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firm

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Firm.

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromItalianfirma(signature), fromfirmare(to sign), fromLatinfirmāre(to make firm, to confirm (by signature)), fromfirmus(firm, stable). The contemporary sense developed in the 18th century simultaneously withGermanFirma(business, name of business). There are conflicting statements in the literature as to which of the two languages influenced which.Doublet ofdharma anddhamma. Other cognates includeRussianдержать(deržatʹ,to hold).

Noun

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firm (pluralfirms)

  1. (UK, business) Abusinesspartnership; the name under which ittrades.
  2. (business, economics) A businessenterprise, however organized.
    Synonyms:seeThesaurus:enterprise
    • 2013 June 1, “End of the peer show”, inThe Economist, volume407, number8838, page71:
      Finance is seldom romantic. But the idea of peer-to-peer lending comes close. This is an industry that brings together individual savers and lenders on online platforms.[]Banks and credit-cardfirms are kept out of the picture. Talk to enough people in the field and someone is bound to mention the “democratisation of finance”.
  3. (slang) Acriminalgang, especially based aroundfootball hooliganism.
Derived terms
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Translations
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business partnership
business enterprise, however organized
criminal gang
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Etymology 2

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FromMiddle Englishferme, fromOld Frenchferme, fromLatinfirmus(strong, steady).Doublet ofdharma.

Adjective

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firm (comparativefirmer,superlativefirmest)

  1. Steadfast,secure,solid (in position)
    It's good to have afirm grip when shaking hands.
  2. Fixed (in opinion).
    afirm believer; afirm friend; afirm adherent
    firm favourites
    • 2012 May 9, John Percy, “Birmingham City 2 Blackpool 2 (2-3 on agg): match report”, inthe Telegraph[1]:
      With such constant off-field turmoilHughton’s work has been remarkable and this may have been his last game in charge.West Bromwich Albion, searching for a replacement forRoy Hodgson, arefirm admirers.
  3. Insistent upon something, not acceptingdissent.
    He wanted to stay overnight, but I wasfirm with him and said he had to leave today.
  4. Durable,rigid (material state).
    firm flesh;firm muscles,firm wood;firm land (i.e. not soft and marshy)
  5. Mentallyresistant tohurt orstress.
  6. Notfrivolous orfallacious;trustworthy;solid;dependable.
    • 1988 April 23, Elizabeth Pincus, “Moving To Meet The Needs Of Women In The Age Of AIDS”, inGay Community News, page 7:
      Although facilitators of the workshop for lesbians and bisexual women attempted to address the concerns of lesbians, littlefirm information emerged.
    • 1999, Lucinda Dirven,The Palmyrenes of Dura-Europos:
      None of the Aramaic inscriptions from the Hellenistic and Roman period that are cited in support of this hypothesis that divine messengers are identified with their sender provide anyfirm proof to this respect.
Derived terms
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Translations
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steadfast, secure (position)
fixed (in opinions)
solid, rigid (material state)
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Adverb

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firm (comparativemorefirm,superlativemostfirm)

  1. (now rare)firmly,steadily
Translations
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firmlyseefirmly

Etymology 3

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FromMiddle Englishfermen(to make firm), partly from (either throughOld Frenchfermer or directly)Latinfirmō, fromfirmus(firm,adjective), and partly a new formation onthe adjective.[1]

Verb

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firm (third-person singular simple presentfirms,present participlefirming,simple past and past participlefirmed)

  1. (transitive) To make firm or strong;fix securely.
    • 2022 September 22, Harriet Alexander, “‘I’ve nothing to lose’: Dying whistleblower sued by ClubsNSW”, inSydney Morning Herald[2]:
      Stolz said the move by ClubsNSW had onlyfirmed his resolve to keep fighting for the right to disclose information in the public interest about money laundering in registered clubs.
  2. (transitive) To make compact or resistant to pressure;solidify.
  3. (intransitive) To become firm;stabilise.
  4. (intransitive) To improve after decline.
  5. (intransitive, Australia) Toshorten (of betting odds).
  6. (transitive, colloquial) Togrit one's teeth andbear; topush through something unpleasant.
    I know you aren't feeling well, but justfirm it.
  7. (transitive, UK, slang) Toselect (ahigher educationinstitution) as one's preferred choice, so as toenrol automatically if one'sgrades match theconditionaloffer.
Derived terms
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Translations
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to make firm or strong
to fix securely
to solidify
to become firm
to improve after decline

References

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  1. ^James A. H. Murrayet al., editors (1884–1928), “Firm (fə̄ɹm),v.”, inA New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), volume IV (F–G), London:Clarendon Press,→OCLC,page248, column 3.

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Chinese

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Etymology 1

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FromEnglishfirm.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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firm(Hong Kong Cantonese)

  1. (of muscles)firm;strong;solid
  2. firm;insistent
  3. (neologism)awesome;fantastic;amazing;terrific
  4. (neologism, of relationship between friends)close;intimate
Derived terms
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Noun

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firm

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese)firm;business(Classifier:c)

Etymology 2

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Clipping ofEnglishconfirm.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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firm

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) toconfirm; tofinalize

Adjective

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firm

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese)sure;certain
Derived terms
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References

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German

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromLatinfirmus.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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firm (strong nominative masculine singularfirmer,comparativefirmer,superlativeamfirmsten)

  1. (somewhat dated)experienced, wellversed
    Synonyms:erfahren,bewandert
    • 1976 March 12, Heidi Dürr, “Kunstkenner per Post?”, inDie Zeit[9]:
      Er, der—laut Prospekt—wie alle Mitarbeiter “eine hohe fachliche Qualifikation” aufweist und die Gewähr dafür bietet, “daß Sie Ihr Studienziel erreichen, ein Kenner antiker Gegenstände zu werden”, ist nach eigener Aussage lediglich Fachmann für Malerei und Graphik. Auf anderen Gebieten sei er gar “nicht sofirm”.
      (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)

Declension

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Positive forms offirm
number & gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuter
predicativeeristfirmsieistfirmesistfirmsiesindfirm
strong declension
(without article)
nominativefirmerfirmefirmesfirme
genitivefirmenfirmerfirmenfirmer
dativefirmemfirmerfirmemfirmen
accusativefirmenfirmefirmesfirme
weak declension
(with definite article)
nominativederfirmediefirmedasfirmediefirmen
genitivedesfirmenderfirmendesfirmenderfirmen
dativedemfirmenderfirmendemfirmendenfirmen
accusativedenfirmendiefirmedasfirmediefirmen
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)
nominativeeinfirmereinefirmeeinfirmes(keine)firmen
genitiveeinesfirmeneinerfirmeneinesfirmen(keiner)firmen
dativeeinemfirmeneinerfirmeneinemfirmen(keinen)firmen
accusativeeinenfirmeneinefirmeeinfirmes(keine)firmen
Comparative forms offirm
number & gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuter
predicativeeristfirmersieistfirmeresistfirmersiesindfirmer
strong declension
(without article)
nominativefirmererfirmerefirmeresfirmere
genitivefirmerenfirmererfirmerenfirmerer
dativefirmeremfirmererfirmeremfirmeren
accusativefirmerenfirmerefirmeresfirmere
weak declension
(with definite article)
nominativederfirmerediefirmeredasfirmerediefirmeren
genitivedesfirmerenderfirmerendesfirmerenderfirmeren
dativedemfirmerenderfirmerendemfirmerendenfirmeren
accusativedenfirmerendiefirmeredasfirmerediefirmeren
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)
nominativeeinfirmerereinefirmereeinfirmeres(keine)firmeren
genitiveeinesfirmereneinerfirmereneinesfirmeren(keiner)firmeren
dativeeinemfirmereneinerfirmereneinemfirmeren(keinen)firmeren
accusativeeinenfirmereneinefirmereeinfirmeres(keine)firmeren
Superlative forms offirm
number & gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuter
predicativeeristamfirmstensieistamfirmstenesistamfirmstensiesindamfirmsten
strong declension
(without article)
nominativefirmsterfirmstefirmstesfirmste
genitivefirmstenfirmsterfirmstenfirmster
dativefirmstemfirmsterfirmstemfirmsten
accusativefirmstenfirmstefirmstesfirmste
weak declension
(with definite article)
nominativederfirmstediefirmstedasfirmstediefirmsten
genitivedesfirmstenderfirmstendesfirmstenderfirmsten
dativedemfirmstenderfirmstendemfirmstendenfirmsten
accusativedenfirmstendiefirmstedasfirmstediefirmsten
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)
nominativeeinfirmstereinefirmsteeinfirmstes(keine)firmsten
genitiveeinesfirmsteneinerfirmsteneinesfirmsten(keiner)firmsten
dativeeinemfirmsteneinerfirmsteneinemfirmsten(keinen)firmsten
accusativeeinenfirmsteneinefirmsteeinfirmstes(keine)firmsten

Related terms

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Further reading

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  • firm” inDuden online
  • firm” inDigitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Polish

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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firm f

  1. genitiveplural offirma

Zoogocho Zapotec

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed fromSpanishfirma.

Noun

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firm

  1. signature
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Borrowed fromSpanishfirme.

Adjective

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firm

  1. firm,fixed

References

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  • Long C., Rebecca, Cruz M., Sofronio (2000)Diccionario zapoteco de San Bartolomé Zoogocho, Oaxaca (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”;38)‎[10] (in Spanish), second electronic edition, Coyoacán, D.F.:Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page220
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