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first

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:First

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
English numbers(edit)
10
 ←  012  → 10  → 
   Cardinal:one
   Ordinal:first
   Abbreviated ordinal:1st
   Latinate ordinal:primary
   Reverse order ordinal:last
   Latinate reverse order ordinal:ultimate
   Adverbial:onetime,once
   Multiplier:onefold
   Latinate multiplier:single
   Distributive:singly
   Germanic collective:onesome
   Collective of n parts:singlet,singleton
   Greek or Latinate collective:monad
   Greek collective prefix:mono-
   Latinate collective prefix:uni-
   Fractional:whole
   Elemental:singlet,singleton
   Greek prefix:proto-
   Number of musicians:solo
   Number of years:year

Pronunciation

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the R may be dropped even by rhotic speakers, as the cluster /rsʈ/ is harder to pronounce than just /sʈ/.

Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishfirst,furst,ferst,fyrst, fromOld Englishfyrest, fromProto-West Germanic*furist, fromProto-Germanic*furistaz(“foremost, first”), superlative ofProto-Germanic*fur,*fura,*furi(“before”), fromProto-Indo-European*per-,*pero-(“forward, beyond, around”), equivalent tofore +‎-est.

Cognate withNorth Frisianfoarste(“first”),Dutchvoorste(“foremost, first”),GermanFürst(“chief, prince”, literally“first (born)”),Swedishförst(“first”),Norwegian Nynorskfyrst(“first”),Icelandicfyrstur(“first”).

Other cognates includeSanskritपूर्व(pūrva,“first”) andRussianпервый(pervyj).

Alternative forms

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Adjective

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first (nocomparative,superlativefirstmost)

  1. Preceding all others of a series or kind; the ordinal of one;earliest.
    Hancock wasfirst to arrive.
    Thefirst day of September 2013 was a Sunday.
    I was thefirst runner to reach the finish line, and won the race.
    • 1897 December (indicated as1898),Winston Churchill, chapter II, inThe Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.:The Macmillan Company; London:Macmillan & Co., Ltd.,→OCLC:
      Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for thefirst time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke. He was dressed out in broad gaiters and bright tweeds, like an English tourist, and his face might have belonged to Dagon, idol of the Philistines.
    • 2013 August 3, “Yesterday’s fuel”, inThe Economist‎[2], volume408, number8847, archived fromthe original on19 August 2022:
      The dawn of the oil age was fairly recent. Although the stuff was used to waterproof boats in the Middle East 6,000 years ago, extracting it in earnest began only in 1859 after an oil strike in Pennsylvania. Thefirst barrels of crude fetched $18 (around $450 at today’s prices).
    • 2022, “2023 Laws of Chess”, inFIDE‎[3], page21:
      Consequently, in the initial position the white pieces and pawns are placed on thefirst and second ranks; the black pieces and pawns on the eighth and seventh ranks.
  2. Most eminent or exalted; most excellent; chief; highest.
    Demosthenes was thefirst orator of Greece.
    thefirst violinist
    • 1784: William Jones,The Description and Use of a New Portable Orrery, &c.,PREFACE
      THE favourable reception the Orrery has met with from Perſons of thefirſt diſtinction, and from Gentlemen and Ladies in general, has induced me to add to it ſeveral new improvements in order to give it a degree of Perfection; and diſtinguiſh it from others; which by Piracy, or Imitation, may be introduced to the Public.
    • 1880, S. W. Silver,Handbook for Australia & New Zealand, Co, page146:
      It rose to be thefirst of pastoral regions, and continued until after the gold discovery to be the land of squatterdom.
    • 1916 September 11, Anne Rittenhouse, “Dress: One-piece Frocks of Satin in Neutral Colors, With Bits of Colored Embroidery”, inThe Journal and Tribune, volume30, number235, Knoxville, Tenn., page 6:
      The French openings decided that satin gowns, suits, wraps and even hats were to be infirst fashion this autumn.
  3. Of or belonging to afirst family.
    First Cat;First Daughter;First Dog;First Son
  4. Coming right after thezeroth in things that usezero-based numbering.
Related terms
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Translations
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numeral first—see also1st

Adverb

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first (notcomparable)

  1. Before anything else;firstly.
    Clean the sinkfirst, before you even think of starting to cook.
    I plunged nosefirst into the water.
    • 1913,Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter VIII, inMr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y.; London:D[aniel] Appleton and Company,→OCLC:
      That concertina was a wonder in its way. The handles that was on itfirst was wore out long ago, and he'd made new ones of braided rope yarn. And the bellows was patched in more places than a cranberry picker's overalls.
    • 2013 June 29, “Unspontaneous combustion”, inThe Economist‎[4], volume407, number8842, archived fromthe original on11 March 2023, page29:
      Since the mid-1980s, when Indonesiafirst began to clear its bountiful forests on an industrial scale in favour of lucrative palm-oil plantations, “haze” has become an almost annual occurrence in South-East Asia.
  2. For the first time.
    Ifirst witnessed a death when I was nine years old.
  3. (Southeast Asia, Hong Kong, nonstandard)Now.[2](Can weverify(+) this sense?)
Synonyms
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Translations
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before anything else

Noun

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first (countable anduncountable,pluralfirsts)

  1. (uncountable) The person or thing in the first position.
    He was thefirst to complete the course.
    • 1699,William Temple,Heads designed for an essay on conversations‎[5]:
      Study gives strength to the mind; conversation, grace: thefirst apt to give stiffness, the other suppleness: one gives substance and form to the statue, the other polishes it.
  2. (uncountable) Thefirst gear of an engine.
  3. (countable) Something that has never happened before; a new occurrence.
    This is afirst. For once he has nothing to say.
    • 2020, Jim Pace,Should We Fire God?:
      I remember otherfirsts: how I wussily asked her out the first time, and the first time I told her I loved her.
  4. (countable, baseball)first base
    There was a close play atfirst.
  5. (countable, British, colloquial) Afirst-classhonours degree.
    • 2004, William H. Cropper,Great Physicists, page454:
      [Stephen Hawking][…] would go to Cambridge, he said, if they gave him afirst, and stay at Oxford if they gave him a second. He got afirst.
  6. (countable, colloquial) A first-editioncopy of some publication.
  7. (in combination) A fraction whose (integer) denominator ends in the digit 1.
    one forty-first of the estate
Translations
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person or thing in the first position
first gear—seefirst gear
new occurrence
baseball: first base—seefirst base
UK colloquial: first-class honours degree
colloquial: a first-edition copy
fraction of an integer ending in one

Verb

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first (third-person singular simple presentfirsts,present participlefirsting,simple past and past participlefirsted)

  1. (rare) To propose (a new motion) in a meeting, which must subsequently be seconded.
    • 1828,Diary of Thomas Burton, Esq. Member in the Parliaments of Oliver and Richard Cromwell, from 1656 to 1659: […], volume I, London:Henry Colburn, […],page290:
      This motion has beenfirsted and seconded. I desire to third it.
    • 1920,Rural Manhood, volume11,page241, column 1:
      Sure—er—well, the motion wasfirsted andseconded that we kick ’em out;[…]
    • 1922,Grace Livingston Hill,The City of Fire, New York, N.Y.:Grosset & Dunlap,page139:
      Sure, Brother Severn, I second that motion. If you hadn’t got ahead of me I’d havefirsted it myself.

Derived terms

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Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, or nounfirst

See also

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Etymology 2

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FromMiddle Englishfirst,furst,fyrst, fromOld Englishfyrst,fierst,first(“period, space of time, time, respite, truce”), fromProto-Germanic*frestaz,*fristiz,*frestą(“date, appointed time”), fromProto-Indo-European*pres-,*per-(“forward, forth, over, beyond”). Cognate withNorth Frisianferst,frest(“period, time”),GermanFrist(“period, deadline, term”),Swedishfrist(“deadline, respite, reprieve, time-limit”),Icelandicfrestur(“period”). See alsofrist.

Noun

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first (pluralfirsts)

  1. (obsolete)Time; time granted;respite.

References

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  • “first”, inOneLook Dictionary Search.
  1. ^Dobson, E[ric] J. (1957),English pronunciation 1500-1700‎[1], second edition, volume II: Phonology,Oxford:Clarendon Press, published1968,→OCLC,§ 82,page572.
  2. ^Nury Vittachi (2002), “From Yinglish to sado-mastication”, in Kingsley Bolton, editor,Hong Kong English: Autonomy and Creativity, Hong Kong University Press, page213: “Another word with what is apparently a direct translation is the word 'first', which is 'sin' in Cantonese. The two words do seem to have largely identical meanings, except 'sin' also carries the meaning 'now'.”

Anagrams

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Middle English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromOld Englishfyrest, fromProto-West Germanic*furist, fromProto-Germanic*furistaz.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /first/,/furst/,/fɛrst/

Adjective

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first

  1. first

Descendants

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References

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Old English

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Noun

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first m

  1. alternative form offierst

Scots

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Scots numbers(edit)
10
12  → 10  → 
   Cardinal:ane
   Attributive:ae
   Ordinal:first

Etymology

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Inherited fromMiddle Englishfirst, fromOld Englishfyrest, fromProto-West Germanic*furist, fromProto-Germanic*furistaz.

Adjective

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first

  1. first

References

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