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foil

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:FOIL

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishfoyle, fromMiddle Frenchfueille, fromOld Frenchfueille(“plant leaf”), fromLate Latinfolia, the plural offolium, mistaken as a singular feminine.

The literary sense is from the practice of backing agem with metal foil to make it shine more brilliantly.

Doublet offolio andfolium, distantly also withphyllo andphyllon.

Noun

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foil (countable anduncountable,pluralfoils)

  1. A very thin sheet of metal.
  2. (chiefly uncountable) Thinaluminium/aluminum (or, formerly, tin) used for wrapping food.
    wrap the sandwich up infoil
  3. A thin layer of metal put between ajewel and itssetting to make it seem more brilliant.
  4. (authorship, figuratively) In literature, theatre/theater, etc., acharacter who helpsemphasize the traits of the main character and who usually acts as an opponent orantagonist, but can also serve as thesidekick of theprotagonist.
    • 2022 December 20, Leigh Monson, “Puss In Boots: The Last Wish review:Antonio Banderas leads the best film yet in the Shrek franchise”, inAV Club‎[1]:
      As Puss comes to realize his legendary status is not a substitute for interpersonal connection, his interactions with Kitty and the therapy dog start to take on a surprising amount of weight, while Goldilocks serves as a well-realizedfoil who has more in common with Puss that is at first apparent.
  5. (figuratively) Anything that acts by contrast to emphasise the characteristics of something.
  6. (fencing) A very thin sword with a blunted (or foiled) tip
  7. A thin, transparent plastic material on which marks are made and projected for the purposes of presentation. Seetransparency.
  8. Apremiumtrading card with aglossyfinish.
    • 2016,Pojo's Unofficial Big Book of Pokémon, Triumph Books:
      I personally would collect all thefoils from Base Set before this one, but the market is what the market is.
  9. (heraldry) A stylizedflower orleaf.
  10. (hydrodynamics, nautical)Clipping ofhydrofoil.
  11. (aerodynamics, aviation)Clipping ofaerofoil/airfoil.
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Translations
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thin sheet of metal
thin aluminium/aluminum or tin used for wrapping food
type of sword used in fencing
thin layer of metal put between a jewel and its setting to make it seem more brilliant
character who helps emphasise the traits of the main character
anything that acts to emphasise the characteristics of something
shortened form of hydrofoil—seehydrofoil
shortened form of aerofoil/airfoil—seeaerofoil

Verb

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foil (third-person singular simple presentfoils,present participlefoiling,simple past and past participlefoiled)

  1. (transitive) To cover or wrap with foil.
  2. (nautical)Clipping ofhydrofoil.
Translations
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cover with foil
hydrofoil—seehydrofoil

Etymology 2

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FromMiddle Englishfoilen(“spoil a scent trail by crossing it”), fromOld Frenchfouler(“tread on, trample”), ultimately fromLatinfullō(“I trample, I full”).

Verb

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foil (third-person singular simple presentfoils,present participlefoiling,simple past and past participlefoiled)

  1. To prevent (something) from beingaccomplished.
    Theyfoiled my plans.
  2. To prevent (someone) from accomplishing something.
    I wasfoiled by my superior
    • 1606,Caius [i.e., Gaius] Suetonius Tranquillus, “The Historie ofFlavius Vespatianus Augustus”, inPhilêmon Holland, transl.,The Historie of Twelve Cæsars Emperours of Rome. […], London: […] [Humphrey Lownes and George Snowdon] for Matthew Lownes,→OCLC, section 5,page243:
      And at the field fought beforeBebriacum, ere the battailes joyned, tvvoÆgles had a conflict and bickered together in all their fights: and vvhen the one of them wasfoyled and overcome, a third came at the very inſtant from the ſunne riſing and chaſed the Victreſſe avvay.
    • 1697,Virgil, “The Seventh Book of theÆneis”, inJohn Dryden, transl.,The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […],→OCLC:
      And by mortal man at length amfoil'd.
    • 1812,Lord Byron, “Canto I”, inChilde Harold’s Pilgrimage. A Romaunt, London: Printed for John Murray, […];William Blackwood, Edinburgh; and John Cumming, Dublin; byThomas Davison, […],→OCLC, stanza LV:
      her long locks thatfoil the painter's power
    • 1848 November –1850 December,William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 28, inThe History of Pendennis. […], volume(please specify |volume=I or II), London:Bradbury and Evans, […], published1849–1850,→OCLC:
      Perhaps you think you love me now but it is only for an instant, and because you arefoiled.
    • 2011 December 10, David Ornstein, “Arsenal 1 - 0 Everton”, inBBC Sport‎[2]:
      First, former Toffee Mikel Arteta sent Walcott racing clear but instead of shooting he squared towards Ramsey, who wasfoiled by Tony Hibbert.
    • 2017 August 20, “The Observer view on the attacks in Spain”, inThe Observer‎[3]:
      Many jihadist plots have beenfoiled and the security apparatus is getting better, overall, at pre-empting those who would do us ill. But, they say, the nature of the threat and the terrorists’ increasing use of low-tech, asymmetrical tactics such as hire vehicles and knives, make it all but impossible to stop every assault.
  3. To blunt; to dull; to spoil.
    • 1711 August 11 (Gregorian calendar), [Joseph Addison], “TUESDAY, July 31, 1711”, inThe Spectator, number(please specify the issue number); republished inAlexander Chalmers, editor,The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume(please either specify the issue number or |volume=I to VI), New York, N.Y.:D[aniel] Appleton & Company,1853,→OCLC:
      theyfoil the scent of one another.
      The spelling has been modernized.
  4. (obsolete) To tread underfoot; totrample.
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Translations
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prevent from being accomplished

Noun

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foil (pluralfoils)

  1. Failure when on the point of attainment; defeat; frustration; miscarriage.
  2. One of theincorrectanswers presented in amultiple-choicetest.

Etymology 3

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FromFrenchfoulis.

Noun

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foil (pluralfoils)

  1. (hunting) Thetrack of ananimal.
Synonyms
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  • (track of an animal):spoor
Translations
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track of an animal

Etymology 4

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From mnemonic acronymFOIL(“First Outside Inside Last”).

Verb

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foil (third-person singular simple presentfoils,present participlefoiling,simple past and past participlefoiled)

  1. (mathematics) To expand a product of two or more algebraic expressions, typicallybinomials.
Translations
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to expand a product of two or more algebraic expressions, typically binomials

Etymology 5

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Seefile.

Verb

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foil (third-person singular simple presentfoils,present participlefoiling,simple past and past participlefoiled)

  1. (obsolete) Todefile; tosoil.

Etymology 6

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Noun

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foil (pluralfoils)

  1. (architecture) A smallarc in thetracery of awindow, etc.
Related terms
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References

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Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “foil”, inOnline Etymology Dictionary.


Anagrams

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Old French

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromLatinfolium. Comparefueille, from the plural offolium,folia.

Noun

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foiloblique singular, m (oblique pluralfouzorfoilz,nominative singularfouzorfoilz,nominative pluralfoil)

  1. leaf (green appendage of a plant which photosynthesizes)

Old Irish

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Etymology

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FromProto-Celtic*uɸolexs, from*uɸo-(“under”) +‎*leg-(“to lie”). Cognate withWelshgwâl(“lair, pigsty”).[1]

Noun

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foil f (genitivefolach)

  1. ring,bracelet
    • c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published inThesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 64a17
      foil ―glossingLatinarmillam(“bracelet”)
  2. pigsty

Inflection

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Feminine g-stem
singulardualplural
nominativefoilfolaigLfolaig
vocativefoilfolaigLfoilgea
accusativefolaigNfolaigLfoilgea
genitivefolachfolachfolachN
dativefolaigLfoilgibfoilgib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Mutation

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Mutation offoil
radicallenitionnasalization
foilḟoilfoil
pronounced with/β(ʲ)-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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  1. ^Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*ufo-leg-”, inEtymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden:Brill,→ISBN,page398

Further reading

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