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esse

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:Appendix:Variations of "esse"

Languages (22)

English

Afrikaans • Catalan • Central Franconian • Corsican • French • Gallurese • German • Hunsrik • Ingrian • Interlingua • Italian • Latin • Middle English • Neapolitan • Old Irish • Pennsylvania German • Piedmontese • Portuguese • Swedish • Tatar • Walloon

Page categories

English

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Etymology

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FromLatinesse.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈɛsi/
Audio(US): (file)

Noun

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esse (pluralesses)

Essence,essential nature.
- 1788,Emanuel Swedenborg,The Wisdom of Angels Concerning Divine Love and Divine Wisdom, London: […] W. Chalklen, page136:
  Hence it is that the Univerſe, which was created from hisEſſe, and which regarded as to Uſes is his Image, obtained theſe three in all and ſingular the Things appertaining to it.
- 1801,Emanuel Swedenborg,Arcana Cœlestia: or, Heavenly Mysteries Contained in the Sacred Scriptures, or Word of the Lord, Manifested and Laid Open, volume X, London: […] J. Hodson, page482:
  […]that is hisproprium, since theesse of the life of man is his will;
- 1824–68, A[braham] J[ones] Le Cras,The Theological Contrast: or, Error Exposed, and Truth Elucidated, Being an Investigation into All the Systems of Religion, Now Propagated in the Whole World, London: […] Thomas Goyder, pages95–97:
  In like manner Christians treading closely on the heels of Jews, notwithstanding all the divine miracles, which accompanied their first establishment, iu^[sic] order to call them from the Deistical worship of a supremeesse, extended through all space, and to fix them in the exclusive acknowledgement of the one God in a divine human form, are equally guilty of idolatry, in worshipping Gods or persons, that have no real existence.
- 1961, Gerard Smith, Lottie H. Kendzierski,Philosophy of Being, The Macmillan Company, page339:
  Essence is a being by anesse which theessence is. Substance is a being by anesse which thesubstance is.Ens is a being by anesse which theens is.
- 2015, Christopher Hughes,Aquinas on Being, Goodness, and God,Routledge, page62:
  Agreed, if there are as manyesses in an individual as there are forms in that individual, then a plurality of substantial forms in an individual implies a plurality of substantialesses in that individual, just as a plurality of accidental forms in an individual implies a plurality of accidentalesses in that individual.

Related terms

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References

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James A. H. Murrayet al., editors (1884–1928), “Esse”, inA New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), volume III (D–E), London:Clarendon Press,→OCLC,page294.

Afrikaans

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Noun

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esse

plural ofes

Catalan

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic)[ˈe.sə]
IPA^(key): (Valencia)[ˈe.se]

Noun

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esse f (pluralesses)(Valencia)

alternative form ofessa

Central Franconian

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Alternative forms

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äße(most dialects)
eaße(parts of Moselle Franconian)

Etymology

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FromMiddle High Germanezzen, fromOld High Germanezzan.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈɛsə/

Verb

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esse (third-person singular presentissoritt,preteriteoß,past participlejesseorjejesse)

(Kölsch, nothernmost Ripuarian) toeat

Usage notes

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The second and third personsduitts, häitt are attested for the formerlyLow Franconian areas aroundDüsseldorf. These forms might now be obsolete.

Corsican

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Alternative forms

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essa(Ultramontane)

Etymology

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Inherited fromEarly Medieval Latinessere, fromInherited fromLatinesse. CompareItalianessere,Frenchêtre.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈes.sɛ/
Hyphenation:es‧se

Verb

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esse(Cismontane)

(copulative) tobe
(intransitive) tobe(to exist)
(intransitive) tobe(to occupy a place)
(auxiliary, + past participle)Forms the passive voice; tobe
(auxiliary, + past participle)Forms the perfect aspect of some verbs; tohave

Conjugation

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Cismontane conjugation of esse (highly irregular,suppletive)

person		singular			plural
infinitive			esse
present participle			issendu
past participle			statu
person		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		eiu	tù	ellu/ella	noi	voi	elli/elle
	present	sò	sì	hè,ghjè	simu	site	sò
	imperfect	era	eri	era	eramu	erate	eranu
	simple past	fubbi,fui	fusti	fubbe,fù	fubbimu,fuimu	fuste	fubbenu
	future	seraghju	serai,serè	serà	seremu	serete	seranu
	conditional	seria,serebbi	serii,seresti,seristi	seria,serebbe	seriamu,serebbimu	seriate,sereste,seriste	serianu,serebbenu
subjunctive		eiu	tù	ellu/ella	noi	voi	elli/elle
	present	sia	sia	sia	siamu	siate	sianu
	imperfect	fussi	fussi	fussi	fussimu	fussite	fussinu
imperative		–	tù	–	noi	voi	–
		—	sia	—	siamu	siate	—

Descendants

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Gallurese:esse,essi

References

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“esse, essa” inINFCOR: Banca di dati di a lingua corsa

French

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ɛs/
Audio(France (Toulouse)): (file)
Audio(France (Lyon)): (file)
Audio(France (Somain)): (file)
Homophones:ace,aces,ès,esses

Noun

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esse m (pluralesses)

The name of theLatin script letterS/s.

Gallurese

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IPA^(key): /ˈɛs.se/

Verb

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esse

(auxiliary) tobe

Conjugation

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Conjugation ofesse (highly irregular,suppletive)

gerund	compound	essendi + past participle
infinitive	simple	esse
infinitive	compound	esse + past participle
gerund	simple	essendi,sendi
past participle		statu
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		eu	tu	iddu/idda	noi	voi	iddi
(simple tenses)	present	socu	sei	è	semu	seti	so
	imperfect	era,eru	eri	era	érami	érati	erani
	preterite	fusi	fusti	fusi	fùsimi	fùsiti	fùsini
	future	saragghju	sarai,saré	sarà	saremu	sareti	sarani
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of esse + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of esse + past participle
	preterite perfect	preterite indicative of esse + past participle
	future perfect	future of esse + past participle
conditional		eu	tu	iddu/idda	noi	voi	iddi
present		saria	saristi	saria	sarìami	sarìati	sarìani
perfect		present conditional of esse + past participle
subjunctive		chi eu	chi tu	chi iddu/idda	chi noi	chi voi	chi iddi
(simple tenses)	present	sia	sii	sia	sìami	sìati	sìani
(simple tenses)	imperfect	fùssia	fussi	fùssia	fùssimi	fùssiti	fùssini
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of esse + past participle
(compound tenses)	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of esse + past participle
imperative		eu	tu	iddu/idda	noi	voi	iddi
imperative		—	sii	sia	sìami	sìati	sìani

German

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Pronunciation

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Audio(Germany (Berlin)): (file)

Verb

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esse

inflection ofessen:
1. first-person singular present
2. first/third-personsingular present subjunctive

Hunsrik

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Alternative forms

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ëse(Wiesemann spelling system)

Etymology

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FromMiddle High Germanezzen, fromOld High Germanezzan.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈesə/
Rhymes:-esə
Syllabification:es‧se
Homophone:Esse

Verb

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esse

toeat
Ichesse keen Fleisch.
I don'teat meat.
Heitesse-mer Fisch.
Today weeat fish.

Inflection

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	A user suggests that this Hunsrik entry be cleaned up, giving the reason:“manual inflection table should be moved to a template”.
	Please see the discussion onRequests for cleanup⁽⁺⁾ or thetalk page for more information and remove this template after the problem has been dealt with.

Conjugation ofesse

	present tense
infinitive	esse

past participle	gess

auxiliary	hon

1st person singular	esse
2nd person singular	esst
3rd person singular	essd
1st person plural	esse
2nd person plural	essd
3rd person plural	esse

	imperative
2nd person singular	ess
2nd person plural	essd

Derived terms

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mitesse

Ingrian

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Etymology

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Fromestää(“to prevent”) +‎-e. Akin toFinnisheste.

Pronunciation

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(Ala-Laukaa)IPA^(key): /ˈesːe/,[ˈe̞s̠ː]
(Soikkola)IPA^(key): /ˈesːe/,[ˈe̞ʃːe̞]
Rhymes:-esː,-esːe
Hyphenation:es‧se

Noun

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esse

obstacle

Declension

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Declension ofesse (type 6/lähe, st-ss gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	esse	esteet
genitive	esteen	estein
partitive	essettä	esteitä
illative	esteesse	esteisse
inessive	estees	esteis
elative	esteest	esteist
allative	esteelle	esteille
adessive	esteel	esteil
ablative	esteelt	esteilt
translative	esteeks	esteiks
essive	esteennä,esteen	esteinnä,estein
exessive¹⁾	esteent	esteint
¹⁾ obsolete ^) theaccusative corresponds with either thegenitive (sg) ornominative (pl) ^*) thecomitative is formed by adding the suffix-ka^? or-kä^? to thegenitive.

References

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Ruben E. Nirvi (1971),Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page36

Interlingua

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈe.se/,/ˈes.se/

Verb

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esse

present ofesser
Synonym:es
imperative ofesser
Synonym:sia

Italian

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Etymology 1

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FromLatines(the name of the letterS).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈɛs.se/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes:-ɛsse
Hyphenation:ès‧se

Noun

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esse f or m (invariable)

The name of theLatin script letterS/s.;ess

Derived terms

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esse lunga

Etymology 2

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FromLatinipsae, fromipse.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈes.se/
Rhymes:-esse
Hyphenation:és‧se

Pronoun

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esse f pl

plural ofella andessa;they,them(female)
Synonym:loro

Italian personal pronouns (alternative)
Number	Person	Gender	Nominative	Reflexive	Accusative	Dative	Locative	Genitive	Disjunctive
Singular	third	m	esso¹,egli,elli³	si,s'	lo,l'	gli	vi,v'	ne,n'	esso,sé
f	essa,ella,Ella²	la,l'	le	essa,sé
Plural	third	m	essi,eglino³,ellino³,elli³	si,s'	li	loro	vi,v'	ne,n'	essi,sé
f	esse,elle³,elleno³	le	esse,elle³,sé
¹	Refers predominantly to non-humans.
²	Highly elevated variant ofLei.
³	Archaic.

Anagrams

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sese

Latin

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Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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(Classical Latin)IPA^(key): [ˈɛs.sɛ]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)IPA^(key): [ˈɛs.se]

Verb

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esse

present active infinitive ofsum

Noun

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esse m (indeclinable)(Medieval Latin)

state,condition

Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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(Classical Latin)IPA^(key): [ˈeːs.sɛ]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)IPA^(key): [ˈɛs.se]

Verb

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ēsse

present active infinitive ofedō

Participle

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ēsse

vocative masculine singular ofēssus

References

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“esse”, inCharlton T. Lewis (1891),An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
"esse", in Charles du Fresne du Cange,Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)

Middle English

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Verb

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esse

(Gloucestershire)alternative form ofasken(“to ask”)

Neapolitan

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈessə/
Homophone:éssa

Pronoun

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ésse

plural oféssa(“she”)

Coordinate terms

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Neapolitan personal pronouns
			nominative	accusative	dative	reflexive	possessive	prepositional
singular	first person		io	me			mìo,mìa,miéje,mèje	me,méne
	second person	familiar	tu	te			tùjo,tója,tuóje,tòje	te,téne
	second person	formal	vuje	ve			vuósto,vòsta,vuóste,vòste	vuje
	third person	n	ésso	'o (lo)	lle	se	sùjo,sója,suóje,sòje	ésso
		m	ìsso	'o,'u (lo,lu)	lle,lli			ìsso
		f	éssa	'a (la)	lle			éssa
plural	first person		nuje	nce			nuósto,nòsta,nuóste,nòste	nuje
	second person		vuje	ve			vuósto,vòsta,vuóste,vòste	vuje
	third person	n	éssa (llòro)	'a (la)	lle (llòro)	se	llòro (invariable)	éssa (llòro)
		m	ìsse (llòro)	'e,'i (le,li)	lle,lli (llòro)			ìsse (llòro)
		f	ésse (llòro)	'e (le)	lle (llòro)			ésse (llòro)

Old Irish

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Pronoun

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esse

alternative form ofessi:third-person singular feminine ofa

Pennsylvania German

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Etymology

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FromMiddle High Germanezzen, fromOld High Germanezzan, fromProto-West Germanic*etan. CompareGermanessen,Dutcheten,Englisheat,Swedishäta.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈɛsə/

Verb

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esse

toeat

Conjugation

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	A user suggests that this Pennsylvania German entry be cleaned up, giving the reason:“manual inflection table should be moved to a template”.
	Please see the discussion onRequests for cleanup⁽⁺⁾ or thetalk page for more information and remove this template after the problem has been dealt with.

Conjugation ofesse

	present tense
infinitive	esse

past participle	hot gesse

future tense	waerd esse

subjunctive	daet esse

1st person singular	ess
2nd person singular	esscht
3rd person singular	esst
1st person plural	esse
2nd person plural	esst
3rd person plural	esse

imperative	du ess, dihr esst

Piedmontese

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Etymology

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Inherited fromEarly Medieval Latinessere, fromLatinesse.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈese/

Verb

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esse

tobe

Conjugation

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infinitive	esse
present gerundive	essend
past participle	stàit

	Present indicative	Past indicative	Future indicative	Present subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Past Historic	Present Conditional
First-person singular	ison	i j'era	isarai	isia	ifussa	Ifure	isarìa
Second-person singular	itses	it j'ere	itsaras	itsie	itfusse	itfùrës	itsarìe
Third-person singular	a l'é	a l'era	asarà	asia	afussa	fur	asarìa
First-person plural	isoma	i j'ero	isaroma	isio	ifusso	furo	isarìo
Second-person plural	iseve	i j'ere	isareve	isie	ifusse	ifùrës	isarìe
Third-person plural	ason	a j'ero	isaran	asio	afusso	afuro	asarìo

Portuguese

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Etymology 1

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FromOld Galician-Portugueseesse, fromLatinipse(“himself”).

Alternative forms

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êsse(pre-reform spelling)

Pronunciation

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(Brazil)IPA^(key): /ˈe.si/

(Brazil)IPA^(key): /ˈe.si/
- (Southern Brazil)IPA^(key): /ˈe.se/

(Portugal)IPA^(key): /ˈe.sɨ/

Audio(São Paulo): (file)
Hyphenation:es‧se

Determiner

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esse (feminineessa,masculine pluralesses,feminine pluralessas)

that(near you)
Esse chapéu está limpo?
Isthat hat clean?
(Brazil, colloquial)this(near me)
Synonym:este
Esse livro é muito bom.
This book is very good.

Pronoun

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esse (feminineessa,masculine pluralesses,feminine pluralessas,neuterisso)(definite demonstrative pronoun)

that,that one(near you)
that (that one);this (this one)(indicates something already mentioned or understood from context)
Esse é o segredo para vencer.
This is the secret to winning.

Derived terms

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fazer esse

Portuguesedemonstratives
	pronouns	adverbs
	singular	plural	neuter
masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine
proximal	X	este	esta	estes	estas	isto	aqui,cá
de + X	deste	desta	destes	destas	disto	daqui
em + X	neste	nesta	nestes	nestas	nisto	—
medial	X	esse	essa	esses	essas	isso	aí
de + X	desse	dessa	desses	dessas	disso	daí
em + X	nesse	nessa	nesses	nessas	nisso	—
distal	X	aquele	aquela	aqueles	aquelas	aquilo	ali,lá,acolá
de + X	daquele	daquela	daqueles	daquelas	daquilo	dali,dacolá
em + X	naquele	naquela	naqueles	naquelas	naquilo	—
a + X	àquele	àquela	àqueles	àquelas	àquilo
anaphoric	X	o	a	os	as	—	—
de + X	do	da	dos	das
em + X	no	na	nos	nas
a + X	ao	à	aos	às

Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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(Brazil)IPA^(key): /ˈɛ.si/

(Brazil)IPA^(key): /ˈɛ.si/
- (Southern Brazil)IPA^(key): /ˈɛ.se/

(Portugal)IPA^(key): /ˈɛ.sɨ/

Hyphenation:es‧se

Noun

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esse m (pluralesses)

The name of theLatin script letterS/s.
something shaped like the letter S

Swedish

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Noun

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esse n

only used invara i sitt esse

References

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Tatar

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Adjective

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esse

Walloon

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Etymology

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Inherited fromOld Frenchestre, fromEarly Medieval Latinessere, fromLatinesse. Some conjugations reflectLatinstāre(“stand”).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ɛs/
Homophones:èç,ès

Verb

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esse

tobe
Synonym:sey

Conjugation

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—

— Conjugation of the verbesse in Walloon — Codjowaedje do viebeesse e walon

		singular			plural
infinitive			esse (oriesse) /sey
gerund			estant
auxiliary			aveur
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		sti		—
		plural		—		—
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		dji (dj')	ti (t')	i (il) / ele	dji (dj') / nos	vos	i (il)
	present	so	es	est	estans	estoz	sont
	imperfect	ere /î /esteu	eres /îs /esteus	ere /ît /esteut	esténs	estîz	estént
	preterit	esta /fouri	estas /fouris	esta /fourit	estîs /fourîns	estîz /fourîz	estît /fourît
	future	serè	serès	serè	serans	seroz	seront
	conditional	sereu	sereus	sereut	seréns	serîz	serént

subjunctive		ki dj'	ki t'	k' i (il) / k' ele	ki dj' / ki nos	ki vos	k' i (il)
	present	soeye /fouxhe	soeyes /fouxhes	soeye /fouxhe	soeyanxhe /fouxhanxhe	soeyoxhe /fouxhoxhe	soeyèxhe /fouxhnuxhe
	imperfect	estaxhe /fouxhe /fourixhe	estaxhes /fouxhes /fourixhes	estaxhe /fouxhe /fourixhe	estaxhénxhe /fouxhénxhe	estaxhîxhe /fouxhîxhe	estaxhénxhe /fouxhénxhe

imperative		—	ti	—	dji / nos	vos	—
	affirmative		soey /fouxhe		soeyans /fouxhans	soeyoz /fouxhoz

Noun

[edit]

esse m (pluralesses)

The name of theLatin script letterS/s.
Something shaped like the letter S.

Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=esse&oldid=89462575"

Categories:

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[8]ページ先頭

Movatterモバイル変換

English

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Related terms

References

Afrikaans

Noun

Catalan

Pronunciation

Noun

Further reading

Central Franconian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Usage notes

Corsican

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Descendants

References

French

Pronunciation

Noun

Further reading

Gallurese

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

German

Pronunciation

Verb

Hunsrik

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Inflection

Derived terms

Further reading

Ingrian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

References

Interlingua

Pronunciation

Verb

Italian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

See also

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Pronoun

See also

Anagrams

Latin

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Verb

Noun

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Verb

Participle

References

Middle English

Verb