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former

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Inherited fromMiddle Englishformer, comparative offorme(“first”), fromOld Englishforma(“first”), descended fromProto-Germanic*frumô. Parallel toprior (via Latin), as comparative form from same Proto-Indo-European root. Related tofirst andfore (thencebefore), from Proto-Germanic.

Adjective

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former (notcomparable)

  1. Previous.
    Synonyms:erstwhile,sometime,whilom,wont-to-be;see alsoThesaurus:former
    Antonyms:next;see alsoThesaurus:subsequent
    Aformer president
    theformer East Germany
    • 1892,Walter Besant, chapter III, inThe Ivory Gate […], New York, N.Y.:Harper & Brothers, […],→OCLC:
      At half-past nine on this Saturday evening, the parlour of the Salutation Inn, High Holborn, contained most of its customary visitors.[…]Informer days every tavern of repute kept such a room for its own select circle, a club, or society, of habitués, who met every evening, for a pipe and a cheerful glass.
    • 2007, Junius P. Rodriguez,Encyclopedia of Emancipation and Abolition in the Transatlantic World:
      Theformer-slaves-turned-abolitionists Quobna Ottobah Cugoano and Olaudah Equiano were the chief organizers of the Sons of Africa.
    • 2024 May 30, Sarah Dean and David McKenzie, “First results in South Africa’s election suggest it is heading for biggest political shift since apartheid”, inCNN‎[1]:
      Another ANC splinter party, the uMkhonto weSizwe Party (MK), led byformer President Jacob Zuma appears to be on course to do well in KwaZulu-Natal, the eastern coastal province where Durban is located.
  3. First of aforementioned two items. Used withthe, often without a noun.
    Antonym:latter
    Theformer is a good idea but the latter is not.
    We have two cars, a red one and a blue one. We won theformer on a game show.
    Bananas are tastier than parsnips, but the latter’s nutritional value is higher than theformer’s.
Alternative forms
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Derived terms
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Translations
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previous
first of aforementioned two items
See also
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Etymology 2

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Inherited fromMiddle Englishformere. Bysurface analysis,form +‎-er.

Noun

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former (pluralformers)

  1. Someone whoforms something; amaker; acreator orfounder.
    Dave was theformer of the company.
  2. An object used toform something, such as atemplate,gauge, orcuttingdie.
    The brick arch was built using a woodenformer.
  3. (chiefly British, used in combinations) Someone in, or of, a certainform (class).
    Fifth-former.
    Sixth-former.
Derived terms
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Anagrams

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Danish

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Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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former c

  1. indefiniteplural ofform

Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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former

  1. present offorme

Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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formerorformér

  1. imperative offormere

French

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Etymology

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Inherited fromOld French, borrowed fromLatinfōrmāre(“to form”).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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former

  1. toform(generic sense)
  2. toshape(to make into a certain shape)
  3. totrain; toeducate

Conjugation

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Conjugation offormer(see alsoAppendix:French verbs)
infinitivesimpleformer
compoundavoir + past participle
present participle orgerund1simpleformant
/fɔʁ.mɑ̃/
compoundayant + past participle
past participleformé
/fɔʁ.me/
singularplural
firstsecondthirdfirstsecondthird
indicativeje (j’)tuil, elle, onnousvousils, elles
(simple
tenses)		presentforme
/fɔʁm/		formes
/fɔʁm/		forme
/fɔʁm/		formons
/fɔʁ.mɔ̃/		formez
/fɔʁ.me/		forment
/fɔʁm/
imperfectformais
/fɔʁ.mɛ/		formais
/fɔʁ.mɛ/		formait
/fɔʁ.mɛ/		formions
/fɔʁ.mjɔ̃/		formiez
/fɔʁ.mje/		formaient
/fɔʁ.mɛ/
past historic2formai
/fɔʁ.me/		formas
/fɔʁ.ma/		forma
/fɔʁ.ma/		formâmes
/fɔʁ.mam/		formâtes
/fɔʁ.mat/		formèrent
/fɔʁ.mɛʁ/
futureformerai
/fɔʁ.mə.ʁe/		formeras
/fɔʁ.mə.ʁa/		formera
/fɔʁ.mə.ʁa/		formerons
/fɔʁ.mə.ʁɔ̃/		formerez
/fɔʁ.mə.ʁe/		formeront
/fɔʁ.mə.ʁɔ̃/
conditionalformerais
/fɔʁ.mə.ʁɛ/		formerais
/fɔʁ.mə.ʁɛ/		formerait
/fɔʁ.mə.ʁɛ/		formerions
/fɔʁ.mə.ʁjɔ̃/		formeriez
/fɔʁ.mə.ʁje/		formeraient
/fɔʁ.mə.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses)		present perfectpresent indicative ofavoir + past participle
pluperfectimperfect indicative ofavoir + past participle
past anterior2past historic ofavoir + past participle
future perfectfuture ofavoir + past participle
conditional perfectconditional ofavoir + past participle
subjunctiveque je (j’)que tuqu’il, qu’elleque nousque vousqu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		presentforme
/fɔʁm/		formes
/fɔʁm/		forme
/fɔʁm/		formions
/fɔʁ.mjɔ̃/		formiez
/fɔʁ.mje/		forment
/fɔʁm/
imperfect2formasse
/fɔʁ.mas/		formasses
/fɔʁ.mas/		formât
/fɔʁ.ma/		formassions
/fɔʁ.ma.sjɔ̃/		formassiez
/fɔʁ.ma.sje/		formassent
/fɔʁ.mas/
(compound
tenses)		pastpresent subjunctive ofavoir + past participle
pluperfect2imperfect subjunctive ofavoir + past participle
imperative–tu–nousvous–
simple—forme
/fɔʁm/		—formons
/fɔʁ.mɔ̃/		formez
/fɔʁ.me/		—
compound—simple imperative ofavoir + past participle—simple imperative ofavoir + past participlesimple imperative ofavoir + past participle—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the prepositionen.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
past historic → present perfect
past anterior → pluperfect
imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995],Master the Basics: French, pp.77,78,79,81).

Related terms

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Descendants

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Further reading

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Latin

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Verb

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fōrmer

  1. first-personsingularpresentpassivesubjunctive offōrmō

Norwegian Bokmål

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Noun

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former m orf

  1. indefiniteplural ofform

Verb

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former

  1. present offorme

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Noun

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former f

  1. indefiniteplural ofform

Swedish

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Noun

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former

  1. indefiniteplural ofform

Anagrams

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