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fall

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Fall,fäll,andfæll

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology 1

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Verb fromMiddle Englishfallen, fromOld Englishfeallan(to fall, fail, decay, die, attack), fromProto-West Germanic*fallan(to fall), fromProto-Germanic*fallaną(to fall).

Cognate withWest Frisianfalle(to fall),Low Germanfallen(to fall),Dutchvallen(to fall),Germanfallen(to fall),Danishfalde(to fall),Norwegian Bokmålfalle(to fall),Norwegian Nynorskfalla(to fall),Icelandicfalla(to fall),Lithuanianpùlti(to attack, rush).

Noun fromMiddle Englishfal,fall,falle, fromOld Englishfeall,ġefeall(a falling, fall) andOld Englishfealle(trap, snare), fromProto-Germanic*fallą,*fallaz(a fall, trap). Cognate withDutchval,GermanFall(fall) andGermanFalle(trap, snare),Danishfald,Swedishfall,Icelandicfall.

Sense of "autumn" is attested by the 1660s inEngland as a shortening offall of the leaf (1540s), from the falling of leaves during this season. Along withautumn, it mostly replaced the older nameharvest as that name began to be associated strictly with the act of harvesting. Comparespring, which began as a shortening of “spring of the leaf”.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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fall (third-person singular simple presentfalls,present participlefalling,simple pastfell,past participlefallen)

A sign warning about the danger offalling rocks.
  1. (heading, intransitive)To be moved downwards.
    1. To move to a lower position under the effect ofgravity.
      Thrown from a cliff, the stonefell 100 feet before hitting the ground.
      Ifell unconscious on the floor.
    2. To come down, todrop ordescend.
      The rainfell at dawn.
      • 1920,Herman Cyril McNeile, chapter 1, inBulldog Drummond:
        Her eyesfell on the table, and she advanced into the room wiping her hands on her apron.
      • 2018 June 13, Rory Smith, “IQ scores are falling and have been for decades, new study finds”, inCNN[2]:
        The study not only showed IQ variance between children the same parents, but because the authors had the IQ scores of various parents, it demonstrated that parents with higher IQs tended to have more kids, ruling out the dysgenic fertility theory as a driver offalling IQ scores and highlighting the role of environmental factors instead.
    3. To come as if by dropping down.
      • 1898, William Le Queux,Whoso Findeth a Wife, page256:
        Once or twice a noisefell upon his quick ear, and we halted, he standing revolver in hand in an attitude of defense. Each time, however, we ascertained that we had no occasion for alarm, the noise being made by some animal or bird  ...
      • 1904, Bram Stoker,The Jewel of Seven Stars, page248:
        And then a sudden calmfell on us like a cloud of fear. There! on the table, lay the Jewel of Seven Stars, shining and sparkling with lurid light, as though each of the seven points of each of the seven stars gleamed through blood!
      • 1971, Henry Raup Wagner,Spanish Explorations in the Strait of Juan de Fuca:
        Shortly afterwards a breeze came up from the N [] dark clouds closing in over everything. At 3 in the afternoon the breeze came up from the S with a thick drizzle. Thus nightfell, and thus we passed the rest of it.
      • 1981, Dan Kirby,Schreiber's Choice, Ace Books,→ISBN:
        The horse wrangler, a tall, bronzed-face man, waved to the wagon driver. The driver laughed.[] The canvas cover rolled up suddenly and a terrible noisefell over the desert.
    4. To come to the grounddeliberately, toprostrate oneself.
      Hefell to the floor and begged for mercy.
    5. To be brought to the ground.
  2. (transitive)To move downwards.
    1. (obsolete) To let fall; to drop.
    2. (obsolete) To sink; to depress.
      tofall the voice
    3. (UK, US, dialect, archaic) Tofell; to cut down.
      tofall a tree
  3. (intransitive)To change, often negatively.
    1. (copulative, in idiomatic expressions) Tobecome(chiefly used with negative states).
      Near-synonyms:become,get,go,turn,come,grow,wax
      She hasfallen ill.
      The childrenfell asleep in the back of the car.
      When did you firstfall in love?
      fall silent,fall sick,fall pregnant,fall victim to something
      • 1855 December –1857 June,Charles Dickens, chapter 1, inLittle Dorrit, London:Bradbury and Evans, [], published1857,→OCLC, 1st book (Poverty),page27:
        At length they stood at the corner from which they had begun, and it hadfallen quite dark, and they were no wiser.
      • 1971, Henry Raup Wagner,Spanish Explorations in the Strait of Juan de Fuca:
        Shortly afterwards a breeze came up from the N and then itfell calm, []
    2. (intransitive) Tocollapse; to beoverthrown ordefeated.
      Romefell to the Goths in 410 AD.
    3. (intransitive, formal, euphemistic) Todie, especially inbattle or bydisease.
      This is a monument to all those whofell in the First World War.
    4. (intransitive) To become lower (in quantity, pitch, etc.).
      The candidate's poll ratingsfell abruptly after the banking scandal.
      • 1612,John Davies,Discoverie of the True Causes why Ireland was never entirely subdued:
        The greatness of these Irish lords suddenlyfell and vanished.
      • 1835, SirJohn Ross, SirJames Clark Ross,Narrative of a Second Voyage in Search of a North-west Passage …, Vol.1, pages284–5:
        Towards the following morning, the thermometerfell to 5°; and at daylight, there was not an atom of water to be seen in any direction.
      • 2013 July 20, “Old soldiers?”, inThe Economist, volume408, number8845:
        Whether modern, industrial man is less or more warlike than his hunter-gatherer ancestors is impossible to determine.[]One thing that is true, though, is that murder rates havefallen over the centuries, as policing has spread and the routine carrying of weapons has diminished. Modern society may not have done anything about war. But peace is a lot more peaceful.
  4. Tooccur (on a certain day of the week, date, or similar); tohappen.
    Thanksgiving alwaysfalls on a Thursday.
    Last year, Commencementfell on June 3.
    • 1978, Dwight David Eisenhower, Mamie Doud Eisenhower,Letters to Mamie, Doubleday Books:
      (Thus D-dayfell on June 6 rather than the planned June 5.)
  5. (intransitive) To beallotted to; toarrive throughchance,fate, orinheritance.
    And so itfalls to me to make this important decision.
    The estatefell to his brother.
    The kingdomfell into the hands of his rivals.
  6. (transitive, obsolete) To diminish; to lessen or lower.
    • 1691, [John Locke],Some Considerations of the Consequences of the Lowering of Interest, and Raising the Value of Money. [], London: [] Awnsham and John Churchill, [], published1692,→OCLC:
      Upon lessening interest to four per cent, youfall the price of your native commodities.
  7. (transitive, obsolete) To bring forth.
    tofall lambs
  8. (intransitive, obsolete) To issue forth into life; to be brought forth; said of the young of certain animals.
    • 1672,The Office of the Good House-wife, page27:
      As for Calves newlyfallen, you must leave them with good Litter of fresh Straw until such qime as the Cows have licked and cleansed them,
    • 1805, John Lawrence,A general treatise on cattle, the ox, the sheep, and the swine, etc, page100:
      My intended remarks are on the cords , and wiping dry the newly fallen calf
    • 1869, William Youatt,Sheep: Their Breeds, Management, and Diseases, page382:
      another writer, adopting a similar opinion, affirms that it results from the lambs not being docked at a sufficiently early period; for "sometimes the ewe, in the ardour of her maternal affection, chews away the tail from her newly-fallen lamb, and none of these are afterwards affectd by the sturdy;
    • 1892, United States. Bureau of Animal Industry,Special Report on the History and Present Condition of the Sheep Industry of the United States, page422:
      The newlyfallen lambs are a peculiar sight, as they invariably come spotted or black ; but while the head and legs retain their inky black color, the wool grows out white as with the other Down breeds.
  9. (intransitive) To descend in character or reputation; to become degraded; to sink into vice, error, or sin.
  10. (intransitive) To become ensnared or entrapped; to be worse off than before.
    tofall into error;  tofall into difficulties;  tofall into ruin
  11. (intransitive) To assume a look of shame or disappointment; to become or appear dejected; said of the face.
  12. (intransitive) To happen; to come to pass; to chance or light (upon).
    • 1611,The Holy Bible, [] (King James Version), London: [] Robert Barker, [],→OCLC,Ruth3:18:
      Sit still, my daughter, until thou know how the matter willfall.
    • c.1596–1598 (date written),William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies [] (First Folio), London: [] Isaac Iaggard, andEd[ward] Blount, published1623,→OCLC,[Act I, scene ii]:
      []An the worstfall that everfell, I hope I shall make shift to go without him.
    • 1701, [Jonathan Swift], “Chapter I”, inA Discourse of the Contests and Dissensions between the Nobles and the Commons in Athens and Rome, with the Consequences They Had upon Both Those States, London: [] John Nutt [],→OCLC,page 9:
      []Polybius tells us, the beſt Government is that which conſiſts of three Forms,Regno,Optimatium, &Populi imperio. Which may be fairly Tranſlated, theKings,Lords andCommons.[] theRomansfell upon this Model purely by chance, (which I take to have been Nature and common Reaſon) but theSpartans by Thought and Deſign.
    • 1879,Herbert Spencer,Principles of Sociology Volume II – Part IV:Ceremonial Institutions
      Primitive men [] do not make laws, theyfall into customs.
  13. (intransitive) To begin with haste, ardour, or vehemence; to rush or hurry.
    After arguing, theyfell to blows.
  14. (intransitive) To be dropped or uttered carelessly.
    An unguarded expressionfell from his lips.
  15. (intransitive, of a fabric) Tohang down(under the influence of gravity).
    An Empire-style dress has a high waistline – directly under the bust – from which the dressfalls all the way to a hem as low as the floor.
  16. (intransitive, slang, African-American Vernacular) To visit; to go to a place.
    We'llfall over to the club tonight.
Quotations
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Synonyms
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Antonyms
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Coordinate terms
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Derived terms
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Translations
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move to a lower position under the effect of gravity
come down or descend
prostrate oneself
be brought to earth or be overthrown
collapse; be overthrown or defeated
die
be allotted to
become or change into
10. (intransitive) to become ensnared or entrapped; to be worse off than beforesee alsolapse
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Noun

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fall (countable anduncountable,pluralfalls)

Fall (season) in the United States
  1. The act of moving to alower position under the effect of gravity.
    thefall of the snow
    thefall of the water
    thefall of the leaf
  2. A reduction in quantity, pitch, etc.
    • 1908, W[illiam] B[lair] M[orton] Ferguson, chapter I, inZollenstein, New York, N.Y.:D. Appleton & Company,→OCLC:
      “I'm through with all pawn-games,” I laughed. “Come, let us have a game of lansquenet. Either I will take a farewellfall out of you or you will have your sevenfold revenge”.
  3. (chiefly Canada,US, archaic in Britain) The time of the year when theleaves typically fall from the trees;autumn; the season of the year between the autumnalequinox and the wintersolstice.[from 16th c.]
    • 1816, John Pickering,A Vocabulary, or Collection of Words Which Have Been Supposed to Be Peculiar to the United States of America:
      A friend has pointed out to me the following remark on this word: "In North America the season in which this [the fall of the leaf] takes place, derives its name from that circumstance, and instead of autumn is universally called thefall." [brackets in original]
  4. Aloss ofgreatness orstatus.
    thefall of Rome
  5. That which falls or cascades.
    • 2010, Winter Pennington,Witch Wolf:
      Afall of hair tumbled down one side of her body like a veil.
    • 2011, Elizabeth Camden,The Lady of Bolton Hill[3], page162:
      The heat of Daniel's gaze was nearly incendiary as he took in thefall of her hair spilling across her shoulders and down to her elbows.
  6. The height of that which falls or cascades.
  7. (sports) A crucial event or circumstance.
    1. (cricket, of awicket) The action of abatsman beingout.
    2. (curling) A defect in the ice which causesstones thrown into an area todrift in a given direction.
    3. (wrestling) An instance of a wrestler beingpinned to themat.
  8. Ahairpiece for women consisting of long strands of hair on a woven backing, intended primarily to cover hair loss.
    • 2004, Zoe Diana Draelos,Hair Care: An Illustrated Dermatologic Handbook,→ISBN, page202:
      Female patients with localized hair loss on the top of scalp could select afall or a demiwig to camouflage crown and anterior scalp loss.
  9. (informal, US) Blame or punishment for a failure or misdeed.
    He set up his rival to take thefall.
  10. (nautical) The part of the rope of atackle to which thepower is applied inhoisting (usu. plural).
    Have the goodness to secure thefalls of the mizzen halyards.
    • 1919,Joseph Conrad,Typhoon:
      "[...] with one overhauledfall flying and an iron-bound block capering in the air."
  11. An oldScotsunit of measure equal to sixells.
  12. A short, flexible piece ofleather forming part of abullwhip, placed between thethong and thecracker.
    • 1945, Tom Ronan,Strangers on the Ophir, Sydney: Angus and Robertson, page113:
      Brooks fitted a newfall to his whip.
  13. Thelid, on apiano, that covers thekeyboard.
Usage notes
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  • The phrasehave a fall, as opposed tofall over orfall down, is typically reserved for older people for whom a fall is more likely to be a medical emergency. However, this phrase can be considered patronizing by those to whom it is applied.[1][2]
Synonyms
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Antonyms
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  • (antonym(s) ofact of moving to a lower position under the effect of gravity):ascent,rise
  • (antonym(s) ofreduction):increase,rise
  • (antonym(s) ofloss of greatness or status):ascent,rise
Derived terms
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Translations
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act of moving in gas or vacuum under the effect of gravity from a point to a lower point
a period of decline before the end
seasonseeautumn
loss of greatness or status
cricket: the act of a batsman being out
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

See also

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Seasons in English ·seasons(layout ·text) ·category
springsummerautumn,fallwinter

Etymology 2

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Perhaps from the north-eastern Scottish pronunciation ofwhale.

Interjection

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fall

  1. (nautical) The cry given when awhale issighted, orharpooned.

Noun

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fall (pluralfalls)

  1. (nautical) Thechasing of ahuntedwhale.
Derived terms
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References

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  1. ^Williams, Zoe (14 June 2022), “The young fall over, older people ‘have a fall’ – and my stepmother is none too happy about it”, inThe Guardian
  2. ^Harayada, Janice (12 November 2023), “Are We Talking About Falls The Wrong Way?”, inCrow's Feet

Albanian

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromOttoman Turkishفال(fal,fortune-telling), fromArabicفَأْل(faʔl,omen).[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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fall m (pluralfalle,definitefalli,definite pluralfallet)

  1. fortune-telling

Declension

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Declension offall
singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativefallfallifallefallet
accusativefallin
dativefallifallitfallevefalleve
ablativefallesh

Derived terms

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Terms derived from the noun "fall"

References

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  1. ^Topalli, Kolec (2017), “fall”, inFjalor Etimologjik i Gjuhës Shqipe [Etymological Dictionary of the Albanian Language] (in Albanian), Durrës, Albania: Jozef, pages464-465

Further reading

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Breton

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Adjective

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fall

  1. bad

Catalan

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Etymology

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Deverbal fromfallir.

Noun

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fall m (pluralfalls)

  1. cliff

Related terms

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Further reading

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Faroese

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Etymology

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FromOld Norsefall, fromfalla(to fall). The grammatical sense is a calque of Latincasus.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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fall n (genitive singularfals,pluralføll)

  1. fall,drop
  2. case(linguistics)

Declension

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Declension offall (n10)
singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativefallfalliðføllføllini
accusativefallfalliðføllføllini
dativefallifallinumføllumføllunum
genitivefalsfalsinsfallafallanna

German

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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fall

  1. singularimperative offallen
  2. (colloquial)first-personsingularpresent offallen

Icelandic

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IcelandicWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediais

Etymology

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FromOld Norsefall, fromfalla(to fall). The grammatical sense is a calque of Latincasus.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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fall n (genitive singularfalls,nominative pluralföll)

  1. fall,drop
  2. (grammar)case
  3. (computing, programming)function;(subprogram, usually with formal parameters, returning a data value when called)
    Synonym:fallstefja
  4. indefiniteaccusativesingular offall

Declension

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Declension offall (neuter)
singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativefallfalliðföllföllin
accusativefallfalliðföllföllin
dativefallifallinuföllumföllunum
genitivefallsfallsinsfallafallanna

Derived terms

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See also

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Norwegian Bokmål

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Noun

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fall n (definite singularfallet,indefinite pluralfall,definite pluralfallaorfallene)

  1. afall
  2. case
    ifallin case
    i allefallin any case

Derived terms

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Related terms

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Verb

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fall

  1. imperative offalle

References

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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fall n (definite singularfallet,indefinite pluralfall,definite pluralfalla)

  1. afall
  2. case

Derived terms

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Verb

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fall

  1. pasttense offalle
  2. imperative offalle

References

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Old Irish

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Alternative forms

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  • faill(dative for nominative)

Etymology

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FromProto-Celtic*walsā. Cognate toWelshgwall andBretongwall.[1]

Noun

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fall f (genitivefaille,nominative pluralfalla)

  1. neglect

Inflection

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Feminine ā-stem
singulardualplural
nominativefallLfaillLfallaH
vocativefallLfaillLfallaH
accusativefaillNfaillLfallaH
genitivefailleHfallLfallN
dativefaillLfallaibfallaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

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Mutation

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Mutation offall
radicallenitionnasalization
fallḟallfall
pronounced with/β̃-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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  1. ^Stifter, David (2023), “The rise of gemination in Celtic”, inOpen Research Europe[1], volume 3, number24,→DOI

Further reading

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Swedish

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Etymology

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FromOld Norsefall, fromfalla(to fall). The grammatical sense is a calque of Latincasus.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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fall n

  1. afall(the act of falling)
  2. a fall, loss of greatness or wealth, abankruptcy
    Romarriketsuppgång ochfallthe rise andfall of the Roman empire
  3. aslope, awaterfall, the height of a slope or waterfall
    fallet är omgivet av skogthe fall is surrounded by forest
    fallet är sjutton meterthe water falls seventeen metres; the decline is seventeen metres
  4. a (legal)case
    i allafallanyhow (in all cases)
    i annatfallotherwise (in another case)
    i såfallif so (in such a case)
    i vilketfall som helstin any case
    i vartfallin any case

Declension

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Declension offall
nominativegenitive
singularindefinitefallfalls
definitefalletfallets
pluralindefinitefallfalls
definitefallenfallens

Hyponyms

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Derived terms

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Related terms

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Verb

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fall

  1. imperative offalla

References

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