Inherited fromOld Frenchfermer(“to close”),Latinfirmāre(“make firm, confirm”).
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fermer
| infinitive | simple | fermer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle orgerund1 | simple | fermant /fɛʁ.mɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | fermé /fɛʁ.me/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | ferme /fɛʁm/ | fermes /fɛʁm/ | ferme /fɛʁm/ | fermons /fɛʁ.mɔ̃/ | fermez /fɛʁ.me/ | ferment /fɛʁm/ |
| imperfect | fermais /fɛʁ.mɛ/ | fermais /fɛʁ.mɛ/ | fermait /fɛʁ.mɛ/ | fermions /fɛʁ.mjɔ̃/ | fermiez /fɛʁ.mje/ | fermaient /fɛʁ.mɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | fermai /fɛʁ.me/ | fermas /fɛʁ.ma/ | ferma /fɛʁ.ma/ | fermâmes /fɛʁ.mam/ | fermâtes /fɛʁ.mat/ | fermèrent /fɛʁ.mɛʁ/ | |
| future | fermerai /fɛʁ.mə.ʁe/ | fermeras /fɛʁ.mə.ʁa/ | fermera /fɛʁ.mə.ʁa/ | fermerons /fɛʁ.mə.ʁɔ̃/ | fermerez /fɛʁ.mə.ʁe/ | fermeront /fɛʁ.mə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | fermerais /fɛʁ.mə.ʁɛ/ | fermerais /fɛʁ.mə.ʁɛ/ | fermerait /fɛʁ.mə.ʁɛ/ | fermerions /fɛʁ.mə.ʁjɔ̃/ | fermeriez /fɛʁ.mə.ʁje/ | fermeraient /fɛʁ.mə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative ofavoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | ferme /fɛʁm/ | fermes /fɛʁm/ | ferme /fɛʁm/ | fermions /fɛʁ.mjɔ̃/ | fermiez /fɛʁ.mje/ | ferment /fɛʁm/ |
| imperfect2 | fermasse /fɛʁ.mas/ | fermasses /fɛʁ.mas/ | fermât /fɛʁ.ma/ | fermassions /fɛʁ.ma.sjɔ̃/ | fermassiez /fɛʁ.ma.sje/ | fermassent /fɛʁ.mas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive ofavoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | ferme /fɛʁm/ | — | fermons /fɛʁ.mɔ̃/ | fermez /fɛʁ.me/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative ofavoir + past participle | — | simple imperative ofavoir + past participle | simple imperative ofavoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the prepositionen. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995],Master the Basics: French, pp.77,78,79,81). | |||||||
FromLatinfirmāre(“to make firm, to confirm”).
fermer
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in-er. The forms that would normally end in *-rms, *-rmt are modified tors,rt. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | fermer | avoirfermé | |||||
| gerund | enfermant | gerund ofavoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | fermant | ||||||
| past participle | fermé | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses | present | ferm | fermes | ferme | fermons | fermez | ferment |
| imperfect | fermoie,fermeie,fermoe,fermeve | fermoies,fermeies,fermoes,fermeves | fermoit,fermeit,fermot,fermeve | fermiiens,fermiens | fermiiez,fermiez | fermoient,fermeient,fermoent,fermevent | |
| preterite | fermai | fermas | ferma | fermames | fermastes | fermerent | |
| future | fermerai | fermeras | fermera | fermerons | fermeroiz,fermereiz,fermerez | fermeront | |
| conditional | fermeroie,fermereie | fermeroies,fermereies | fermeroit,fermereit | fermeriiens,fermeriens | fermeriiez,fermeriez | fermeroient,fermereient | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | present tense ofavoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses | present | ferm | fers | fert | fermons | fermez | ferment |
| imperfect | fermasse | fermasses | fermast | fermissons,fermissiens | fermissoiz,fermissez,fermissiez | fermassent | |
| compound tenses | past | present subjunctive ofavoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | ferme | — | fermons | fermez | — | ||
FromMiddle Englishfermour; compareEnglishfarmer.
fermer (pluralfermers)
