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evil

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishyvel,evel,ivel,uvel, fromOld Englishyfel, fromProto-West Germanic*ubil, fromProto-Germanic*ubilaz,[1] fromProto-Indo-European*h₂up(h₁)élos, a deverbal derivative of*h₂wep(h₁)-, *h₂wop(h₁)-(“treat badly”). See-le for the supposed suffix.

Alternatively from*upélos(“evil”, literally“going over or beyond (acceptable limits)”), fromProto-Indo-European*upo,*h₃ewp-(“down, up, over”).[2]

Cognates

Cognate withDutcheuvel(“evil”),Germanübel(“bad, evil”),German Low Germanövel(“evil”),Luxembourgishiwwel(“queasy, nauseous; bad”),Gothic𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍃(ubils,“bad, evil”). CompareOld Irishfel(“bad, evil”), fromProto-Celtic*uɸelos,[3] andHittite𒄷𒉿𒀊𒍣(huwapp-i,“to mistreat, harass”),𒄷𒉿𒀊𒉺𒀸(huwappa-,“evil, badness”).[4]

Adjective

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evil (comparativeevillerorevilerormoreevil,superlativeevillestorevilestormostevil)

  1. Intending toharm;malevolent.
    anevil plot to brainwash and even kill innocent people
    • 1864 August –1866 January,[Elizabeth] Gaskell, chapter 47, inWives and Daughters. An Every-day Story. […], volume(please specify |volume=I or II), London:Smith, Elder and Co., […], published1866,→OCLC:
      For a good while the Miss Brownings were kept in ignorance of theevil tongues that whispered hard words about Molly.
    • 1916,Zane Grey, chapter 10, inThe Border Legion‎[3], New York: Harper & Bros., page147:
      He looked at her shapely person with something of the brazen andevil glance that had been so revolting to her in the eyes of those ruffians.
    • 2006,Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o,Wizard of the Crow, New York: Pantheon, Book Three, Section II, Chapter 3, p. 351,[4]
      “Before this, I never had any cause to suspect my wife of any conspiracy.”
      “You mean it never crossed your mind that she might have been told to whisperevil thoughts in your ear at night?”
    • 1989,Pilgrimage‎[5], volume15, Human Sciences Press,→LCCN,→OCLC, page 7:
      He tells secret dreams to strangers , imagines he can achieve art without discipline , regards all boundaries as evil , ignores ancestors , wants comfort and merging , believes cunning is wrong , and as a scholar or artist doesn't[…]
  2. Morallycorrupt.
    If something isevil, it is never mandatory.
    Do you think that companies that engage in animal testing areevil?
  3. Unpleasant,foul (of odor, taste, mood, weather, etc.).
    • 1660, John Harding (translator),Paracelsus his Archidoxis, London: W.S., Book 7, “Of an Odoriferous Specifick,” p. 100,[8]
      AnOdoriferousSpecifick […] is aMatter that takes away Diseases from the Sick, no otherwise then asCivet drives away the stinck ofOrdure by itsOdour; for you are to observe, That theSpecifick dothpermix it self with thisevil Odour of the Dung; and the stink of the Dung cannot hurt, no[r] abide there […]
    • 1897,H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, chapter 18, inThe Invisible Man: A Grotesque Romance, New York, N.Y.; London:Harper & Brothers Publishers,→OCLC:
      He awoke in anevil temper[…]
    • 1937,Robert Byron,The Road to Oxiana, London: Macmillan, Part V, “Mazar-i-Sherif,” p. 282,[9]
      It was anevil day, sticky and leaden: Oxiana looked as colourless and suburban as India.
    • 1958,Graham Greene,Our Man in Havana‎[10], Penguin, published1979, Part Four, Chapter 1, p. 125:
      He herded them into a small andevil toilet and then through a window.
    • 1993,Carol Shields, chapter 1, inThe Stone Diaries‎[11], Toronto: Random House of Canada, page39:
      Everyone in the tiny, crowded, hot, andevil-smelling kitchen[…] has been invited to participate in a moment of history.
  4. Producing or threateningsorrow,distress,injury, orcalamity;unpropitious;calamitous.
  5. (obsolete) Having harmful qualities; not good; worthless or deleterious.
    anevil beast; anevil plant; anevil crop
  6. (computing, programming, slang)Undesirable;harmful; bad practice.
    Global variables areevil; storing processing context in object member variables allows those objects to be reused in a much more flexible way.
Synonyms
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Antonyms
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Derived terms
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Translations
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intending to harm
morally corrupt
unpleasant, foul (smell, taste)
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Noun

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

evil (countable anduncountable,pluralevils)

  1. Moral badness;wickedness;malevolence; the forces or behaviors that are the opposite or enemy ofgood.
    Synonym:enormity
    Theevils of society include murder and theft.
    Evil lacks spirituality, hence its need for mind control.
  2. Something which impairs the happiness of a being or deprives a being of any good; something which causes suffering of any kind to sentient beings;harm;injury;mischief.
  3. (obsolete) Amalady ordisease; especially in combination, as inking's evil,colt evil.
Antonyms
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Derived terms
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Translations
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moral badness, wickedness
impairment of happiness or well-being
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

References

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  1. ^Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*ubila-”, inEtymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series;11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston:Brill,→ISBN,page557
  2. ^Vladimir Orel (2003), “*uƀelaz”, inA Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston:Brill,→ISBN,page433
  3. ^Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*ufelo-”, inEtymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden:Brill,→ISBN,page396
  4. ^Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008),Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN,pages369–370

Etymology 2

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FromMiddle Englishyvel,evel,ivel,uvel, fromOld Englishyfele(“badly, evilly”), a derivative of the adjectiveyfel(“bad, evil”). Often reinterpreted as the noun in the later language (as in "to speak evil").

Adverb

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evil (comparativemoreevil,superlativemostevil)

  2. (obsolete)wickedly,evilly,iniquitously
  3. (obsolete)injuriously,harmfully; in a damaging way.
  4. (obsolete)badly,poorly; in aninsufficient way.
    It wentevil with him.
    • 1570, William Lambard, quotingHorace,A Perambulation of Kent‎[14], published1596, page341:
      But (as the Poet ſaith)Malè ſarta gratia, nequicquam coit, & reſcinditur: Friendſhip, that is buteuill peeced, will not ioine cloſe, but falleth aſunder againe:
Usage notes
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This adverb was usually used in conjunction withspeak.

References
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Anagrams

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Middle English

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Etymology 1

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Adjective

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evil

  1. alternative form ofyvel(“evil”)

Etymology 2

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Adverb

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evil

  1. alternative form ofyvel(“evilly”)
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