym:tontor
  3. cream(butterfat part of milk which rises to the top)
    Synonyms:esne-gain,goien
  4. (figurative)cream(the best part of something)

Declension

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Declension ofgain(inanimate, ending in consonant)
indefinitesingularplural
absolutivegaingainagainak
ergativegainekgainakgainek
dativegainigainarigainei
genitivegainengainarengainen
comitativegainekingainarekingainekin
causativegainengatikgainarengatikgainengatik
benefactivegainentzatgainarentzatgainentzat
instrumentalgainezgainazgainez
inessivegainetangaineangainetan
locativegainetakogainekogainetako
allativegainetaragaineragainetara
terminativegainetarainogainerainogainetaraino
directivegainetarantzgainerantzgainetarantz
destinativegainetarakogainerakogainetarako
ablativegainetatikgainetikgainetatik
partitivegainik——
prolativegaintzat——

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • “gain”, inEuskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy] (in Basque),Euskaltzaindia [Royal Academy of the Basque Language]
  • “gain”, inOrotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary],Euskaltzaindia,1987–2005

French

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Etymology

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Inherited fromMiddle Frenchgain, fromOld Frenchgaaing, deverbal from the verbgaaignier(“to earn, gain, seize, conquer by force”) (whence ModernFrenchgagner).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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gain m (pluralgains)

  1. again (of something), an instance ofsaving (something); anincrease (in something)
    Antonym:perte
    ungain de temps ―an increase in time
    ungain de productivité ―an increase in productivity
  2. (usually in theplural)winnings,earnings,takings
  3. (finance)gain,yield

Derived terms

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See also

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Further reading

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Louisiana Creole

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Etymology

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FromFrenchgagner(“to gain”), compareHaitian Creolegen.

Verb

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gain

  1. tohave

Middle English

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Etymology 1

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FromOld Englishġeġn,gæġn, fromProto-West Germanic*gagin, fromProto-Germanic*gagin; also influenced byOld Norsegegn, from the same Proto-Germanic form.Doublet ofgayn(“direct, fast, good, helpful”).

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ɡæi̯n/,/ɡeːn/,/jæi̯n/,/jeːn/

Preposition

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gain

  2. against,nextto,touching
  3. (figurative)against,opposed to,counter to,opposing(usually used in religious and spiritual contexts)
  4. towards,to,nearing
  5. (rare)on,ontopof
  6. (rare)facing,pointedtowards
Descendants
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References
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Adverb

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gain

  1. back (to),returning (to)
References
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Etymology 2

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Adjective

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gain

  1. Alternative form ofgayn(“direct, fast, good, helpful”)

Etymology 3

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Noun

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gain

  1. Alternative form ofgayn(“gain, reward, advantage”)

Etymology 4

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Verb

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gain

  1. Alternative form ofgaynen

Middle French

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Etymology

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Old Frenchgaaing.

Noun

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gain m (pluralgains)

  1. income (financial)
    • 15th century, Rustichello da Pisa (original author), Mazarine Master (scribe),The Travels of Marco Polo, page19, line 16:
      et donnoit chascun iour de songaaing pour Dieu
      and every day he gave away some of his income for God

Descendants

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References

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  • gain onDictionnaire du Moyen Français (1330–1500) (in French)

Welsh

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Pronunciation

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Adjective

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gain

  1. Soft mutation ofcain.

Mutation

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Mutated forms ofcain
radicalsoftnasalaspirate
caingainnghainchain

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

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