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frugal

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

WOTD – 24 March 2007

Etymology

FromMiddle French, fromLatinfrugalis(“virtuous, thrifty”). Displaced nativeOld Englishspærhende(literally“spare-handed”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈfɹuːɡəl/
Audio(US): (file)
Audio(General Australian): (file)
Rhymes:-uːɡəl

Adjective

frugal (comparativemorefrugal,superlativemostfrugal)

Avoiding unnecessaryexpenditure either of money or of anything else which is to be used or consumed;avoidingwaste.
frugal advice
- 1776, Adam Smith,An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, Book II, Chapter III:
  By what afrugal man annually saves, he not only affords maintenance to an additional number of productive hands, for that or the ensuing year, but [also] establishes as it were a perpetual fund for the maintenance of an equal number in all times to come.

Synonyms

Antonyms

Derived terms

Translations

economical, avoiding waste, thrifty

Armenian:please add this translation if you can
Azerbaijani:yığımcıl,qənaətcil (az)
Belarusian:ашчадны (be)(aščadny)
Bulgarian:пестелив (bg)(pesteliv),икономичен (bg)(ikonomičen)
Catalan:frugal (ca)
Chinese:
Mandarin:節儉 /节俭 (zh)(jiéjiǎn)
Czech:skromný (cs) m,(of a person)spořivý m
Danish:sparsommelig (da),mådeholden (da),nøjsom
Dutch:zuinig (nl),spaarzaam (nl),frugaal (nl)
Esperanto:ŝparema
Finnish:säästäväinen (fi),nuuka (fi)
French:frugal (fr)
Galician:frugal (gl)
Georgian:მომჭირნე(momč̣irne)
German:genügsam (de),sparsam (de),schlicht (de)
Greek:λιτός (el) m(litós),οικονόμος (el)(oikonómos),φειδωλός (el)(feidolós)
Hungarian:takarékos (hu),beosztó (hu)
Ido:frugala (io)
Irish:spárálach
Italian:frugale (it) m or f
Japanese:倹約な (ja)(ken'yaku na),質素な (ja)(shisso na),倹しい (ja)(tsumashii)
Khmer:please add this translation if you can
Kurdish:
Northern Kurdish:tima (ku),destgirtî (ku)
Latin:frūgālis,parcus
Macedonian:штедлив m(štedliv)
Norman:mênagi
Norwegian:måteholden (no),frugal
Bokmål:nøysom (no),sparsommelig
Old English:spærhende
Persian:صرفه‌جو (fa)(sarfe-ju),اقتصادی (fa)(eqtesâdi)
Polish:oszczędny (pl) m
Portuguese:frugal (pt)
Punjabi:ਕਮਖਰਚ(kamkharac)
Romanian:frugal (ro) m or n
Russian:бережли́вый (ru)(berežlívyj)
Serbo-Croatian:štedljiv (sh)
Slovak:skromný,úsporný m,sporovlivý m
Spanish:frugal (es),ahorrativo (es),económico (es),parsimonioso (es)
Swedish:frugal (sv),sparsam (sv),återhållsam (sv)
Thai:please add this translation if you can
Turkish:tutumlu (tr)
Ukrainian:бережли́вий (uk)(berežlývyj),оща́дливий(oščádlyvyj),заоща́дливий(zaoščádlyvyj),еконо́мний (uk)(ekonómnyj)
Vietnamese:tằn tiện (vi)
Welsh:cynnil (cy),darbodus

Further reading

“frugal”, inWebster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.:G. & C. Merriam,1913,→OCLC.
William Dwight Whitney,Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “frugal”, inThe Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.:The Century Co.,→OCLC.

French

Etymology

Borrowed fromLate Latinfrūgālis.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /fʁy.ɡal/
Audio: (file)

Adjective

frugal (femininefrugale,masculine pluralfrugaux,feminine pluralfrugales)

frugal,austere

Related terms

Further reading

“frugal”, inTrésor de la langue française informatisé[Digitized Treasury of the French Language],2012.

Galician

Etymology

FromLatinfrūgālis.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /fɾuˈɡal/[fɾuˈɣ̞ɑɫ]

IPA^(key): (standard)/fɾuˈɡal/[fɾuˈɣ̞ɑɫ]
IPA^(key): (gheada)/fɾuˈħal/[fɾuˈħɑɫ]

Rhymes:-al
Hyphenation:fru‧gal

Adjective

frugal m or f (pluralfrugais)

frugal,economical

Related terms

frugalidade

Further reading

“frugal”, inDicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña:Royal Galician Academy,2012–2025

German

Etymology

Borrowed fromFrenchfrugal, fromLatinfrugalis.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [fʁuˈɡaːl]
Hyphenation:fru‧gal
Audio: (file)
Audio: (file)

Adjective

frugal (strong nominative masculine singularfrugaler,comparativefrugaler,superlativeam frugalsten)

frugal

Declension

Positive forms offrugal

number & gender		singular			plural
number & gender		masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
predicative		er istfrugal	sie istfrugal	es istfrugal	sie sindfrugal
strong declension (without article)	nominative	frugaler	frugale	frugales	frugale
	genitive	frugalen	frugaler	frugalen	frugaler
	dative	frugalem	frugaler	frugalem	frugalen
	accusative	frugalen	frugale	frugales	frugale
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	derfrugale	diefrugale	dasfrugale	diefrugalen
	genitive	desfrugalen	derfrugalen	desfrugalen	derfrugalen
	dative	demfrugalen	derfrugalen	demfrugalen	denfrugalen
	accusative	denfrugalen	diefrugale	dasfrugale	diefrugalen
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	einfrugaler	einefrugale	einfrugales	(keine)frugalen
	genitive	einesfrugalen	einerfrugalen	einesfrugalen	(keiner)frugalen
	dative	einemfrugalen	einerfrugalen	einemfrugalen	(keinen)frugalen
	accusative	einenfrugalen	einefrugale	einfrugales	(keine)frugalen

Comparative forms offrugal

number & gender		singular			plural
number & gender		masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
predicative		er istfrugaler	sie istfrugaler	es istfrugaler	sie sindfrugaler
strong declension (without article)	nominative	frugalerer	frugalere	frugaleres	frugalere
	genitive	frugaleren	frugalerer	frugaleren	frugalerer
	dative	frugalerem	frugalerer	frugalerem	frugaleren
	accusative	frugaleren	frugalere	frugaleres	frugalere
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	derfrugalere	diefrugalere	dasfrugalere	diefrugaleren
	genitive	desfrugaleren	derfrugaleren	desfrugaleren	derfrugaleren
	dative	demfrugaleren	derfrugaleren	demfrugaleren	denfrugaleren
	accusative	denfrugaleren	diefrugalere	dasfrugalere	diefrugaleren
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	einfrugalerer	einefrugalere	einfrugaleres	(keine)frugaleren
	genitive	einesfrugaleren	einerfrugaleren	einesfrugaleren	(keiner)frugaleren
	dative	einemfrugaleren	einerfrugaleren	einemfrugaleren	(keinen)frugaleren
	accusative	einenfrugaleren	einefrugalere	einfrugaleres	(keine)frugaleren

Superlative forms offrugal

number & gender		singular			plural
number & gender		masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
predicative		er istam frugalsten	sie istam frugalsten	es istam frugalsten	sie sindam frugalsten
strong declension (without article)	nominative	frugalster	frugalste	frugalstes	frugalste
	genitive	frugalsten	frugalster	frugalsten	frugalster
	dative	frugalstem	frugalster	frugalstem	frugalsten
	accusative	frugalsten	frugalste	frugalstes	frugalste
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	derfrugalste	diefrugalste	dasfrugalste	diefrugalsten
	genitive	desfrugalsten	derfrugalsten	desfrugalsten	derfrugalsten
	dative	demfrugalsten	derfrugalsten	demfrugalsten	denfrugalsten
	accusative	denfrugalsten	diefrugalste	dasfrugalste	diefrugalsten
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	einfrugalster	einefrugalste	einfrugalstes	(keine)frugalsten
	genitive	einesfrugalsten	einerfrugalsten	einesfrugalsten	(keiner)frugalsten
	dative	einemfrugalsten	einerfrugalsten	einemfrugalsten	(keinen)frugalsten
	accusative	einenfrugalsten	einefrugalste	einfrugalstes	(keine)frugalsten

Further reading

“frugal” inDuden online
“frugal” inDigitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed fromLatinfrūgālis.

Pronunciation

(Brazil)IPA^(key): /fɾuˈɡaw/[fɾuˈɡaʊ̯]

(Portugal)IPA^(key): /fɾuˈɡal/[fɾuˈɣaɫ]

(Portugal)IPA^(key): /fɾuˈɡal/[fɾuˈɣaɫ]
- (Southern Portugal)IPA^(key): /fɾuˈɡa.li/[fɾuˈɣa.li]

Rhymes:-al,-aw
Hyphenation:fru‧gal

Adjective

frugal m or f (pluralfrugais)

frugal,economical

Derived terms

frugalmente

Related terms

frugalidade

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed fromFrenchfrugal, fromLatinfrugalis.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /fruˈɡal/

Adjective

frugal m or n (feminine singularfrugală,masculine pluralfrugali,feminine and neuter pluralfrugale)

frugal

Declension

Declension offrugal
		masculine	neuter	feminine		masculine	neuter	feminine
		singular				plural
nominative- accusative	indefinite	frugal		frugală		frugali	frugale
nominative- accusative	definite	frugalul		frugala		frugalii	frugalele
genitive- dative	indefinite	frugal		frugale		frugali	frugale
genitive- dative	definite	frugalului		frugalei		frugalilor	frugalelor

Related terms

frugalitate

Further reading

frugal inDEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

Spanish

Etymology

FromLatinfrūgālis.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /fɾuˈɡal/[fɾuˈɣ̞al]
Audio(Colombia): (file)
Rhymes:-al
Syllabification:fru‧gal

Adjective

frugal m or f (masculine and feminine pluralfrugales)

frugal
Synonym:parco
economical
Synonym:económico

Related terms

frugalidad

Further reading

“frugal”, inDiccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8,Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish:Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

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