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flat

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:flåt

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Pronunciation

[edit]

Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishflat, a borrowing fromOld Norseflatr[1] (compare Norwegian andSwedishflat,Danishflad), fromProto-Germanic*flataz, fromProto-Indo-European*pleth₂-(flat); akin toSaterland Frisianflot(smooth),GermanFlöz(a geological layer),Ancient Greekπλατύς(platús),Latvianplats,Sanskritप्रथस्(prathas,extension).[2]Doublet ofplat andpleyt.

The noun is fromMiddle Englishflat(level piece of ground, flat edge of a weapon), from the adjective.

The algebraic sense was coined bySerre ina 1956 paper, originally asFrenchplat.

Adjective

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flat (comparativeflatter,superlativeflattest)

  1. Having no variations inheight.
    The land around here isflat.
    1. In ahorizontal line or plane; notsloping.
      aflat roof
    2. Smooth; having noprotrusions,indentations or other surface irregularities, or relatively so.
      The surface of the mirror must be completelyflat.
      The carpet isn't properlyflat in that corner.
      She has quite aflat face.
    3. (slang) Havingsmall orinvisiblebreasts and/orbuttocks.
      Near-synonym:flat-chested
      That girl is completelyflat on both sides.
  2. Without variation in level, quantity, value, tone etc.
    The exchange rate has beenflat for several weeks.
    1. At a consistently depressed level; consistently lacklustre.
      Sales have beenflat all year, and we've barely broken even.
    2. (not comparable, commerce) Of fees, fares etc.,fixed;unvarying.
      aflat fee
      flat rates
      aflat fare on public transport
    3. (music, voice) Without variations in pitch.
      He delivered the speech in aflat tone.
    4. (phonetics, of a vowel) Notdiphthongal; without variation inheight orbackness.
    5. (of colours) Without variation in tone or hue (uniform), anddull (notglossy).
      Synonym:matte
      The walls were painted aflat gray.
  3. (figurative) Lackingliveliness oraction;depressed;uninteresting;dull andboring.
    The party was a bitflat.
    The market isflat today as most traders are on holiday.
    The dialogue in your screenplay isflat — you need to make it more exciting.
    1. (authorship, figuratively, especially of a character) Lacking indepth,substance, orbelievability;underdeveloped;one-dimensional.
      Antonym:round
      The author added a chapter toflesh out the book'sflatter characters.
  4. (music, note) Lowered by onesemitone.
  5. (music) Of a note or voice, lower in pitch than it should be.
    Your A string isflat.
  6. Absolute;downright;peremptory.
    His claim was inflat contradiction to experimental results.
    I'm not going to the party and that'sflat.
    • 1589–1592 (date written),Ch[ristopher] Marl[owe],The Tragicall History of D. Faustus. [], London: [] V[alentine] S[immes] for Thomas Bushell, published1604,→OCLC,signature [B4], recto:
      Wag[ner]. Vilaine, call me MaiſterWagner, and let thy left eye be diametarily fixt vpon my right heele, withquaſi veſtigias nostras inſistere [as if to follow in our footsteps]. /Clo[wn]: God forgiue me, he ſpeakes Dutch fuſtian: / well, Ile folow him, Ile ſerue him, thatsflat.
    • 1598–1599 (first performance),William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies [] (First Folio), London: [] Isaac Iaggard, andEd[ward] Blount, published1623,→OCLC,[Act IV, scene ii]:
      SECOND WATCH. Marry, that he had received a thousand ducats of Don John for accusing the Lady Hero wrongfully.
      DOGBERRY.Flat burglary as ever was committed
    • 1602,John Marston,Antonio and Mellida, Malone Society Reprint, 1921, Act I, lines 324-326,[1]
      He is made like a tilting staffe; and lookes
      For all the world like an ore-rosted pigge:
      A greatTobacco taker too, thatsflat.
  7. (of a tire or other inflated object)Deflated, especially because of apuncture.
  8. (of acarbonated drink) With all or most of itscarbon dioxide having come out ofsolution so that the drink no longerfizzes or contains anybubbles.
  9. (wine) Lackingacidity without beingsweet.
  10. (of a battery) Unable to emit power;dead.
  11. (juggling, of a throw) Without spin;spinless.
  12. (phonetics, dated, of aconsonant)Sonant;vocal, as distinguished from asharp (non-sonant) consonant.
  13. (grammar) Not having aninflectional ending or sign, such as anoun used as an adjective, or an adjective as an adverb, without the addition of aformative suffix; or aninfinitive without the sign "to".
    Manyflat adverbs, as in 'run fast', 'buy cheap', etc. are from Old English.
  14. (golf, of agolf club) Having ahead at a veryobtuse angle to theshaft.
  15. (horticulture, of certainfruits) Flattening at the ends.
  16. (of measurements of time)Exact.
    He finished the race in aflat four minutes.
  17. (homological algebra, of amodule) Such that thetensor product preservesexact sequences.SeeFlat module on Wikipedia.Wikipedia.
  18. (algebra, ring theory, of aringhomomorphism) Such that itstarget, regarded as amodule over itssource, is flat (as above).
  19. (algebraic geometry, scheme theory, of amorphism ofschemes) Such that the induced map on everystalk is flat (as a map of rings).
    Hyponym:faithfully flat
  20. (of coffee) Having little froth and little milk.
  21. (UK, slang, obsolete)Foolish; simple-minded.
Alternative forms
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Synonyms
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Antonyms
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  • (antonym(s) ofhaving no variations in altitude):bumpy,cratered,hilly(of terrain),rough(of a surface),wrinkled(of a surface)
  • (antonym(s) ofmusic: lowered by one semitone):sharp
  • (antonym(s) ofmusic: lower in pitch than it should be):sharp
Derived terms
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Descendants
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Translations
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having no variations in altitude
of a body part having no projection
without variations in pitch
uninteresting
lowered by one semitone
lower in pitch than it should be
of a tyre: deflated
with its carbon dioxide having come out of solution
unable to emit power
of coffee

Adverb

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flat (comparativemoreflat,superlativemostflat)

  1. So as to be flat.
    Spread the tableclothflat over the table.
  2. Completely,firmly, orunequivocally.
    I asked him if he wanted to marry me and he turned me downflat.
    • 1950,Norman Lindsay,Dust or Polish?, Sydney: Angus and Robertson, page63:
      "You'll understand thisflat, I won't be fooled about by you any longer."
  3. (of accurately measured timings)Exactly,precisely.
    In the mile race, Smith's time was 3:58.56, and Brown's was four minutesflat.
    • 1996, Jon Byrell,Lairs, Urgers and Coat-Tuggers, Sydney: Ironbark, page186:
      Dan Patch clocked a scorching 1:55.5flat.
    • 1997, “Scissors”, performed bySlipknot:
      I play doctor for five minutesflat
      Before I cut my heart open and let the air out
  4. (with units of time, distance, etc)Used to emphasize the smallness of the measurement.
    He can run a mile in four minutesflat.
  5. (of a sentence) Without parole.
    • 1989 February 5, Mary Shallhorn, “No Unity Among The Sisters”, inGay Community News, volume16, number29, page 5:
      The recent case in Dallas where two gay males were killed by an 18 yr old straight kid is a perfect example of what gays in this state face. The kid got 30 yrs (he'll do 3 or 4 yrs and be paroled) yet I must do 12 yearsflat for a robbery in which no one was hurt.
  6. Completely.
    I amflat broke this month.
  7. Directly; flatly.
    • [1633],George Herbert, edited by [Nicholas Ferrar],The Temple. Sacred Poems, and Private Ejaculations, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: [] Thomas Buck and Roger Daniel; and are to be sold by Francis Green, [],→OCLC:
      Sin isflat opposite to the Almighty.
  8. (finance, slang) Without allowance foraccruedinterest.
    The bonds are tradingflat.
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Translations
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so as to be flat
bluntly
with units of time, distance, etc: not exceeding
completely
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Noun

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A flat tire

flat (pluralflats)

  1. An area oflevel ground (sometimes covered with shallow or tidal water).
    The hovercraft skimmed across the openflats.
    the eastern end of the saltflat;mudflat,tidalflat,floodflat
    • 1625,Francis [Bacon], “Of Envy”, inThe Essayes [], 3rd edition, London: [] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret,→OCLC:
      Envy is as the sunbeams that beat hotter upon a bank, or steep rising ground, than upon aflat.
    • 1913,Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter III, inMr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y.; London:D[aniel] Appleton and Company,→OCLC:
      My hopes wa'n't disappointed. I never saw clams thicker than they was along them inshoreflats. I filled my dreener in no time, and then it come to me that 'twouldn't be a bad idee to get a lot more, take 'em with me to Wellmouth, and peddle 'em out. Clams was fairly scarce over that side of the bay and ought to fetch a fair price.
    1. (in the phrase 'the flat') Level ground in general.
      I can run on theflat but not up hills.
      The going will be easier once we're through these mountains and onto theflat.
    2. (horse racing, with 'the' or attributively, sometimes with capital) Level horse-racing ground, as contrasted with courses incorporating jumps, or the racing done on such ground.
      This horse will do better over theflat.
      flat racing,theflat season
      • 2020, Brian Sheerin,Racing Post, "Gordon Elliott maps out summer Flat campaigns for talented jumpers" (article)[2]
        In light of Horse Racing Ireland's Covid-19 contingency plan announcement, that whenever racing resumes theFlat will be given priority, Elliott has decided to keep a number of talented jumpers on the go during the summer, with a view towards a dual-purpose campaign.
      • 2021 (retrieved), racing365.com, "Flat Racing Explained"[3]
        In British horse racing, the classics are a series of horse races run over theflat (i.e. without jumps).
    3. (Australia, horse racing, with 'the' or attributively, sometimes with capital) the area in the centre of a racecourse.
      • 1963,George Blaikie,Scandals of Australia's Strange Past, Adelaide: Rigby Limited, page117:
        As forecast, Joe suspected nothing as he pottered round theflat in the sunshine, absorbed in the task of picking winners.
    4. (American football) The areas behind theline of scrimmage to either side of an offensive football formation.
  2. (music) A note played one chromaticsemitone lower than anatural, denoted by the symbol placed after the letter representing the note (e.g., B♭) or in front of the note symbol (e.g. ♭♪).
    The key of E♭ has threeflats.
  3. (informal, automotive) Aflat tyre/flat tire.
    • 2012 July 15, Richard Williams,Tour de France 2012: Carpet tacks cannot force Bradley Wiggins off track[4], Guardian Unlimited:
      The next one surrendered his bike, only for that, too, to give him a secondflat as he started the descent.
  4. (in theplural) A type of ladies' shoe with a very low heel.
    She liked to walk in herflats more than in her high heels.
  5. (in theplural) A type of flat-soled running shoe without spikes.
  6. (painting) A thin, broad brush used in oil andwatercolour painting.
  7. The most prominentflat part of something.
    • 2024, Robert J. Meurn,Marine Cargo Operations:
      The outboard bales in each tier should be placed on their edges so that theirflats will be presented to the sweat battens. This precaution is necessary to lessen the damage in case of chafage. If the bales chafe or become wet on theirflats, only one or two layers will be damaged.
    1. (swordfighting) Theflat side of ablade, as opposed to the sharpedge.
    2. Thepalm of thehand, with the adjacent part of thefingers.
  8. Awide,shallowcontainer orpallet.
    aflat of strawberries
  9. (US)Ellipsis offlat water(nonfizzy drinking water).
    Waiter: Would you like sparkling orflat?Guest:Flat, thank you.
  10. (postal) A largemail piece measuring at least 8 1/2 by 11 inches, such ascatalogs,magazines, and unfolded paper enclosed in largeenvelopes.
  11. (rail transport, US) A railroad car without a roof, and whose body is a platform without sides; a platform car orflatcar.
    • 1960 November, David Morgan, “"Piggyback"—U.S. success story”, inTrains Illustrated, page684:
      For example, when trailers containing new automobiles were first piggybacked two areas of potential damage became evident: (1) diesel locomotive exhaust left a film of oil on the new autos; and (2) auto windshields could be scarred or cracked by the metal-tipped "tell-tales" which warn men atop trains of oncoming bridges or tunnels. Accordingly, automobiles aboard piggybackflats are usually coupled into the train 15 or more cars behind the locomotive; and telltales have been raised.
  12. (rail transport) Aflat spot on the wheel of a rail vehicle.
    • 1951 October, R. S. McNaught, “Lines of Approach”, inRailway Magazine, page706:
      The tender roared along vibrating vigorously; braking had resulted in "flats" on most of its tyres.
  13. A flat-bottomed boat, without keel, and of small draught.
  14. (geometry) Asubset of n-dimensional space that iscongruent to aEuclidean space of lowerdimension.
  15. A straw hat, broad-brimmed and low-crowned.
  16. Aflat sheet for use on a bed.
    • 1986,New York Magazine, volume19, number49, page20:
      You might think that Americans buy roughly the same number of fitted sheets asflats. Or, considering the market for electric blankets, duvets, and other covers, that consumers buy even more bottom sheets, simply forgoing the tops.
  17. (publishing) A flat, glossy children'sbook with few pages.
    • 1970,The Publishers Weekly, volume197, page85:
      This same publisher notes pricing is a crucial factor in the mass market field of $1, $1.95 and $2.95 "flats."
  18. A platform on a wheel, upon which emblematic designs etc. are carried in processions.
  19. (mining) A horizontal vein or ore deposit auxiliary to a main vein; also, any horizontal portion of a vein not elsewhere horizontal.[3]
  20. (technical, theatre, stagecraft) Arectangular wooden structure covered withmasonite,lauan, ormuslin, often produced in standard modules, that is used to build wall surfaces on stage. Flats can be painted and outfitted with doors and/or windows to depict a building or other part of ascene, and are a hard-surfaced alternative to abackcloth orbackdrop.
  21. (entomology) Any of varioushesperiid butterflies that spread their wings open when they land.
  22. (historical) An early kind oftoysoldier having a flat design.
    • 2019, Luigi Toiati,The History of Toy Soldiers, page78:
      Among the many US museums hostingflats, we may mention the Toy Soldier Museum in the Pocono Mountains, supervised by the historian, collector and dealer J. Hillestad.
  23. (obsolete) A dull fellow; a simpleton.
  24. Ellipsis offlat ride(spinning amusement ride).
  25. (optics) A flat (i.e. plane) mirror
  26. (gambling, slang) Acheater'sdie with the edges shaved to make certain rolls more likely.
    • 2005, Fred Cicetti,Local Angles: The Big News in Small Towns, page78:
      He would slip in his six-aceflats, shaved dice that were made to bring up sevens. He'd throw them just long enough to get well, and then replace them with legitimate cubes.
  27. (Canadian Prairies, British Columbia) A 24-case of beer.
Antonyms
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Derived terms
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Translations
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area of level ground
music: note played a semitone lower than a natural
flat tyreseeflat tyre
plural: ladies' shoes
thin, broad brush
flat part of something
swordfighting: flat side of a blade
palm of the handseepalm
wide, shallow container
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Verb

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flat (third-person singular simple presentflats,present participleflatting,simple past and past participleflatted)

  1. (pokerslang) To make aflat call; tocall withoutraising.
  2. (intransitive) To become flat or flattened; to sink or fall to an even surface.
  3. (intransitive, music, colloquial) To fall from thepitch.
  4. (transitive, music) To depress in tone, as a musical note; especially, to lower in pitch by half a tone.
  5. (transitive, dated) To make flat; to flatten; to level.
    • 1611, Iohn Speed [i.e.,John Speed], “Stephen, the Two and Fortieth Monarch of the English-men: His Raigne, Acts, and Issue”, inThe History of Great Britaine under the Conquests of yͤ Romans, Saxons, Danes and Normans. [], London: [] William Hall and John Beale, for John Sudbury and George Humble, [],→OCLC, book IX ([Englands Monarchs] []), paragraph 13,page447, column 2:
      And thus thoſe Forts vvhich vvere erected to defend the Crovvne, firſt offended the King, ſome fevv vvhereof as he recouered, heflatted to the ground, and vviſhed the other no higher vvalls; ſtill ſvvearingby Gods Birth (his vſuall Oath) hee vvould not ſlightly bee vnſeated of his Crovvne, and vvondring vvhat ſhould mooue them, vvho had ſo readilie aduanced him, ſo ſpeedily to vnſtate him.
    • 1764, James Granger,The Sugar-Cane: a Poem. In Four Books. With Notes., M.D., Book 1, page 44, note to verse 605:
      The pods, which seldom contain less than thirty nuts of the size of aflatted olive, grow upon the stem and principal branches.
  6. (transitive, dated) To render dull, insipid, or spiritless; to depress.
    • a.1678 (date written),Isaac Barrow, “(please specify the chapter name or sermon number). The Danger and Mischief of Delaying Repentance”, inThe Works of Dr. Isaac Barrow. [], volume(please specify |volume=I to VII), London:A[braham] J[ohn] Valpy, [], published1830–1831,→OCLC:
      Passions are allayed, appetites areflatted.
Derived terms
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Translations
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(intransitive) (of a tire)

Etymology 2

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A block of flats (apartments) inWrocław

From 1795, alteration ofScotsflet(inner part of a house), fromMiddle Englishflet(dwelling), fromOld Englishflet,flett(ground floor, dwelling), fromProto-Germanic*flatją(floor), fromProto-Germanic*flataz(flat), fromProto-Indo-European*pleth₂-(flat). Akin toOld Frisianflet, flette(dwelling, house). More atflet,flat1.

Noun

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flat (pluralflats)

  1. (chiefly British, New England, South Africa, India, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, archaic elsewhere) A completedomicile occupying onlypart of abuilding, especially one forrent
    Synonym:(mainly US)apartment
    • 1905, Sydney Perks,Residentialflats of all classes, including artisans' dwellings: a practical treatise on their planning and arrangement, together with chapters on their history, financial matters, etc.,with numerous illustrations,page204:
      The excellence of Frenchflats is so well known in America, that the owner will often refer to his property as "first class Frenchflats."
    • 1953 January 1, “Diamonds Are a Girl’s Best Friend”, inMy Heart Belongs to Daddy[5], performed by Marilyn Monroe:
      A kiss may be grand but it won’t pay the rental on your humbleflat or help you at the automat.
    • 1955 November 3, “Guys and Dolls”, inGuys and Dolls (Original Broadway Cast Recording)[6], performed byStubby Kaye (as Nicely Nicely Johnson) andJohnny Silver (as Benny Southstreet):
      [NICELY]When you meet a gent paying all kinds of rent for aflat that could flatten the Taj Mahal. [BOTH]Call it sad, call it funny but it’s better than even money that the guy’s only doing it for some doll.
    • 1983, Tai Ching Ling, “Relocation and Population Planning: A Study of the Implications of Public Housing and Family Planning in Singapore”, in Wilfredo F. Arce, Gabriel C. Alvarez, editors,Population Change in Southeast Asia,page184:
      Fifteen percent of this group said that they were not satisfied with the public housing estates and their HDB[Singapore Housing & Development Board]flats (see Tables 11 and 12 respectively).
    • 2002, MIchael Ottley,Briefcase on Company Law,page76:
      The Greater London Council formed the Estmanco company to manage a block of 60 council-ownedflats. The council entered into an agreement with the company to sell off theflats to owner-occupiers.
    • 2014, Terry Gourvish,Dolphin Square: The History of a Unique Building,page75:
      When the Dolphin Square'sflats were first offered to the public in 1936, the South Block was still under construction, and the North Block was a building site.
    • 2021 December 29, Stephen Roberts, “Stories and facts behind railway plaques: Bournemouth (circa 1880)”, inRAIL, number947, page60:
      Of course, closure of the West station took away the hotel's raison d'être. In May 2012, the local newspaper reported that this historic hotel, by then rated the town's worst (exemplified by its final review: "Please avoid at all costs"), was to be converted into 31 first-time-buyer one-bedroomflats.
Derived terms
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Descendants
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Translations
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apartmentseeapartment

Etymology 3

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FromMiddle Englishflatten, fromOld Frenchflatir(to knock or strike down, dash), fromFrankish*flattjan(to move the palm of the hand), fromProto-Germanic*flatjaną(to make flat, flatten).

Verb

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flat (third-person singular simple presentflats,present participleflatting,simple past and past participleflatted)

  1. (transitive, obsolete) Tobeat orstrike;pound
  2. (transitive) Todash orthrow
  3. (intransitive) To dash,rush
Derived terms
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References

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  • flat”, inOneLook Dictionary Search.
  1. ^Douglas Harper (2001–2025), “flat”, inOnline Etymology Dictionary.
  2. ^Sanskrit, OHG and Greek cognates named
  3. ^Rossiter W[orthington] Raymond (1881), “Flat”, inA Glossary of Mining and Metallurgical Terms. [], Easton, Pa.:[American] Institute[of Mining Engineers], [],→OCLC.

Anagrams

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Dutch

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromEnglishflat(1931) .

Pronunciation

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Noun

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flat m (pluralflats,diminutiveflatje n)

  1. flat,apartment
  2. tower block

Derived terms

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Indonesian

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Noun

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flat (pluralflat-flat)

  1. flat house

Latin

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Verb

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flat

  1. third-personsingularpresentactiveindicative offlō

Middle English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromOld Norseflatr, fromProto-Germanic*flataz.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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flat

  1. level,even,smooth

Descendants

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References

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Norwegian Bokmål

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Etymology

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FromOld Norseflatr.

Adjective

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flat (neuter singularflatt,definite singular and pluralflate,comparativeflatere,indefinite superlativeflatest,definite superlativeflateste)

  1. flat

Derived terms

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References

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology

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FromOld Norseflatr.

Adjective

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flat (neuter singularflatt,definite singular and pluralflate,comparativeflatare,indefinite superlativeflatast,definite superlativeflataste)

  1. flat

References

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Old English

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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flāt

  1. first/third-personsingularpreterite offlītan

Portuguese

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Pronunciation

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  • (Brazil)IPA(key): /ˈfla.t͡ʃi/,/ˈflɛ.t͡ʃi/
    • (Southern Brazil)IPA(key): /ˈfla.te/,/ˈflɛ.te/

Etymology 1

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Unadapted borrowing fromEnglishflat(having no variations in altitude).

Adjective

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flat (invariable)

  1. (surfing)flat
    Synonyms:chão,plano
    marflatflat sea

Etymology 2

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Unadapted borrowing fromEnglishflat(apartment).

Noun

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flat (Brazil)m or(Mozambique)f (pluralflats)

  1. (Brazil, Mozambique)flat,apartment
    Synonyms:(Mozambique)flate f,(Mozambique)flete f,apartamento

Scottish Gaelic

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Noun

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flat m (genitive singularflat,pluralflataichean)

  1. (Lewis, Tiree, Islay, Arran, Ross-shire, Sutherland, Argyll)saucer
    Synonym:sàsar
  2. flat,apartment

Synonyms

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Mutation

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Mutation offlat
radicallenition
flatfhlat

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Swedish

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Etymology

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FromOld Norseflatr, fromProto-Germanic*flataz, fromProto-Indo-European*plat-(flat).

Adjective

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flat (comparativeflatare,superlativeflatast)

  1. flat(having no variations in altitude)
    Solen reflekterades i spegelnsflata yta.
    The sun was reflected in theflat surface of the mirror.
  2. spineless, being adoormat, abstaining from defending one's convictions
    Han var alldeles förflat mot chefen, och fick inte heller någon löneökning.
    He let the manager walk all over him and did not get a raise.

Declension

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Inflection offlat
Indefinitepositivecomparativesuperlative1
common singularflatflatareflatast
neuter singularflattflatareflatast
pluralflataflatareflatast
masculine plural2flateflatareflatast
Definitepositivecomparativesuperlative
masculine singular3flateflatareflataste
allflataflatareflataste

1 The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
2 Dated or archaic.
3 Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

Synonyms

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References

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Anagrams

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