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esik

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:eşikandesik-

Hungarian

Etymology

FromProto-Ugric*eskä-, fromProto-Uralic*ećɜ-(“to fall”).^[1]^[2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈɛʃik]
Audio: (file)
Hyphenation:esik
Rhymes:-ɛʃik

Verb

esik

(intransitive) tofall
Synonyms:leesik,hullik,lehullik,pottyan,zuhan
Active-voice counterpart:ejt
A kenyér a vajas feléreesett. ―The [slice of] breadfell on its buttered side.
(intransitive, normally supplemented with the name of the precipitation) torain, tosnow
Synonyms:(of rain)zuhog,(of rain)szakad,(of snow)hull
Esik az eső. ―Itis raining. (literally, “The rainis falling.”)
Esik a hó. ―Itis snowing. (literally, “The snowis falling.”)
Esik még?(depending on context) ―Is it stillraining/snowing?
(intransitive) tofall somewhere, to happen tobe at some place or time(of an event on some day of the week or month or the stress on a particular syllable)
Synonyms:van,jut
Idén péntekreesik a születésnapom. ―My birthdayfalls on a Friday this year.
(intransitive) togo down, totumble, todrop,drop off,drop away(e.g. price or popularity)
Synonyms:csökken,süllyed,apad,hanyatlik,zuhan
(intransitive) to (happen to) befound, tolie, to besituated somewhere
Synonyms:fekszik,található
Távolesik tőlünk a színház. ―The theaterhappens to be a long way away from our place.
(intransitive) tofall into orget into a situation(e.g. falling victim to someone or something)
Synonyms:lesz,kerül
(intransitive) to fall or belong within the scope, force, power, or effect of something, to besubject orliable to someregulation orjurisdiction
Synonym:tartozik
(intransitive) to beaffected, tofeel in some way(with-nak/-nek for the person affected)
Hogyesne neked, ha…? ―How would you like/feel if …?
Jólesett az ebéd. ―approx. The lunchfelt/was good.
(intransitive) tohappen, tocome about
Synonyms:megesik,történik
Úgyesett, hogy … ―It happened that …
(intransitive) toattack,assail (with-nak/-nek)
Synonyms:támad,megtámad,rátámad,ront,nekiront,ráront

Conjugation

Conjugation ofesik
other forms	verbal noun		present part.	past part.	future part.	adverbial participle		causative
Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
indicative	indicative	present	indef.	esem or esek	esel	esik	esünk	estek	esnek
			def.	intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
			2nd obj
		past	indef.	estem	estél	esett	estünk	estetek	estek
			def.	―
			2nd obj
		future		Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verbfog, e.g.esni fog.
archaic preterite		indef.	esék or esém	esél	ese or esék	esénk	esétek	esének
		def.	―
		2nd obj
archaic past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed byvala (volt), e.g.esik vala,esett vala/volt.
archaic future		indef.	esendek (or esendem)	esendesz (or esendel)	esend (or esendik*)	esendünk	esendetek	esendenek
		def.	―
		2nd obj

conditional		present	indef.	esnék (or esném)	esnél	esne (or esnék*)	esnénk	esnétek	esnének
	def.		―
	2nd obj
	past		Indicative past forms followed byvolna, e.g.esett volna

subjunctive	subjunctive	present	indef.	essek or essem	ess or essél	essen or essék	essünk	essetek	essenek
			def.	―
			2nd obj
(archaic) past		Indicative past forms followed bylégyen, e.g.esett légyen

infinitive		esni		esnem	esned	esnie	esnünk	esnetek	esniük
other forms	esés		eső	esett	esendő	esve (esvén)		ejt

Potential conjugation ofesik
other forms	positive adjective			negative adjective		adverbial participle
Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
indicative	indicative	present	indef.	eshetek (oreshetem)	eshetsz (oreshetel)	eshet (oreshetik)	eshetünk	eshettek	eshetnek
			def.	intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
			2nd obj
		past	indef.	eshettem	eshettél	eshetett	eshettünk	eshettetek	eshettek
			def.	―
			2nd obj
archaic preterite		indef.	esheték or eshetém	eshetél	eshete or esheték	esheténk	eshetétek	eshetének
		def.	―
		2nd obj
archaic past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed byvala (volt), e.g.eshet vala,eshetett vala/volt.
archaic future		indef.	eshetendek or esandhatok (or eshetendem or esandhatom)	eshetendesz or esandhatsz (or eshetendel or esandhatol)	eshetend or esandhat (or eshetendik or esandhatik*)	eshetendünk or esandhatunk	eshetendetek or esandhattok	eshetendenek or esandhatnak
		def.	―
		2nd obj

conditional		present	indef.	eshetnék (or eshetném)	eshetnél	eshetne (or eshetnék*)	eshetnénk	eshetnétek	eshetnének
	def.		―
	2nd obj
	past		Indicative past forms followed byvolna, e.g.eshetett volna

subjunctive	subjunctive	present	indef.	eshessek or eshessem	eshess or eshessél	eshessen or eshessék	eshessünk	eshessetek	eshessenek
			def.	―
			2nd obj
(archaic) past		Indicative past forms followed bylégyen, e.g.eshetett légyen

infinitive		(eshetni)		(eshetnem)	(eshetned)	(eshetnie)	(eshetnünk)	(eshetnetek)	(eshetniük)
other forms	―			―		(eshetve /eshetvén)

Derived terms

Compound words

Expressions

References

^Entry #127 inUralonet, online Uralic etymological database of theHungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
^esik in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.).Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006,→ISBN. (See alsoits 2nd edition.)

Further reading

esik in Géza Bárczi,László Országh,et al., editors,A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.Fifth ed., 1992:→ISBN.
esik in Nóra Ittzés, editor,A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031(work in progress; publisheda–ez as of 2024).

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