(rail transport, of a train) the place the train originated from or called at prior to the present location.
1885, F. A. Marindin, quoting Arthur Oakes, edited by Henry G. Calcraft,Annual Reports, Returns, Etc[1], Midland Railway - inquiry into the causes of a collision at Swinton station,page96:
When between the station and the junction I was looking to the rear of the train on the near side, thinking it possible that we might receive a signal from the guard to shunt at Swindon junction to allow the 2.27 a.m. fast trainex Derby to pass, but the guard did not give any signal
1921, John Hope Fellows, editor,The Locomotive News and Railway Contractor, Volumes 8-10[2], Locomotive news agency, page34:
The train was the 12.40 p.m.ex Derby on January 14th, 1914
2003 February 11, "Fat Richard", “Re: Chiltern not stopping at Warwick Parkway”, inuk.railway[3] (Usenet), retrieved11 June 2018, message-ID <2a1e76b8-185c-4b27-a8d2-6f3f3331f6cd@dp10g2000vbb.googlegroups.com>:
All trains from start of service up to the 13.57ex Norwich (16.45ex Nottingham) are 4 cars between Nottingham and Liverpool and all East bound trains are 4 cars from Liverpool Lime Street as far as Nottingham.
2016 March 17, Derek Jones, “South East Bus Festival, Detling, 2 April 2016”, inInvicta Newsgroup[4] (Usenet), retrieved11 June 2018, message-ID <CAJ9GgXJNSabs=QsEzzf-tCXQcXPdZyRZgiEtk9J3e8ToRs+ctg@mail.gmail.com>:
The outward timing is: Ashford International railway station (domestic side) *departs at 09.25hrs* (connecting with the 07.32ex Brighton *Marshlink* train and, 08.37ex London St. Pancras International *HS1* train)
ex is always followed by a location and frequently preceded by a time or other identifier of the specific train. The time may be either the time it was scheduled to depart the given location or the time it was scheduled to pass the current location.
(interjection, a kind of prompt while drinking, cf.fenékig; emptying the glass in one go; or with an adverb in a foreign-like construction, such asex has):ex inBárczi, Géza andLászló Országh.A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.:ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992:→ISBN
ex in Nóra Ittzés, editor,A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031(work in progress; publisheda–ez as of 2024).
Multiple Latin names for the letterX,x have been suggested. The most common areix orīx,ex, or asyllabicx, although there is some evidence which also supports such names for the letter asxē andxə.
Arthur E. Gordon,The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 ofUniversity of California Publications: Classical Studies), especially pages 30–31, 42–44, and 63
Sometimes apocopated with compensatory lengthening asē. In cases where the following word begins with a vowel orh, onlyex is used. Besides that, there are no rules for the use of eitherē orex, with both forms even used in the same sentence (e.g."quiex corporum vinculis tamquame carcere evolaverunt”, Cicero, Republic 6, 14).
“ex”, inCharlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879)A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ex”, inCharlton T. Lewis (1891)An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
"ex", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’sGlossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
ex inGaffiot, Félix (1934)Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894)Latin Phrase-Book[5], London:Macmillan and Co.
to stand out of the water:ex aqua exstare
to come to the surface:(se) ex aqua emergere
to draw off water from a river:aquam ex flumine derivare
the Rhine rises in the Alps:Rhenus oritur orprofluit ex Alpibus
the tide is coming in:aestus ex alto se incitat (B. G. 3.12)
to evacuate territory:(ex) finibus excedere
to return from a journey:ex itinere redire
to leave a place:discedere a, de, ex loco aliquo
to leave a place:egredi loco;excedere ex loco
to quit a place for ever:decedere loco, de, ex loco
to dismount:descendere ex equo
the Nile rushes down from very high mountains:Nilus praecipitatex altissimis montibus
to rush out of the house:se proripere ex domo
since the time that, since (at the beginning of a sentence):ex quo tempore or simplyex quo
to wrest from a person's hand:ex orde manibus alicui oralicuius extorquere aliquid
to go out of sight, disappear:abire ex oculis, e conspectu alicuius
a native of England:ortus ab Anglis ororiundus ex Anglis
to leave one's boyhood behind one, become a man:ex pueris excedere
to have the gout:ex pedibus laborare, pedibus aegrum esse
to recover from a disease:ex morbo convalescere (notreconvalescere)
to sleep soundly (from fatigue):arte, graviter dormire (ex lassitudine)
to depart this life:(ex) vita excedere, ex vita abire
to depart this life:de vita exire, de (ex) vita migrare
concatenation, interdependence of causes:rerum causae aliae ex aliis nexae
important results are often produced by trivial causes:ex parvis saepe magnarum rerum momenta pendent
to originate in, arise from:ex aliqua re nasci, manare
to accrue in great abundance:ex aliqua re redundare (in orad aliquid)
untold advantages arise from a thing:utilitas efflorescit ex aliqua re
these things have the same origin:haec ex eodem fonte fluunt, manant
from every point of view; looked at in every light:omni ex parte; in omni genere; omnibus rebus
to a certain extent:aliqua ex parte
to depend upon a thing:pendēre ex aliqua re
to be composed of; to consist of:constare ex aliqua re
it is evident from..:cernitur (in) aliqua re (notex aliqua re)
to let success slip through one's fingers:fortunam ex manibus dimittere
his crowning happiness is produced by a thing; the culminating point of his felicity is..:ad felicitatem (magnus) cumulus accedit ex aliqua re
to rescue from peril:aliquem ex periculo eripere, servare
to raise a man from poverty to wealth:aliquem ex paupere divitem facere
to be of use:usui orex usu esse
to derive (great) profit , advantage from a thing:fructum (uberrimum) capere, percipere, consequi ex aliqua re
(great) advantage accrues to me from this:fructus ex hac re redundant in orad me
to find favour with some one; to get into their good graces:benevolentiam, favorem, voluntatem alicuius sibi conciliare orcolligere (ex aliqua re)
according to a man's deserts:ex, pro merito
as one would wish; to one's mind:ex sententia
I heard him say..:ex eo audivi, cum diceret
to derive pleasure from a thing:voluptatem ex aliqua re capere orpercipere
to recruit oneself, seek relaxation:animum relaxare, reficere, recreare or simplyse reficere, se recreare, refici, recreari (ex aliqua re)
to infer by comparison, judge one thing by another:coniecturam alicuius rei facere orcapere ex aliqua re
to judge others by oneself:de se (ex se de aliis) coniecturam facere
to relieve a man of his scruple:scrupulum ex animo alicuius evellere (Rosc. Am. 2. 6)
according to my strong conviction:ex animi mei sententia (vid. sect. XI. 2)
to put off from one day to another:diem ex die ducere, differre
from memory; by heart:ex memoria (opp.de scripto)
the memory of this will never fade from my mind:numquam ex animo meo memoria illius rei discedet
a thing escapes, vanishes from the memory:aliquid excidit e memoria, effluit, excidit ex animo
to choose one from a large number of instances:ex infinita exemplorum copia unum (pauca) sumere, decerpere (eligere)
to take a lesson from some one's example:sibi exemplum sumere ex aliquo orexemplum capere de aliquo
systematic succession, concatenation:continuatio seriesque rerum, ut alia ex alia nexa et omnes inter se aptae colligataeque sint (N. D. 1. 4. 9)
to derive an argument from a thing:argumentum ducere, sumere ex aliqua re orpetere ab aliqua re
to draw a conclusion from a thing:concludere, colligere, efficere, cogere ex aliqua re
it follows from this that..:sequitur (notex quo seq.)ut
it follows from this that..:ex quo, unde, hinc efficitur ut
to speak extempore:subito, ex tempore (opp.ex praeparato)dicere
there is a flavour of Atticism about his discourse:ex illius orationibus ipsae Athenae redolent
profound sentiments:sententiae reconditae ex exquisitae (Brut. 97. 274)
to read a speech:de scripto orationemhabere, dicere (opp.sine scripto, ex memoria)
to translate from Plato:ab orde (notex)Platone vertere, convertere, transferre
what follows has been translated into Latin from Plato's Phaedo:ex Platonis Phaedone haec in latinum conversa sunt
to extract a word from some one:verbum ex aliquo elicere
no word escaped him:nullum verbum ex ore eius excidit (or simplyei)
to form, derive a word from... (used of the man who first creates the word):vocabulum,verbum, nomen ducere ab, ex...
to make extracts from Cicero's writings:aliquid, multa ex Ciceronis libris excerpere (notexcerpere librum)
to take pleasure in a thing:laetitiam capere orpercipere ex aliqua re
I am pained, vexed, sorry:doleo aliquid, aliqua re, de andex aliqua re
to be vexed about a thing:dolorem capere (percipere) ex aliqua re
to undergo severe trouble, trials:magnum luctum haurire (withoutex-)
to feel sorrow about a thing:luctum percipere ex aliqua re
to recover from one's fright:ex metu se recreare, se colligere
to stifle, repress all humane sentiments in one's mind:omnem humanitatem ex animo exstirpare (Amic. 13. 48)
to love deeply:aliquem ex animo orex animi sententia amare (Q. Fr. 1. 1. 5)
to banish love from one's mind:amorem ex animo eicere
to banish all feeling of prejudice from the mind:suspicionem ex animo delere
to make a person odious, unpopular:invidiam, odium ex-, concitare alicui, in aliquem
to live as scrupulously moral a life as ever:nihil ex pristina virtute remittere
to measure something by the standard of something else; to make something one's criterion:metiri, ponderare, aestimare, iudicare aliquid (ex) aliqua re
to banish devout sentiment from the minds of others:religionem ex animis extrahere (N. D. 1. 43. 121)
I swear on my conscience:ex animi mei sententia iuro
sole heir; heir to three-quarters of the estate:heres ex asse, ex dodrante
heir to two-thirds of the property:heres ex besse
according to my custom:ex consuetudine mea (opp.praeter consuetudinem)
according to traditional usage:ex instituto (Liv. 6. 10. 6)
to have a large income from a thing (e.g. from mines):magnas pecunias ex aliqua re (e.g.ex metallis)facere
the rate of interest has gone up from 4 per cent to 8 per cent:fenus ex triente Id. Quint. factum erat bessibus (Att. 4. 15. 7)
to make profit out of a thing:lucrum facere (opp.damnum facere)ex aliqua re
to get out of debt:ex aere alieno exire
to depose, bring down a person from his elevated position:aliquem ex altissimo dignitatis gradu praecipitare (Dom. 37. 98)
to raise oneself by another's fall:crescere ex aliquo
to profit by the unpopularity of the senate to gain influence oneself:crescere ex invidia senatoria
to use some one's unpopularity as a means of making oneself popular:ex invidia alicuius auram popularem petere (Liv. 22. 26)
owing to political dissension:ex rei publicae dissensione
to banish a person, send him into exile:ex urbe (civitate) expellere, pellere aliquem
to expel a person from the city, country:exterminare (ex) urbe, de civitate aliquem (Mil. 37. 101)
to deliver the state from a tyranny:rem publicam in libertatem vindicare a orex dominatione
the public income from the mines:pecunia publica, quae ex metallis redit
to go to law with a person:(ex) iure, lege agere cum aliquo
justly and equitably:ex aequo et bono (Caecin. 23. 65)
to make a sally, sortie from the town:eruptionem facere ex oppido
to make a sally, sortie from the town:crebras ex oppido excursiones facere (B. G. 2. 30)
to fight on horseback:ex equo pugnare
soldiers routed and dispersed:ex (in) fuga dissipati ordispersi (B. G. 2. 24)
to die of wounds:ex vulnere mori (Fam. 10. 33)
to triumph over some one:triumphare de aliquo (ex bellis)
to triumph over some one:triumphumagere de orex aliquo or c. Gen. (victoriae, pugnae)
according to treaty:ex pacto, ex foedere
the ships sail from the harbour:naves ex portu solvunt
the ships sail out on a fair wind:ventum (tempestatem) nancti idoneum ex portu exeunt
the storm drives some one on an unknown coast:procella (tempestas) aliquem ex alto ad ignotas terras (oras) defert
to land, disembark:exire ex, de navi
much damage was done by this collision:ex eo navium concursu magnum incommodum est acceptum
from this it appears, is apparent:ex quo intellegitur orintellegi potest, debet
from this it appears, is apparent:ex quo perspicuum est
ex inRamminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed))Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700[6], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
“ex”, inWilliam Smith, editor (1854, 1857),A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly
De Vaan, Michiel (2008)Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN,page195f
In many cases this is interchangeable with usingex-; for example, the former governor of a province could be called theex gobernador or theexgobernador.
According to theDRAE, the prefixex- is preferred for single words (excapitán -former captain), whileex is preferred for multiword terms (ex primera dama -former first lady)
