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fatwa

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Fatwaandfatwą

English

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WOTD – 17 June 2024

Etymology

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Thenoun isborrowed fromArabicفَتْوَى(fatwā,formal legal opinion), theverbal noun ofأَفْتَى(ʔaftā,to deliver a formal opinion) (whenceمُفْتٍ(muftin,mufti), theactiveparticiple of the same verb: seemufti).[1]

The formsfetwa,fetwah are derived fromItalianfetfà(obsolete), and directly from itsetymonOttoman Turkishفتوی(fetva) (modernTurkishfetva), fromArabicفَتْوَى(fatwā): see above.[1]

Modern uses of nounsense 1.2 (“decree that a person should be put to death”) and the corresponding verb sense are probably influenced by the issuance of a fatwa on 14 February 1989 by theAyatollahRuhollah Khomeini (1900 or 1902 – 1989), the Supreme Leader of Iran, calling for the British-American authorSalman Rushdie (born 1947) and his publishers to be put to death for alleged blasphemy in his novelThe Satanic Verses (1988).[1]

Theplural formfatawa is borrowed fromArabicفَتَاوَى(fatāwā).

Theverb is derived from the noun.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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fatwa (pluralfatwasor(rare)fatawa)

  1. (Islam)
    1. Aformallegaldecree,opinion, orrulingissued by amufti or otherIslamicjudicialauthority.
      The website containsfatwas on points of Islamic law that arise in court cases.
      • 2021 October 4, Reuters, “Lars Vilks, Swedish cartoonist who depicted Mohammed, killed in car crash”, inCNN[1]:
        In 2015, one person was killed in Copenhagen at a meeting meant to mark the 25th anniversary of an Iranianfatwa against British writer Salman Rushdie, which Vilks attended.
    2. (by extension, loosely, proscribed) A decree issued by a mufti or other Islamic judicial authority that aperson should beput to death, usually aspunishment forcommittingapostasy orblasphemy.
  2. (religion, by extension) A formal decree or ruling, orstatement, issued by an authority of areligion other thanIslam.
  3. (figurative, informal) Anemphatic decree or opinion, especially one whichcondemns orcriticizes.

Alternative forms

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Translations

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formal ruling issued by an Islamic judicial authority
loosely: similar ruling issued by an authority of a religion other than Islam
  • Finnish:fatwa (fi)
  • Macedonian:please add this translation if you can
emphatic decree or opinion, especially one which condemns or criticizesseecondemnation,‎criticism

Verb

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fatwa (third-person singular simple presentfatwas,present participlefatwaing,simple past and past participlefatwaed)

  1. (transitive, rare) Toissue afatwa(nounsense 1) against (someone); specifically(loosely, erroneous), a fatwaimposing aban or adeath sentence.
    • 1999, Mary Anne Weaver, “Life in the Alleys”, inA Portrait of Egypt: A Journey through the World of Militant Islam, New York, N.Y.:Farrar, Straus and Giroux,→ISBN,page141:
      Unlike many writers and artists, Chahine had not beenfatwaed by the militants, but he felt threatened nevertheless.
    • 2002,South Asia Politics, volume 1, New Delhi: Rashtriya Jagriti Sansthan,→OCLC, page30, column 2:
      One wonders why these terrorists are notfatwaed.
    • 2013 April 15, Katie Van Syckle, “Q&A:Salman Rushdie Talks ‘Midnight’s Children,’ Other Projects”, inRolling Stone[2], New York, N.Y.:Penske Media Corporation,→ISSN,→OCLC, archived fromthe original on2024-06-12:
      'I'm just beginning one,' says famously-fatwaed author of new novel[subtitle]
      An adjective use.
    • 2015, Mohamed Gibril Sesay, “The Youth of Paradise”, inThis Side of Nothingness [] (Sierra Leonean Writers Series), Freetown, Sierra Leone: Karantha Publishers,→ISBN,page186:
      AskSalman Rushdie. He wasfatwaed for linking facts and fiction in ways that the mullahs say they should not be linked.

Translations

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to issue a fatwa against (someone)

References

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  1. 1.01.11.2fatwa,n.”, inOED OnlinePaid subscription required, Oxford:Oxford University Press,July 2023;fatwa,n.”, inLexico,Dictionary.com;Oxford University Press,2019–2022.

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Danish

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DanishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediada

Etymology

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FromArabicفَتْوَى(fatwā,formal legal opinion), the verbal noun ofأَفْتَى(ʔaftā,to deliver a formal opinion).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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fatwa c

  1. (Islam)fatwa(legal opinion issued by a mufti)

Declension

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Declension offatwa
common
gender
singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativefatwafatwaenfatwaerfatwaerne
genitivefatwasfatwaensfatwaersfatwaernes

Related terms

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Finnish

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Etymology

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Arabicفَتْوَى(fatwā,formal legal opinion)

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈfɑtwɑ/,[ˈfɑ̝t̪wɑ̝]
  • IPA(key): /ˈfɑtʋɑ/,[ˈfɑ̝t̪ʋɑ̝]
  • Rhymes:-ɑtwɑ
  • Hyphenation(key):fat‧wa

Noun

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fatwa

  1. (Islam)fatwa

Declension

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Inflection offatwa (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominativefatwafatwat
genitivefatwanfatwojen
partitivefatwaafatwoja
illativefatwaanfatwoihin
singularplural
nominativefatwafatwat
accusativenom.fatwafatwat
gen.fatwan
genitivefatwanfatwojen
fatwainrare
partitivefatwaafatwoja
inessivefatwassafatwoissa
elativefatwastafatwoista
illativefatwaanfatwoihin
adessivefatwallafatwoilla
ablativefatwaltafatwoilta
allativefatwallefatwoille
essivefatwanafatwoina
translativefatwaksifatwoiksi
abessivefatwattafatwoitta
instructivefatwoin
comitativeSee the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms offatwa(Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singularplural
nominativefatwanifatwani
accusativenom.fatwanifatwani
gen.fatwani
genitivefatwanifatwojeni
fatwainirare
partitivefatwaanifatwojani
inessivefatwassanifatwoissani
elativefatwastanifatwoistani
illativefatwaanifatwoihini
adessivefatwallanifatwoillani
ablativefatwaltanifatwoiltani
allativefatwallenifatwoilleni
essivefatwananifatwoinani
translativefatwaksenifatwoikseni
abessivefatwattanifatwoittani
instructive
comitativefatwoineni
second-person singular possessor
singularplural
nominativefatwasifatwasi
accusativenom.fatwasifatwasi
gen.fatwasi
genitivefatwasifatwojesi
fatwaisirare
partitivefatwaasifatwojasi
inessivefatwassasifatwoissasi
elativefatwastasifatwoistasi
illativefatwaasifatwoihisi
adessivefatwallasifatwoillasi
ablativefatwaltasifatwoiltasi
allativefatwallesifatwoillesi
essivefatwanasifatwoinasi
translativefatwaksesifatwoiksesi
abessivefatwattasifatwoittasi
instructive
comitativefatwoinesi

French

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FrenchWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediafr

Etymology

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Borrowed fromArabicفَتْوَى(fatwā,formal legal opinion), the verbal noun ofأَفْتَى(ʔaftā,to deliver a formal opinion).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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fatwa f (pluralfatwas)

  1. (Islam)fatwa(legal opinion issued by a mufti)

Related terms

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Indonesian

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IndonesianWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediaid

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromArabicفَتْوَى(fatwā,formal legal opinion), the verbal noun ofأَفْتَى(ʔaftā,to deliver a formal opinion).Doublet ofpetuah.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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fatwa (pluralfatwa-fatwa)

  1. fatwa(legal opinion issued by a mufti)
    Synonym:petuah
  2. (figurative)advice fromelder orpious people

Related terms

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Further reading

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Italian

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ItalianWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediait

Etymology

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Borrowed fromArabicفَتْوَى(fatwā,formal legal opinion), the verbal noun ofأَفْتَى(ʔaftā,to deliver a formal opinion).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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fatwa f (invariable)

  1. (Islam)fatwa(legal opinion issued by a mufti)

Related terms

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Malay

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Etymology

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FromArabicفَتْوَى(fatwā,formal legal opinion), the verbal noun ofأَفْتَى(ʔaftā,to deliver a formal opinion).Doublet ofpetua.

Pronunciation

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MalayWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediams

Noun

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fatwa (Jawi spellingفتوى,pluralfatwa-fatwa,informal 1st possessivefatwaku,2nd possessivefatwamu,3rd possessivefatwanya)

  1. (Islam)fatwa(legal opinion issued by a mufti)

Related terms

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Further reading

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Polish

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PolishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediapl

Etymology

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Borrowed fromArabicفَتْوَى(fatwā).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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fatwa f

  1. (Islam)fatwa(legal opinion issued by a mufti)

Declension

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Declension offatwa
singularplural
nominativefatwafatwy
genitivefatwyfatw
dativefatwiefatwom
accusativefatwęfatwy
instrumentalfatwąfatwami
locativefatwiefatwach
vocativefatwofatwy

Related terms

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noun

Further reading

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  • fatwa inWielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • fatwa in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

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Pronunciation

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  • (Brazil)IPA(key): /ˈfa.tu.ɐ/[ˈfa.tʊ.ɐ],(faster pronunciation)/ˈfa.twɐ/
  • (Brazil)IPA(key): /ˈfa.tu.ɐ/[ˈfa.tʊ.ɐ],(faster pronunciation)/ˈfa.twɐ/
    • (Southern Brazil)IPA(key): /ˈfa.tu.a/[ˈfa.tʊ.a],(faster pronunciation)/ˈfa.twa/

Noun

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fatwa f (pluralfatwas)

  1. Alternative form offátua

Spanish

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Noun

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fatwa f (pluralfatwas)

  1. Alternative spelling offatua
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